T1 Energy

What T1 Energy does

T1 Energy is an Austin, Texas-based, vertically integrated solar and battery manufacturer listed on the NYSE under ticker TE (formerly FREYR Battery), repositioned in late 2024 to build a fully U.S.-domestic solar supply chain. The company owns and operates the 5 GW G1_Dallas module assembly facility in Wilmer, Texas (acquired from Trina Solar in December 2025) and is constructing the G2_Austin TOPCon cell fabrication facility in Milam County, Texas, with Phase 1 targeting 2.1 GW of cell capacity by late 2026 and a long-term plan of approximately 5 GW (with potential 5.3 GW expansion). Its technology stack centers on N-type TOPCon solar cells featuring SiXNY silicon-nitride anti-reflective coatings, AlXOY atomic-layer alumina passivation, tunnel-oxide layers, N+ poly-Si, and screen-printed silver/aluminum contacts, delivering utility modules at 620W and 720W, a residential 445W module, up to 23% efficiency, and a 30-year linear power warranty. Module production equipment, including a LAPLACE Renewable Energy-supplied cell line, and supply-chain partnerships (Corning wafers, Nextracker steel frames, Talon PV cell capacity, KORE Power storage) round out an integrated polysilicon-to-module-to-storage platform.

The company's revenue model is overwhelmingly hardware sales of domestically produced solar modules and (post-ramp) cells, with a secondary revenue line from monetizing Section 45X advanced manufacturing production tax credits (T1 sold $160M at $0.91/$1 in December 2025). Customers include utility-scale developers, independent power producers, hyperscale AI data center operators (e.g., the planned 50 MW Mo i Rana, Norway site), and residential installers reached through both enterprise offtake agreements (a 900 MW Treaty Oak Clean Energy deal) and a direct-to-consumer storefront at shop.t1energy.com. Go-to-market is enterprise field sales supported by IRA/FEOC-driven domestic-content positioning and bankability validation (Intertek CEA 'A' grade awarded April 2026). The pending KORE Power acquisition will add a battery energy storage systems business (T1 NRI) targeting utility-scale storage and AI data center infrastructure, projected to contribute $15-20M of EBITDA in 2027.

T1 Energy's strategic positioning hinges on capturing Section 45X tax credits, FEOC-compliant domestic-content premiums, and AI-driven power demand growth, while navigating material risks including the First Solar TOPCon patent infringement action, multiple securities-fraud investigations triggered by short-seller reports from Culper Research and Fuzzy Panda Research (which disclosed a 17.58% short position), an alleged RWE Clean Energy offtake termination over non-compliant modules, and heavy reliance on continued capital-markets access to fund the G2_Austin buildout.

Name

T1 Energy

Legal name

T1 Energy Inc.

Website

https://t1energy.com

Company type

Public

Founded year

2020

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

251–500 employees

Short description

T1 Energy is an Austin, Texas-based, vertically integrated U.S. solar and battery manufacturer (NYSE: TE) operating a 5 GW module plant (G1_Dallas) and building a 5 GW TOPCon cell fab (G2_Austin), selling domestically produced N-type modules, 45X tax credits, and pending BESS to utility developers, IPPs, and hyperscale AI data center operators.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Product category

Solar Module and Cell Manufacturing

NAICS

Battery Manufacturing (33591)

SIC

Electronic & Other Electrical Equipment (No Computer Equip) (3600)

akta.pro primary industry

Renewable Distributed Generation (Rooftop/Onsite Solar, Small Wind, Small Hydro) (EUACALAJ)

akta.pro secondary industry

Battery Modules & Packs (Industrial/Commercial pack assembly) (IMAGAHAB)

Keywords

• Solar module manufacturing
• TOPCon solar cells
• Battery energy storage
• Utility-scale solar
• Domestic solar supply chain

Headquarters

HQ city

Austin

HQ country

United States

HQ region

North America

Offices4 records

Markets served

GTM type

B2B

Offering type

Hardware or Manufacturing

Cost components

Supply Chain, Technology or R&D, Infrastructure, Personnel, Operations, Marketing or Sales

Revenue model

1. Solar Module Sales: One-time hardware sales of TOPCon solar modules manufactured at the 5GW G1_Dallas facility in Wilmer, Texas. Modules are sold to utility-scale developers, IPPs, and residential installers under multi-year offtake and supply agreements. Module production reached 2.79GW in 2025, with 2026 guidance of 3.1–4.2GW.
2. Solar Cell Sales (G2_Austin): Future revenue stream from TOPCon solar cell production at the G2_Austin facility in Milam County, TX, which targets ~5GW of cell capacity and 5.3GW potential expansion. Supports both internal module production and merchant cell sales.
3. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS): Revenue from battery energy storage systems via the pending $32M acquisition of KORE Power, which provides US-made NMC battery cells and storage solutions for grid-scale and behind-the-meter applications.
4. 45X Advanced Manufacturing Tax Credit Sales: Monetization of Section 45X advanced manufacturing production tax credits earned on domestic solar module production, sold to investment-grade tax-credit buyers (including Swiss Re).
5. Project Engineering & Development (Talon PV): Minority equity stake plus project engineering services in Talon PV, providing US-based EPC and development capabilities for utility-scale solar projects.

Pricing tiers

Go-to-market motion2 records

Distribution channels3 records

Marketing channels7 records

Core offering

T1 Energy manufactures N-type TOPCon solar modules and cells at GW-scale Texas facilities (G1_Dallas modules and G2_Austin cells under construction), and is expanding into utility-scale battery energy storage via the pending KORE Power acquisition (T1 NRI). The company sells modules to utility-scale developers, independent power producers, and AI/hyperscale data center operators under multi-year offtake agreements, and operates a consumer storefront at shop.t1energy.com for residential and small commercial buyers.

Product overview

T1 Energy is a vertically integrated advanced American solar and battery manufacturer operating a platform-plus-modules architecture centered on two Texas facilities. The G1_Dallas 5GW-per-year solar module manufacturing facility (acquired from Trina Solar in December 2025) produces the TOPCon Solar Module Product Family (Utility 620W & 720W and Residential 445W), while the G2_Austin 5GW solar cell fabrication facility (currently in Phase 1 construction targeting 2.1GW by late 2026) supplies domestic TOPCon cells to feed G1_Dallas and achieve greater than 60% domestic content. T1 NRI, the battery energy storage systems business acquired via the June 2026 KORE Power deal, extends the platform into utility-scale BESS and AI data center infrastructure, integrating with T1's solar offering to serve data center and grid customers. Underlying technology includes N-Type silicon, SiXNY/AlXOY passivation, tunnel-oxide TOPCon cell architecture, and LAPLACE-supplied cell production equipment, all built on a U.S. polysilicon-to-module supply chain sourcing polysilicon, wafers, EVA, and frames from American suppliers such as Hemlock Semiconductor, Corning, and Nextracker.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

• T1 NRI: Planned rebrand of KORE Power's NRI (Northern Reliability) division — utility-scale battery energy storage system integrator and software — to be operated as a T1 Energy sub-brand following the close of the KORE Power acquisition.

Products and services

• TOPCon Solar Module Product Family T1 Energy's N-type TOPCon solar module portfolio available in utility (620W and 720W bi-facial glass/glass with half-cut cells, bypass diodes, 30-year power warranty, 23% max efficiency) and residential (445W) form factors. Sold to utility-scale developers, IPPs, and residential installers.
• T1 NRI Battery Energy Storage Systems Utility-scale battery energy storage system integrator and software/controls developer acquired via the $32M KORE Power acquisition announced June 2026, to be rebranded as T1 NRI. Targets AI data center and grid infrastructure customers with BESS solutions.
• Section 45X Production Tax Credits Monetization of Section 45X advanced manufacturing production tax credits earned on domestic solar module and cell production, sold to investment-grade tax-credit buyers (including Swiss Re).

Quantifiable outcome

• Module production of 2.79 GW in 2025, with 2026 guidance of 3.1–4.2 GW
• +3 more outcomes

Named customers2 records

Segments4 records

Ideal customer profiles4 records

Technology focussed Yes

API detail

Has API

No

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Feature5 records

Scale indicators15 records

Recent moves10 records

Expansion highlights7 records

Direct peers

• First Solar: Largest US-headquartered solar module manufacturer and the plaintiff in T1's IP litigation. Both companies compete for utility-scale US procurement under IRA domestic-content rules, though First Solar uses CdTe thin-film while T1 uses N-type TOPCon.
• Canadian Solar: Vertically integrated solar manufacturer with US project development (Recurrent Energy) and TOPCon capacity. Competes with T1 for utility-scale module supply and US-content procurement.
• Maxeon Solar Technologies: US-domiciled premium module manufacturer using N-type back-contact technology. Competes with T1 for IRA-eligible, high-efficiency utility-scale and residential module supply.
• SunPower: US-focused residential and small-commercial solar provider. Shares T1's D2C e-commerce channel and the residential TOPCon 445W product market, though SunPower's corporate restructuring (Chapter 11 in 2024) limits head-to-head competition today.

Broad incumbents

• JinkoSolar: Global TOPCon module leader and LAPLACE parent. A direct technology competitor whose equipment T1 is using; competes in the same TOPCon efficiency class and is referenced as a global pricing benchmark for utility-scale modules.
• Trina Solar: Major global module manufacturer and T1's former JV partner / current ~30.7M-share shareholder following the December 2025 US asset sale. Directly competes in TOPCon modules and is the source of T1's G1_Dallas facility.
• LONGi Green Energy: Global leader in solar wafers and TOPCon cells; co-parent of LAPLACE Renewable Energy (T1's cell-fab equipment partner). Sets global efficiency benchmarks T1 targets and competes on cell supply economics.

Others

• Nextracker: Solar tracker supplier and T1's steel module-frame partner under a multi-year supply agreement. Comparable as a US-domiciled, IRA-favored solar hardware supplier exposed to the same utility-scale buildout cycle.
• Array Technologies: US-based solar tracker manufacturer benefiting from the same utility-scale, domestic-content procurement tailwinds as T1. Comparable as an adjacent US-listed solar hardware play tied to project pipelines.
• Hemlock Semiconductor: US polysilicon producer supplying T1's domestic content strategy. While not a module competitor, it is a strategic upstream partner with comparable exposure to IRA/FEOC policy frameworks and US solar reshoring.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat5 records

Key risks7 records

Key highlights6 records

Customer concentration

• Xx.com/T1_energy
• YouTubeyoutube.com/@T1Energy1
• LinkedInlinkedin.com/company/t1energy
• Instagraminstagram.com/t1_energy

Compliance3 records

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Profiles19 records

Subsidiaries2 records

Funding overview

Funding rounds11 records

Investors11 records

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A1 record

Investments1 record

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about T1 Energy