T1 Energy
T1 Energy is an Austin, Texas-based, vertically integrated U.S. solar and battery manufacturer (NYSE: TE) operating a 5 GW module plant (G1_Dallas) and building a 5 GW TOPCon cell fab (G2_Austin), selling domestically produced N-type modules, 45X tax credits, and pending BESS to utility developers, IPPs, and hyperscale AI data center operators.
- Company typePublic
- Founded2020
- HeadquartersAustin, United States
- Headcount251–500
- GTM typeB2B
- OfferingHardware or Manufacturing
What T1 Energy does
T1 Energy is an Austin, Texas-based, vertically integrated solar and battery manufacturer listed on the NYSE under ticker TE (formerly FREYR Battery), repositioned in late 2024 to build a fully U.S.-domestic solar supply chain. The company owns and operates the 5 GW G1_Dallas module assembly facility in Wilmer, Texas (acquired from Trina Solar in December 2025) and is constructing the G2_Austin TOPCon cell fabrication facility in Milam County, Texas, with Phase 1 targeting 2.1 GW of cell capacity by late 2026 and a long-term plan of approximately 5 GW (with potential 5.3 GW expansion). Its technology stack centers on N-type TOPCon solar cells featuring SiXNY silicon-nitride anti-reflective coatings, AlXOY atomic-layer alumina passivation, tunnel-oxide layers, N+ poly-Si, and screen-printed silver/aluminum contacts, delivering utility modules at 620W and 720W, a residential 445W module, up to 23% efficiency, and a 30-year linear power warranty. Module production equipment, including a LAPLACE Renewable Energy-supplied cell line, and supply-chain partnerships (Corning wafers, Nextracker steel frames, Talon PV cell capacity, KORE Power storage) round out an integrated polysilicon-to-module-to-storage platform.
The company's revenue model is overwhelmingly hardware sales of domestically produced solar modules and (post-ramp) cells, with a secondary revenue line from monetizing Section 45X advanced manufacturing production tax credits (T1 sold $160M at $0.91/$1 in December 2025). Customers include utility-scale developers, independent power producers, hyperscale AI data center operators (e.g., the planned 50 MW Mo i Rana, Norway site), and residential installers reached through both enterprise offtake agreements (a 900 MW Treaty Oak Clean Energy deal) and a direct-to-consumer storefront at shop.t1energy.com. Go-to-market is enterprise field sales supported by IRA/FEOC-driven domestic-content positioning and bankability validation (Intertek CEA 'A' grade awarded April 2026). The pending KORE Power acquisition will add a battery energy storage systems business (T1 NRI) targeting utility-scale storage and AI data center infrastructure, projected to contribute $15-20M of EBITDA in 2027.
T1 Energy's strategic positioning hinges on capturing Section 45X tax credits, FEOC-compliant domestic-content premiums, and AI-driven power demand growth, while navigating material risks including the First Solar TOPCon patent infringement action, multiple securities-fraud investigations triggered by short-seller reports from Culper Research and Fuzzy Panda Research (which disclosed a 17.58% short position), an alleged RWE Clean Energy offtake termination over non-compliant modules, and heavy reliance on continued capital-markets access to fund the G2_Austin buildout.
T1 Energy firmographics
Firmographics- Name
- T1 Energy
- Legal name
- T1 Energy Inc.
- Website
- https://t1energy.com
- Company type
- Public
- Founded year
- 2020
- Operating status
- Operating
- Headcount range
- 251–500 employees
- Short description
- T1 Energy is an Austin, Texas-based, vertically integrated U.S. solar and battery manufacturer (NYSE: TE) operating a 5 GW module plant (G1_Dallas) and building a 5 GW TOPCon cell fab (G2_Austin), selling domestically produced N-type modules, 45X tax credits, and pending BESS to utility developers, IPPs, and hyperscale AI data center operators.
- Ownership category
- akta.pro rank
T1 Energy industry classification
Industry- Product category
- Solar Module and Cell Manufacturing
- NAICS
- Battery Manufacturing (33591)
- SIC
- Electronic & Other Electrical Equipment (No Computer Equip) (3600)
- akta.pro primary industry
- Renewable Distributed Generation (Rooftop/Onsite Solar, Small Wind, Small Hydro) (EUACALAJ)
- akta.pro secondary industry
- Battery Modules & Packs (Industrial/Commercial pack assembly) (IMAGAHAB)
Keywords
Where T1 Energy is headquartered
LocationHeadquarters
- HQ city
- Austin
- HQ country
- United States
- HQ region
- North America
Offices4 records
Markets served
T1 Energy business model
Business model- GTM type
- B2B
- Offering type
- Hardware or Manufacturing
- Cost components
- Supply Chain, Technology or R&D, Infrastructure, Personnel, Operations, Marketing or Sales
Revenue model
- Solar Module Sales: One-time hardware sales of TOPCon solar modules manufactured at the 5GW G1_Dallas facility in Wilmer, Texas. Modules are sold to utility-scale developers, IPPs, and residential installers under multi-year offtake and supply agreements. Module production reached 2.79GW in 2025, with 2026 guidance of 3.1–4.2GW.
- Solar Cell Sales (G2_Austin): Future revenue stream from TOPCon solar cell production at the G2_Austin facility in Milam County, TX, which targets ~5GW of cell capacity and 5.3GW potential expansion. Supports both internal module production and merchant cell sales.
- Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS): Revenue from battery energy storage systems via the pending $32M acquisition of KORE Power, which provides US-made NMC battery cells and storage solutions for grid-scale and behind-the-meter applications.
- 45X Advanced Manufacturing Tax Credit Sales: Monetization of Section 45X advanced manufacturing production tax credits earned on domestic solar module production, sold to investment-grade tax-credit buyers (including Swiss Re).
- Project Engineering & Development (Talon PV): Minority equity stake plus project engineering services in Talon PV, providing US-based EPC and development capabilities for utility-scale solar projects.
Pricing tiers
| Model | Billing | Price |
|---|---|---|
| Other | — | Quote-based / not publicly disclosed |
Go-to-market motion2 records
Distribution channels3 records
Marketing channels7 records
T1 Energy product offering
Product offeringCore offering
T1 Energy manufactures N-type TOPCon solar modules and cells at GW-scale Texas facilities (G1_Dallas modules and G2_Austin cells under construction), and is expanding into utility-scale battery energy storage via the pending KORE Power acquisition (T1 NRI). The company sells modules to utility-scale developers, independent power producers, and AI/hyperscale data center operators under multi-year offtake agreements, and operates a consumer storefront at shop.t1energy.com for residential and small commercial buyers.
Product overview
T1 Energy is a vertically integrated advanced American solar and battery manufacturer operating a platform-plus-modules architecture centered on two Texas facilities. The G1_Dallas 5GW-per-year solar module manufacturing facility (acquired from Trina Solar in December 2025) produces the TOPCon Solar Module Product Family (Utility 620W & 720W and Residential 445W), while the G2_Austin 5GW solar cell fabrication facility (currently in Phase 1 construction targeting 2.1GW by late 2026) supplies domestic TOPCon cells to feed G1_Dallas and achieve greater than 60% domestic content. T1 NRI, the battery energy storage systems business acquired via the June 2026 KORE Power deal, extends the platform into utility-scale BESS and AI data center infrastructure, integrating with T1's solar offering to serve data center and grid customers. Underlying technology includes N-Type silicon, SiXNY/AlXOY passivation, tunnel-oxide TOPCon cell architecture, and LAPLACE-supplied cell production equipment, all built on a U.S. polysilicon-to-module supply chain sourcing polysilicon, wafers, EVA, and frames from American suppliers such as Hemlock Semiconductor, Corning, and Nextracker.
Differentiator
Problem solved
Functional benefit
Brands
- T1 NRI: Planned rebrand of KORE Power's NRI (Northern Reliability) division — utility-scale battery energy storage system integrator and software — to be operated as a T1 Energy sub-brand following the close of the KORE Power acquisition.
Products and services
- TOPCon Solar Module Product Family T1 Energy's N-type TOPCon solar module portfolio available in utility (620W and 720W bi-facial glass/glass with half-cut cells, bypass diodes, 30-year power warranty, 23% max efficiency) and residential (445W) form factors. Sold to utility-scale developers, IPPs, and residential installers.
- T1 NRI Battery Energy Storage Systems Utility-scale battery energy storage system integrator and software/controls developer acquired via the $32M KORE Power acquisition announced June 2026, to be rebranded as T1 NRI. Targets AI data center and grid infrastructure customers with BESS solutions.
- Section 45X Production Tax Credits Monetization of Section 45X advanced manufacturing production tax credits earned on domestic solar module and cell production, sold to investment-grade tax-credit buyers (including Swiss Re).
Quantifiable outcome
- Module production of 2.79 GW in 2025, with 2026 guidance of 3.1–4.2 GW
- +3 more outcomes
Companies that use T1 Energy
Customer profileNamed customers2 records
Segments4 records
Ideal customer profiles4 records
T1 Energy technology and API
TechnologyTechnology focussed Yes
API detail
- Has API
- No
- API docs
- API detail
Core technology
AI maturity
App detail
Feature5 records
T1 Energy partnerships and signals
Strategic signalScale indicators15 records
Recent moves10 records
Expansion highlights7 records
T1 Energy competitors and assessment
Company assessmentDirect peers
- First Solar: Largest US-headquartered solar module manufacturer and the plaintiff in T1's IP litigation. Both companies compete for utility-scale US procurement under IRA domestic-content rules, though First Solar uses CdTe thin-film while T1 uses N-type TOPCon.
- Canadian Solar: Vertically integrated solar manufacturer with US project development (Recurrent Energy) and TOPCon capacity. Competes with T1 for utility-scale module supply and US-content procurement.
- Maxeon Solar Technologies: US-domiciled premium module manufacturer using N-type back-contact technology. Competes with T1 for IRA-eligible, high-efficiency utility-scale and residential module supply.
- SunPower: US-focused residential and small-commercial solar provider. Shares T1's D2C e-commerce channel and the residential TOPCon 445W product market, though SunPower's corporate restructuring (Chapter 11 in 2024) limits head-to-head competition today.
Broad incumbents
- JinkoSolar: Global TOPCon module leader and LAPLACE parent. A direct technology competitor whose equipment T1 is using; competes in the same TOPCon efficiency class and is referenced as a global pricing benchmark for utility-scale modules.
- Trina Solar: Major global module manufacturer and T1's former JV partner / current ~30.7M-share shareholder following the December 2025 US asset sale. Directly competes in TOPCon modules and is the source of T1's G1_Dallas facility.
- LONGi Green Energy: Global leader in solar wafers and TOPCon cells; co-parent of LAPLACE Renewable Energy (T1's cell-fab equipment partner). Sets global efficiency benchmarks T1 targets and competes on cell supply economics.
Others
- Nextracker: Solar tracker supplier and T1's steel module-frame partner under a multi-year supply agreement. Comparable as a US-domiciled, IRA-favored solar hardware supplier exposed to the same utility-scale buildout cycle.
- Array Technologies: US-based solar tracker manufacturer benefiting from the same utility-scale, domestic-content procurement tailwinds as T1. Comparable as an adjacent US-listed solar hardware play tied to project pipelines.
- Hemlock Semiconductor: US polysilicon producer supplying T1's domestic content strategy. While not a module competitor, it is a strategic upstream partner with comparable exposure to IRA/FEOC policy frameworks and US solar reshoring.
Market position
Strengths5 records
Weaknesses5 records
Competitive moat5 records
Key risks7 records
Key highlights6 records
Customer concentration
T1 Energy social profiles
Digital presenceT1 Energy compliance and trust
Trust signalCompliance3 records
T1 Energy financial estimates
Financial estimateRevenue estimate
Valuation estimate
T1 Energy leadership team
Management profileNumber of profiles
Profiles19 records
T1 Energy subsidiaries and ownership
Company hierarchySubsidiaries2 records
T1 Energy funding detail
Funding detailFunding overview
Funding rounds11 records
Investors11 records
Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
T1 Energy M&A and investment
M&A and investmentM&A1 record
Investments1 record
M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Frequently asked questions about T1 Energy
What does T1 Energy do?
T1 Energy manufactures N-type TOPCon solar modules and cells at GW-scale Texas facilities (G1_Dallas modules and G2_Austin cells under construction), and is expanding into utility-scale battery energy storage via the pending KORE Power acquisition (T1 NRI). The company sells modules to utility-scale developers, independent power producers, and AI/hyperscale data center operators under multi-year offtake agreements, and operates a consumer storefront at shop.t1energy.com for residential and small commercial buyers.
Is T1 Energy a public or private company?
T1 Energy is a public company. It is classified as public and is currently operating.
When was T1 Energy founded?
T1 Energy was founded in 2020. It employs 251 to 500 people.
Where is T1 Energy based?
T1 Energy is headquartered in Austin, United States, in the North America region.
How does T1 Energy make money?
Five revenue lines are on record. Solar Module Sales are the primary driver. The others are solar Cell Sales (G2_Austin), battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), 45X Advanced Manufacturing Tax Credit Sales and project Engineering & Development (Talon PV).
Who are T1 Energy's main competitors?
Direct peers on record are First Solar, Canadian Solar, Maxeon Solar Technologies and SunPower. Broad incumbents are JinkoSolar, Trina Solar and LONGi Green Energy. Others are Nextracker, Array Technologies and Hemlock Semiconductor.
Does T1 Energy have an API?
No public API is recorded for T1 Energy.
What industry is T1 Energy in?
T1 Energy's product category is Solar Module and Cell Manufacturing. Its primary akta.pro industry code is EUACALAJ, Renewable Distributed Generation (Rooftop/Onsite Solar, Small Wind, Small Hydro), with a secondary code of IMAGAHAB, Battery Modules & Packs (Industrial/Commercial pack assembly). Its NAICS code is 33591 and its SIC code is 3600.