Developer docs
API playgroundTry for free, no card

Search company profiles

Constellation Software

Full company profile

uuid00008tq

Namestring
Constellation Software
Legal namestring
Constellation Software Inc.
Websiteurl
csisoftware.com
Company typeenum
Public
Founded yearint
1995
Descriptiontext

Constellation Software Inc. (TSX:CSU), founded in 1995 and headquartered in Toronto, is a publicly traded international acquirer and operator of vertical market software (VMS) businesses. The company manages a portfolio of more than 1,100 software companies across nine operating groups (Harris, Volaris, Jonas, Topicus, Perseus, Vela/Juniper, Lumine, Modaxo, and Andromeda), serving over 150,000 customers in 160+ countries across diverse verticals including public sector, healthcare, utilities, insurance, construction, travel, telecom, education, banking, and equipment dealerships.

Constellation's core product portfolio includes mission-critical VMS platforms such as Premier Construction Software (cloud ERP ranked #1 by Forbes Advisor), Phoenix Core Banking System, Synchronoss personal cloud for telecom operators, Symplicity for higher education, Deem and DerbySoft for travel technology, and Keypoint Intelligence's bliQ analytics platform. Recent product enhancements include Stella AI, a proprietary AI agent built on real-time homebuilder industry data, and BuilderMetrix for Excel, an AI-powered add-on integrated with the next-generation NX ERP platform.

Constellation generates revenue primarily through recurring software licenses, maintenance contracts, and subscription arrangements at the portfolio-company level, complemented by professional services and support. Its buy-and-hold-forever acquisition strategy targets small-to-mid-market VMS companies where founders seek permanent capital while retaining operational autonomy. The company executes more than 100 tuck-in acquisitions annually through its decentralized operating groups, supported by a global direct sales model and capital structure that includes public subsidiaries Topicus.com Inc. (TSXV:TOI) and Lumine Group Inc. (TSXV:LMN). In 2025, Constellation generated $11.62 billion in revenue and $1.68 billion in free cash flow available to shareholders.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
Headcount rangeband
5,001–10,000
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersToronto, Canada
HQ citystring
Toronto
HQ countrystring
Canada
HQ regionstring
North America
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices4 records

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
vertical market software, mission-critical software, software acquisition holding, enterprise software solutions, B2B vertical software
Industry3 codes
1Software/Application Support (SaaS, Enterprise Apps)
CodeBPAAACACPrimaryYes
2Technology, Software & IT Services
CodeFSABACAJPrimaryNo
3Customer Experience (CX) & Digital Experience
CodeBPAHAEACPrimaryNo
NAICS code3 codes
  • Software Publishers51321
  • Custom Computer Programming Services541511
  • Computer Systems Design and Related Services54151
SIC code2 codes
  • Services-Computer Programming, Data Processing, Etc.7370
  • Services-Management Consulting Services8742
Product category
Vertical Market Software (VMS)
No data
GTM motion1 record

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

Revenue model2 records
1Software Licenses and Subscriptions
TypeSubscription Recurring
Description

Constellation Software generates revenue through acquisition of vertical market software businesses that primarily derive income through recurring revenue models including software licenses, maintenance contracts, and subscription-based arrangements with public and private sector customers.

globenewswire.com
2Professional Services and Support
TypeProfessional Services
Description

Portfolio companies provide mission-critical software solutions and associated professional services to specialized industries globally.

csisoftware.com
Marketing channels3 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels1 record

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

Cost components5 values
Personnel, Technology or R&D, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Others
Pricing details1 tier
1Enterprise software pricing varies by vertical market and specific solution requirements.
ModelSubscriptionBilling cadenceAnnual
Notes

Pricing is determined at the individual portfolio company level based on customer segment and solution complexity. No standardized publicly available pricing tiers.

csisoftware.com
GTM typeB2B
B2B
Offering typeSoftware
Software
Brand1 of 5 records shown
1Stella AI
Description

AI agent built on proprietary real-time industry data for homebuilders, launched by Constellation HomeBuilder Systems

csisoftware.com
+4 more records
Core offering1 text field

Constellation Software Inc. (TSX: CSU) is the leading international provider of software and services to public and private sector industries, operating through a decentralized buy-and-hold model. The company acquires and supports vertical market software (VMS) businesses for the long term across nine operating groups—Harris, Volaris, Jonas, Topicus, Perseus, Vela, Lumine, Modaxo, and Andromeda—managing over 1,100 software businesses serving 150,000+ customers in 160+ countries. Revenue is primarily derived from software licenses, maintenance contracts, and subscription-based arrangements with associated professional services across public sector, healthcare, utilities, insurance, construction, travel, telecom, and education verticals.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Quantifiable outcome1 of 4 values shown
  • 15% revenue growth in 2025
+3 more records
Product overview1 text field

Constellation Software is a global holding company that acquires, manages, and builds vertical market software businesses through nine operating groups (Harris, Volaris, Jonas Software, Topicus, Perseus, Vela, Lumine, Modaxo, and Andromeda). The company operates over 1,100 businesses providing mission-critical software to specialized industries. Key products include Premier Construction Software (cloud ERP for construction ranked #1 by Forbes), BuilderMetrix for Excel (Excel add-on with Stella AI for homebuilders), and various acquired brands spanning core banking (Phoenix Core Banking, Malauzai, Analyzer IQ), travel technology (Deem, DerbySoft, Peakwork), telecom cloud services (Synchronoss), higher education (Symplicity), automotive (Indiqator), and equipment dealership (IronHQ). The portfolio includes both platforms (NX ERP) and specialized solutions across public sector, healthcare, utilities, insurance, construction, media, transportation, and other vertical markets.

Product and service18 records
1Premier Construction Software
CategoryConstruction Cloud ERP
2Stella AI
CategoryAI Agent for Homebuilders
3BuilderMetrix for Excel
CategoryERP Add-On / Productivity Tool
4NX ERP Platform
CategoryHomebuilder ERP Platform
5Phoenix Core Banking System
CategoryCore Banking Software
6Malauzai Digital Banking
CategoryDigital Banking Software
7Analyzer IQ
CategoryBanking Analytics Software
8Enterprise Content Management (Banking)
CategoryEnterprise Content Management
9Deem
CategoryCorporate Travel Management Software
10DerbySoft
CategoryTravel Industry Connectivity Software
11Synchronoss Technologies
CategoryTelecom Personal Cloud Software
12Keypoint Intelligence
CategoryMarket Intelligence and Analytics
13Symplicity Corporation
CategoryHigher Education Software
14Indiqator
CategoryAutomotive Dealer Management Software
15IronHQ
CategoryEquipment Dealership Software
16TECVIA Holding GmbH
CategoryDriver's License Education Software
17Starkwood
CategoryVertical Market Software
18Peakwork AG
CategoryTravel Technology Software
Scale indicator8 records

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Recent move6 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight5 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers10 records
TypeDirect peer
Description

US-listed acquirer of vertical market software and engineered products with a similar 'buy-and-hold-forever with high margins' model. The closest direct comparable in terms of strategy, recurring revenue mix, and capital allocation discipline.

2HEICO
TypeDirect peer
Description

Acquisition-driven compounder that buys small, niche, market-leading businesses and holds them. Similar 'many small deals, decentralized operations, high margins' approach.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Vertically specialized information and workflow software for legal, tax, regulatory, and media. Comparable embedded, regulated-vertical mission-critical software with high renewal rates.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Vertically specialized data, analytics, and software for insurance and risk verticals. Comparable mission-critical, regulatory-embedded offering to certain CSI portfolio companies (e.g., insurance VMS).

TypeDirect peer
Description

Acquires niche, mission-critical proprietary software/components businesses and applies aggressive pricing and operational discipline. Comparable decentralized acquisition flywheel and permanent-capital mindset.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Vertically specialized data and analytics provider with mission-critical, embedded workflows and high recurring revenue. Comparable in moat type (proprietary data, switching costs) though financial services-focused.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Large public-sector vertical market software specialist. Comparable in end-market focus (government/justice/public sector) and recurring revenue model, though a focused operator rather than a holding company.

TypeDirect peer
Description

TSXV-listed Constellation spin-out focused on communications and media vertical market software. Operates under the same acquisition and hold model within the CSI family.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Vertical market software and data provider for logistics and supply chain — a category with several Constellation assets (e.g., Modaxo transportation). Comparable mission-critical recurring revenue model.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Constellation-originated operating group spun out as a separate TSXV-listed entity using the same buy-and-hold VMS playbook in Europe. Closest structural twin.

Market position
Strengths5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Weaknesses5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat5 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks7 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights7 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Named customers5 records

Each record includes

Name, Industry, Type, Use case, Source, UUID

Segment2 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Ideal customer profile5 records

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
Yes
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

Integration1 record

Each record includes

Title, Type, Description, Source

AI capability4 records

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Feature3 records

Each record includes

Title, Differentiator, Description, Source

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Profiles12 records

Each record includes

Name, Designation, Designation category, Overview, Profile commentary, Source

Subsidiaries17 records

Each record includes

Name, Acquired on, Relationship type, Type, Business focus

No data
Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds4 records

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors5 records

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A8 records

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment1 record

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Constellation Software

Vertical Market Software (VMS)csisoftware.com

What Constellation Software does

Constellation Software Inc. (TSX:CSU), founded in 1995 and headquartered in Toronto, is a publicly traded international acquirer and operator of vertical market software (VMS) businesses. The company manages a portfolio of more than 1,100 software companies across nine operating groups (Harris, Volaris, Jonas, Topicus, Perseus, Vela/Juniper, Lumine, Modaxo, and Andromeda), serving over 150,000 customers in 160+ countries across diverse verticals including public sector, healthcare, utilities, insurance, construction, travel, telecom, education, banking, and equipment dealerships.

Constellation's core product portfolio includes mission-critical VMS platforms such as Premier Construction Software (cloud ERP ranked #1 by Forbes Advisor), Phoenix Core Banking System, Synchronoss personal cloud for telecom operators, Symplicity for higher education, Deem and DerbySoft for travel technology, and Keypoint Intelligence's bliQ analytics platform. Recent product enhancements include Stella AI, a proprietary AI agent built on real-time homebuilder industry data, and BuilderMetrix for Excel, an AI-powered add-on integrated with the next-generation NX ERP platform.

Constellation generates revenue primarily through recurring software licenses, maintenance contracts, and subscription arrangements at the portfolio-company level, complemented by professional services and support. Its buy-and-hold-forever acquisition strategy targets small-to-mid-market VMS companies where founders seek permanent capital while retaining operational autonomy. The company executes more than 100 tuck-in acquisitions annually through its decentralized operating groups, supported by a global direct sales model and capital structure that includes public subsidiaries Topicus.com Inc. (TSXV:TOI) and Lumine Group Inc. (TSXV:LMN). In 2025, Constellation generated $11.62 billion in revenue and $1.68 billion in free cash flow available to shareholders.

Constellation Software firmographics

Firmographics
Name
Constellation Software
Legal name
Constellation Software Inc.
Website
https://csisoftware.com
Company type
Public
Founded year
1995
Operating status
Operating
Headcount range
5,001–10,000 employees
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

Constellation Software industry classification

Industry
Product category
Vertical Market Software (VMS)
NAICS
Software Publishers (51321), Custom Computer Programming Services (541511), Computer Systems Design and Related Services (54151)
SIC
Services-Computer Programming, Data Processing, Etc. (7370), Services-Management Consulting Services (8742)
akta.pro primary industry
Software/Application Support (SaaS, Enterprise Apps) (BPAAACAC)
akta.pro secondary industries
Technology, Software & IT Services (FSABACAJ), Customer Experience (CX) & Digital Experience (BPAHAEAC)

Keywords

  • Vertical market software
  • Mission-critical software
  • Software acquisition holding
  • Enterprise software solutions
  • B2B vertical software

Where Constellation Software is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
Toronto
HQ country
Canada
HQ region
North America

Offices4 records

Markets served

Constellation Software business model

Business model
GTM type
B2B
Offering type
Software
Cost components
Personnel, Technology or R&D, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Others

Revenue model

  1. Software Licenses and Subscriptions: Constellation Software generates revenue through acquisition of vertical market software businesses that primarily derive income through recurring revenue models including software licenses, maintenance contracts, and subscription-based arrangements with public and private sector customers.
  2. Professional Services and Support: Portfolio companies provide mission-critical software solutions and associated professional services to specialized industries globally.

Pricing tiers

ModelBillingPrice
SubscriptionAnnualEnterprise software pricing varies by vertical market and specific solution requirements.

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels1 record

Marketing channels3 records

Constellation Software product offering

Product offering

Core offering

Constellation Software Inc. (TSX: CSU) is the leading international provider of software and services to public and private sector industries, operating through a decentralized buy-and-hold model. The company acquires and supports vertical market software (VMS) businesses for the long term across nine operating groups—Harris, Volaris, Jonas, Topicus, Perseus, Vela, Lumine, Modaxo, and Andromeda—managing over 1,100 software businesses serving 150,000+ customers in 160+ countries. Revenue is primarily derived from software licenses, maintenance contracts, and subscription-based arrangements with associated professional services across public sector, healthcare, utilities, insurance, construction, travel, telecom, and education verticals.

Product overview

Constellation Software is a global holding company that acquires, manages, and builds vertical market software businesses through nine operating groups (Harris, Volaris, Jonas Software, Topicus, Perseus, Vela, Lumine, Modaxo, and Andromeda). The company operates over 1,100 businesses providing mission-critical software to specialized industries. Key products include Premier Construction Software (cloud ERP for construction ranked #1 by Forbes), BuilderMetrix for Excel (Excel add-on with Stella AI for homebuilders), and various acquired brands spanning core banking (Phoenix Core Banking, Malauzai, Analyzer IQ), travel technology (Deem, DerbySoft, Peakwork), telecom cloud services (Synchronoss), higher education (Symplicity), automotive (Indiqator), and equipment dealership (IronHQ). The portfolio includes both platforms (NX ERP) and specialized solutions across public sector, healthcare, utilities, insurance, construction, media, transportation, and other vertical markets.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

  • Stella AI: AI agent built on proprietary real-time industry data for homebuilders, launched by Constellation HomeBuilder Systems
  • BuilderMetrix for Excel
  • bliQ Platform
  • CORA Loyalty
  • Indiqator

Products and services

  • Premier Construction Software
  • Stella AI
  • BuilderMetrix for Excel
  • NX ERP Platform
  • Phoenix Core Banking System
  • Malauzai Digital Banking
  • Analyzer IQ
  • Enterprise Content Management (Banking)
  • Deem
  • DerbySoft
  • Synchronoss Technologies
  • Keypoint Intelligence
  • Symplicity Corporation
  • Indiqator
  • IronHQ
  • TECVIA Holding GmbH
  • Starkwood
  • Peakwork AG

Quantifiable outcome

  • 15% revenue growth in 2025
  • +3 more outcomes

Companies that use Constellation Software

Customer profile

Named customers5 records

Segments2 records

Ideal customer profiles5 records

Constellation Software technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed Yes

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Integration1 record

AI capability4 records

Feature3 records

Constellation Software partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Scale indicators8 records

Recent moves6 records

Expansion highlights5 records

Constellation Software competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Direct peers

  • Roper Technologies: US-listed acquirer of vertical market software and engineered products with a similar 'buy-and-hold-forever with high margins' model. The closest direct comparable in terms of strategy, recurring revenue mix, and capital allocation discipline.
  • HEICO: Acquisition-driven compounder that buys small, niche, market-leading businesses and holds them. Similar 'many small deals, decentralized operations, high margins' approach.
  • TransDigm Group: Acquires niche, mission-critical proprietary software/components businesses and applies aggressive pricing and operational discipline. Comparable decentralized acquisition flywheel and permanent-capital mindset.
  • MSCI Inc. Vertically specialized data and analytics provider with mission-critical, embedded workflows and high recurring revenue. Comparable in moat type (proprietary data, switching costs) though financial services-focused.
  • Lumine Group: TSXV-listed Constellation spin-out focused on communications and media vertical market software. Operates under the same acquisition and hold model within the CSI family.
  • Descartes Systems Group: Vertical market software and data provider for logistics and supply chain — a category with several Constellation assets (e.g., Modaxo transportation). Comparable mission-critical recurring revenue model.
  • Topicus.com: Constellation-originated operating group spun out as a separate TSXV-listed entity using the same buy-and-hold VMS playbook in Europe. Closest structural twin.

Broad incumbents

  • Thomson Reuters: Vertically specialized information and workflow software for legal, tax, regulatory, and media. Comparable embedded, regulated-vertical mission-critical software with high renewal rates.
  • Verisk Analytics: Vertically specialized data, analytics, and software for insurance and risk verticals. Comparable mission-critical, regulatory-embedded offering to certain CSI portfolio companies (e.g., insurance VMS).
  • Tyler Technologies: Large public-sector vertical market software specialist. Comparable in end-market focus (government/justice/public sector) and recurring revenue model, though a focused operator rather than a holding company.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat5 records

Key risks7 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

Constellation Software financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Constellation Software leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Profiles12 records

Constellation Software subsidiaries and ownership

Company hierarchy

Subsidiaries17 records

Constellation Software funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds4 records

Investors5 records

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Constellation Software M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A8 records

Investments1 record

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Constellation Software

What does Constellation Software do?

Constellation Software Inc. (TSX: CSU) is the leading international provider of software and services to public and private sector industries, operating through a decentralized buy-and-hold model. The company acquires and supports vertical market software (VMS) businesses for the long term across nine operating groups—Harris, Volaris, Jonas, Topicus, Perseus, Vela, Lumine, Modaxo, and Andromeda—managing over 1,100 software businesses serving 150,000+ customers in 160+ countries. Revenue is primarily derived from software licenses, maintenance contracts, and subscription-based arrangements with associated professional services across public sector, healthcare, utilities, insurance, construction, travel, telecom, and education verticals.

Is Constellation Software a public or private company?

Constellation Software is a public company. It is classified as public and is currently operating.

When was Constellation Software founded?

Constellation Software was founded in 1995. It employs 5,001 to 10,000 people.

Where is Constellation Software based?

Constellation Software is headquartered in Toronto, Canada, in the North America region.

How does Constellation Software make money?

Two revenue lines are on record. Software Licenses and Subscriptions are the primary driver. The others are professional Services and Support.

Who are Constellation Software's main competitors?

Direct peers on record are Roper Technologies, HEICO, TransDigm Group, MSCI Inc., Lumine Group, Descartes Systems Group and Topicus.com. Broad incumbents are Thomson Reuters, Verisk Analytics and Tyler Technologies.

Does Constellation Software have an API?

No public API is recorded for Constellation Software.

What industry is Constellation Software in?

Constellation Software's product category is Vertical Market Software (VMS). Its primary akta.pro industry code is BPAAACAC, Software/Application Support (SaaS, Enterprise Apps), with a secondary code of FSABACAJ, Technology, Software & IT Services. Its NAICS code is 51321 and its SIC code is 7370.

Unlock the full company data

50 free credits on sign-up, no credit card required.

Contact sales
Live signals
MarketWatchConstellation Software Inc. stock rises Friday, outperforms marketConstellation Software Inc. shares closed 26.4% below its 52-week high of C$4,081.71, which was reached on October 14th. Trading volume of 40,806 shares fell below the 50-day average of 59,571.Ticker ReportConstellation Software Inc. (OTCMKTS:CNSWF) Stock Rated “Buy” by Sell-Side AnalystsConstellation Software shares received an average "Buy" rating from eight analysts, with six buys, one hold, and one strong buy. The company reported Q2 EPS of $28.70, beating estimates of $27.81, and revenue of $3.33 billion. Analysts expect 119.33 EPS for the current year.MarketWatchConstellation Software Inc. stock rises Thursday, outperforms marketConstellation Software Inc. shares rose Thursday, outperforming the market. The stock closed 28.7% below its 52-week high of C$4,081.71, which the company reached on October 14th.MarketWatchConstellation Software Inc. stock outperforms market despite losses on the dayConstellation Software Inc. shares fell 1.65% to C$2,901.98 on Wednesday, outperforming the TSX Composite's 1.70% drop. The stock closed 28.9% below its 52-week high of C$4,081.71, set on October 14th.Markets DailyConstellation Software Inc. (TSE:CSU) Stock Has Average Target Price of C$3,884.40Constellation Software has an average analyst rating of Moderate Buy with a C$3,884.40 target price. Insiders sold shares, including a 1,200-share sale by John Edward Billowits. The company announced a quarterly dividend of $1.00 payable October 9th.Markets DailyCritical Review: Constellation Software (OTCMKTS:CNSWF) versus Versus Systems (NASDAQ:VS)Constellation Software beats Versus Systems on 11 of 14 factors, including profitability and analyst ratings. Versus Systems has a beta of 1.36 and negative net margins, while Constellation Software has a beta of 1 and positive margins. Constellation Software's revenue is $11.62 billion versus $2.18 million for Versus Systems.MarketWatchConstellation Software Inc. stock falls Tuesday, underperforms marketConstellation Software Inc. shares fell Tuesday, closing 27.7% below its 52-week high of C$4,081.71, which was reached on October 14th. The stock underperformed the market, with the company's shares down 1.20% while the market rose 0.37%.MarketWatchConstellation Software Inc. stock rises Monday, outperforms marketConstellation Software Inc. shares rose Monday, outperforming the market. The stock closed 27.3% below its 52-week high of C$4,110, which was reached on October 6th.LA NACIONSe vendió la histórica empresa argentina de sofware de gestiónAxoft Argentina, developer of Tango Software, was acquired by Vela LatAm, a subsidiary of Canadian group Constellation Software. The deal, amount undisclosed, marks Vela LatAm's entry into Argentina, with Axoft retaining independence, brand, and leadership. Constellation's portfolio includes over 1,000 software companies.American Banking and Market NewsComparing Brand Engagement Network (NASDAQ:BNAI) & Constellation Software (OTCMKTS:CNSWF)Constellation Software and Brand Engagement Network are compared on profitability, valuation, risk, and analyst ratings. Constellation Software has higher revenue and earnings, while Brand Engagement Network is cheaper on a P/E basis. Constellation Software beats Brand Engagement Network on 11 of 14 factors.