Theo
Theo is a New York-based institutional tokenization platform issuing yield-bearing onchain U.S. Treasuries (thBILL), gold (thGOLD), and a gold-backed delta-neutral yield stablecoin (thUSD) to retail, crypto-native, and institutional investors globally, backed by Standard Chartered, Wellington Management, and FundBridge Capital.
- Company typePrivate
- Founded2025
- HeadquartersNew York, United States
- Headcount11–50
- GTM typeB2B and B2C
- OfferingSoftware
What Theo does
Theo is a New York-based institutional tokenization platform founded in 2024–2025 that issues yield-bearing onchain representations of real-world assets, specifically U.S. Treasuries (thBILL), gold (thGOLD), and a gold-backed yield-bearing stablecoin (thUSD with its staked variant sthUSD). The architecture pairs in-house financial engineering — most notably a delta-neutral carry trade on physical gold hedged 1:1 with short CME gold futures and posted T-bill margin — with a multi-jurisdictional institutional stack: Standard Chartered's Libeara provides tokenization infrastructure and custody, Wellington Management sub-manages the underlying ULTRA Treasury fund, FundBridge Capital operates the MAS-regulated MG999 On-Chain Gold Fund under the Delta Master Trust, Lloyd's of London insures the leased gold, and CME-cleared futures carry CFTC segregation at a U.S. regulated FCM. Tokens are deployed natively across Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, HyperEVM, and Stablechain with LayerZero cross-chain bridging (4/4 DVN verification) and are composed into 15+ DeFi venues (Morpho, Pendle, Uniswap v4, Hyperliquid, Concrete).
Theo's business model is AUM- and spread-based: it retains a fee spread on yield generated across the tokenized product suite (sthUSD delivers ~5.4% APY net of all fees against an internal 2025 backtest of ~8.27% APR), supplemented by execution and redemption fees routed through the Zodia Markets partnership (30–50% lower institutional transaction cost) and integration/licensing economics from third-party vaults such as StableEarn on Morpho. Go-to-market runs in parallel: a self-serve, wallet-based retail product on app.theo.xyz (no minimums, no lockups, available in 200+ countries) and a high-touch institutional sales motion backed by KYC-gated minting, dedicated institutional pages, and named anchors including Standard Chartered, Wellington Management, FundBridge Capital, and Zodia Markets. As of the latest disclosure, Theo reports $221M+ TVL, $1B+ cumulative trading volume, 80,000+ active users across 60+ countries, and is targeting $1B in thUSD deposits by year-end 2026.
Theo firmographics
Firmographics- Name
- Theo
- Legal name
- Theo
- Website
- https://theo.xyz
- Company type
- Private
- Founded year
- 2025
- Operating status
- Operating
- Headcount range
- 11–50 employees
- Short description
- Theo is a New York-based institutional tokenization platform issuing yield-bearing onchain U.S. Treasuries (thBILL), gold (thGOLD), and a gold-backed delta-neutral yield stablecoin (thUSD) to retail, crypto-native, and institutional investors globally, backed by Standard Chartered, Wellington Management, and FundBridge Capital.
- Ownership category
- akta.pro rank
Where Theo is headquartered
LocationHeadquarters
- HQ city
- New York
- HQ country
- United States
- HQ region
- North America
Offices1 record
Markets served
Theo business model
Business model- GTM type
- B2B and B2C
- Offering type
- Software
- Cost components
- Personnel, Technology or R&D, Operations, Infrastructure, Marketing or Sales
Revenue model
- Tokenized product yield spread / protocol fees: Revenue is generated on yield-bearing tokenized products (thBILL, thGOLD, thUSD/sthUSD). Stakers receive approximately 5.4% APY net of execution, custody, insurance, and protocol fees — implying Theo retains a fee spread on assets under management across the thBILL/thGOLD/thUSD suite. AUM-based economics driven by TVL (over $221M across products).
- Custody, redemption, and execution fees: Zodia Markets execution partnership reduces transaction costs by approximately 30–50% for institutional minting/redeeming of thBILL using USDC or USDT. Execution routing and KYC-gated redemptions imply per-transaction and execution-fee revenue on institutional flows.
- Distribution and licensing to integrated protocols: Tho's RWA products (thBILL, thGOLD, sthUSD) are composed into third-party vaults such as StableEarn on Morpho and Concrete-powered Genesis Vault, generating yield distribution / integration revenue across 15+ DeFi venues.
Pricing tiers
| Model | Billing | Price |
|---|---|---|
| Outcome Based/ Performance | Pay-as-you-go | thUSD / sthUSD — yield-bearing stablecoin, ~5.4% APY net of all fees |
| Outcome Based/ Performance | Pay-as-you-go | thGOLD — yield-bearing tokenized gold, ~2% annual yield |
| Outcome Based/ Performance | Pay-as-you-go | thBILL — tokenized short-duration U.S. Treasury exposure (ULTRA fund, AAA/S1+) |
Go-to-market motion4 records
Theo product offering
Product offeringCore offering
Theo builds and operates an institutional-grade tokenization platform that issues composable, multi-chain tokenized real-world asset products — thBILL (short-duration U.S. Treasuries), thGOLD (yield-bearing physical gold), thUSD (a yield-bearing stablecoin backed by a delta-neutral gold carry strategy), and sthUSD (the staked yield-bearing variant). Products are deployed across Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, HyperEVM, and Stablechain with LayerZero cross-chain bridging and integrate natively with Morpho, Pendle, Uniswap, and Hyperliquid. The platform serves both retail crypto-native users via a self-serve app and institutional allocators via a dedicated Typeform inbound with KYC-gated minting, regulated custody at Standard Chartered, and execution routed through Zodia Markets.
Product overview
Theo is a unified institutional-grade tokenization platform — a single architecture rather than a collection of siloed products — that connects onchain capital to global financial markets through three composable RWA products sharing common infrastructure (Libeara tokenization, Standard Chartered custody, Wellington Management asset management, FundBridge Capital fund operations, and integrated market making by SIG, Flowdesk, and Amber). thBILL tokenizes short-duration U.S. Treasuries, thGOLD tokenizes yield-bearing gold exposure, and thUSD combines thGOLD with a CME gold futures short leg into a delta-neutral yield-bearing stablecoin (with sthUSD as its staked, yield-earning variant). The portfolio is deployed across Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, HyperEVM, and Stable, with 15+ DeFi integrations (Morpho, Pendle, Hyperliquid, Uniswap), LayerZero cross-chain bridging, and over $221M in TVL serving 80,000+ users across 60+ countries.
Differentiator
Problem solved
Functional benefit
Brands
- thBILL: Institutional-grade tokenized U.S. Treasury money market fund, backed by the ULTRA fund managed by Wellington Management, with tokenization infrastructure from Standard Chartered's Libeara and operations by FundBridge Capital.
- thGOLD
- thUSD
- sthUSD
Products and services
- thUSD Yield-bearing stablecoin pegged to the US dollar, backed by a long thGOLD position hedged 1:1 with short CME gold futures in a delta-neutral gold carry strategy. Yield derives from gold futures basis capture plus thGOLD lending; the structure has historically delivered ~5.4% APY (~8.27% in 2025 internal backtest) with no negative months. Public minting is open 1:1 with USDC or USDT across Ethereum, Arbitrum, and Stablechain.
- thBILL Tokenized institutional money market fund providing onchain exposure to short-duration U.S. Treasuries via Wellington Management's ULTRA fund. Underlying fund is AAA-rated by Particula with S&P AAf/S1+ rating, custodied at Standard Chartered, KPMG-audited, and supported by Libeara's tokenization infrastructure. Live on Ethereum, Base, Arbitrum, and HyperEVM with 15+ DeFi integrations, integrated market making from SIG/Flowdesk/Amber, and mint/redeem support for both USDC and USDT via Zodia Markets.
- thGOLD Yield-bearing tokenized gold product that tracks the MG999 On-Chain Gold Fund (operated by FundBridge Capital, tokenized by Libeara, a Standard Chartered subsidiary). Generates ~2% annual yield by lending physical gold to established retailers (initial borrower: Mustafa Gold in Singapore), with a 20% first-loss buffer and security over gold inventory. Listed across Hyperliquid, Uniswap, Morpho, and Pendle; serves as the long leg of thUSD's delta-neutral structure.
- sthUSD Staked version of thUSD; staking is how holders participate in the gold carry strategy and receive the ~5.4% net APY from the three yield streams (physical gold lease, CME futures basis, T-bill margin collateral). thUSD is the liquid dollar-denominated asset backed by cash equivalents and T-bills, while sthUSD captures the strategy's carry yield.
Quantifiable outcome
- thUSD core strategy averaged 8.27% APR throughout 2025 with positive yield every single month
- +9 more outcomes
Companies that use Theo
Customer profileSegments5 records
Ideal customer profiles5 records
Theo technology and API
TechnologyTechnology focussed Yes
API detail
- Has API
- No
- API docs
- API detail
Core technology
AI maturity
App detail
Integration10 records
Feature6 records
Theo partnerships and signals
Strategic signalPartnerships
22 partnerships are on record, tiered flagship, core and minor.
- Stable (Stable.xyz)flagshipStable is a Layer-1 blockchain designed for stablecoins, backed by Bitfinex, Hack VC, Franklin Templeton, PayPal Ventures, and others. Stable and Theo jointly committed over $100M to ULTRA and launched StableEarn on Morpho, a curated USDT yield vault that integrates thBILL, thGOLD, and thUSD with risk parameters curated by Gauntlet. USDT-native gas, sub-second finality.
- LayerZerocoreLayerZero powers cross-chain bridging for thUSD (live on Ethereum, Arbitrum, and Stablechain). Theo's overall architecture uses 4/4 DVN verification on bridges.
- Zodia MarketsflagshipZodia Markets (institutional digital asset brokerage backed by Standard Chartered) is Theo's execution partner for trades into and out of ULTRA. Integration enables thBILL mint/redeem using USDC or USDT and reduces institutional execution costs by approximately 30–50%.
- ConcretecoreConcrete.xyz powers the Genesis Vault for the thUSD pre-deposit program. Deposits accepted in USDC and thBILL on Ethereum, Arbitrum, and Stable.
- Mustafa GoldcoreSingapore-based Mustafa Gold, one of Asia's largest and longest-standing gold retailers with $550M in annual revenue, is the initial (and primary) borrower in the MG999 On-Chain Gold Fund. Mustafa Gold borrows physical gold inventory from the fund and pays interest, generating the gold-denominated yield underlying thGOLD and thUSD.
- Redbelly NetworkminorRedbelly Network serves as the settlement layer for the ULTRA tokenised Treasury fund (thBILL), securing a $100M institutional allocation into ULTRA.
- Standard Chartered's LibearaflagshipLibeara is Standard Chartered's tokenization platform that provides regulatory expertise and banking/tokenization infrastructure for Theo's products. Libeara's digital infrastructure supports more than $1 billion in compliant tokenized assets globally. Libeara powers the issuance and tokenization layer underlying thBILL and the MG999 On-Chain Gold Fund backing thGOLD/thUSD. Continued relationship beyond thBILL extends into thGOLD and thUSD infrastructure.
- Wellington ManagementflagshipWellington Management sub-manages the underlying U.S. Treasury strategy (ULTRA fund) backing thBILL and provides ongoing NAV on the T-bill leg used as collateral in the sthUSD delta-neutral strategy. Wellington manages more than US$1.3 trillion as of 30 September 2025.
- FundBridge CapitalcoreMAS-regulated FundBridge Capital operates the MG999 On-Chain Gold Fund that underpins thGOLD and thUSD, and is the fund manager for the Delta Master Trust sub-fund holding the gold leg of the sthUSD strategy. Established in 2017 and regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
- MorphocoreDeFi lending protocol hosting multiple Theo integrations: thBILL, thGOLD, and sthUSD are usable as collateral on Morpho, and StableEarn is built as a curated vault on Morpho.
- HyperliquidcoreHyperliquid hosts thBILL and thGOLD perpetuals and is integrated as a trading venue. Cited as evidence of public blockchain infrastructure supporting institutional-scale throughput.
- UniswapcoreUniswap v4 hosts thUSD/USDC pool (seeded at launch); thGOLD listed for trading. Theo executes market making across Uniswap as part of its multi-venue distribution.
- GauntletcoreGauntlet curates risk parameters for the StableEarn Morpho vault that distributes Theo's RWA yield to USDT holders.
- SIG (Susquehanna International Group)coreIntegrated market maker providing liquidity for thBILL across spot and perpetual markets.
- FlowdeskcoreIntegrated market maker providing liquidity for thBILL across spot and perpetual markets.
- Amber GroupcoreIntegrated market maker providing liquidity for thBILL across spot and perpetual markets; also a participating investor in the Series A round.
- Lloyd's of LondoncoreLloyd's of London provides insurance and reinsurance on leased gold held by the MG999 fund that backs thUSD. The fund is named as beneficiary.
- Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)flagshipCME is the venue for short gold futures that hedge the thUSD/sthUSD long gold position. CME-cleared, CFTC-segregated futures customer funds at a US-regulated Fortune-500 FCM. CME gold futures traded $18.3T in 2025 with $247.7B average open interest.
- Standard Chartered Bank (custody)flagshipStandard Chartered provides custody for the underlying ULTRA portfolio backing thBILL, gold-side attestation for the MG999 fund backing thUSD/sthUSD, and banking services within the institutional stack.
- VistraminorVistra serves as fund administrator for the MG999 sub-fund of the Delta Master Trust.
- ZellicminorZellic is one of the named independent auditors covering thUSD, the thUSD Minter, and sthUSD, with no critical or high-severity findings.
- ZenithminorZenith is one of the named independent auditors covering thUSD, the thUSD Minter, and sthUSD.
Scale indicators14 records
Recent moves7 records
Expansion highlights6 records
Theo competitors and assessment
Company assessmentOthers
- Stable (Stable.xyz): Stable is Theo's strategic partner Layer-1 blockchain designed for stablecoins, backed by PayPal Ventures and Franklin Templeton. Compares as ecosystem/infrastructure partner rather than competitor; powers Theo's StableEarn USDT yield product.
Direct peers
- Ondo Finance: Ondo is the leading tokenized U.S. Treasury and RWA yield platform with OUSG/USDY products and similar institutional-grade partnerships (BlackRock BUIDL integration). Directly comparable to Theo's thBILL and broader RWA tokenization thesis.
- Ethena Labs: Ethena's USDe is a delta-neutral yield-bearing synthetic dollar using crypto-collateral and short perp funding; comparable mechanism to Theo's thUSD but sourced from crypto markets rather than gold derivatives. Closest direct competitor in yield-bearing stablecoins.
- Securitize: Securitize is an institutional tokenization platform offering end-to-end issuance, compliance, and on-chain transfer agent services for tokenized funds and RWAs. Overlaps with Theo's institutional stack and target institutional customer base.
- Centrifuge: Centrifuge tokenizes real-world assets (receivables, invoices, real estate) for on-chain lending markets via its Tinlake protocol. Comparable RWA tokenization model targeting institutional yield, though with different underlying asset classes.
- Maple Finance: Maple is an institutional on-chain credit marketplace offering yield via tokenized lending markets (syrupUSDC). Comparable institutional yield product offering with overlapping DeFi integration footprint.
- Mountain Protocol: Mountain Protocol offers a yield-bearing tokenized gold product (USDM backed by tokenized gold) with a similar yield-from-gold-leasing model to Theo's thGOLD, though at smaller scale and different regulatory framework.
Broad incumbents
- Paxos: Paxos issues regulated stablecoins (USDP, PAXG tokenized gold) and provides tokenization infrastructure for institutional clients (PayPal's PYUSD). Overlaps with Theo's regulated tokenization and gold exposure, but with broader product portfolio.
- Sky/MakerDAO: Sky (formerly MakerDAO) operates the DAI/SKY stablecoin backed by tokenized RWAs including U.S. Treasuries; comparable institutional RWA allocation at massive scale ($4B+ Treasuries). Broader DeFi incumbent with tokenized RWA strategy.
Emerging players
- Plume Network: Plume is an emerging RWA-focused Layer-2 blockchain with growing tokenized RWA ecosystem including tokenized treasuries and yield products. Comparable early-stage RWA infrastructure thesis targeting similar institutional and DeFi-native users.
Market position
Strengths5 records
Weaknesses5 records
Competitive moat5 records
Key risks7 records
Key highlights7 records
Customer concentration
Theo social profiles
Digital presenceTheo compliance and trust
Trust signalCompliance5 records
Theo financial estimates
Financial estimateRevenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Theo leadership team
Management profileNumber of profiles
Profiles4 records
Theo funding detail
Funding detailFunding overview
Funding rounds4 records
Investors10 records
Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Theo M&A and investment
M&A and investmentM&A
Investments
M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Frequently asked questions about Theo
What does Theo do?
Theo builds and operates an institutional-grade tokenization platform that issues composable, multi-chain tokenized real-world asset products — thBILL (short-duration U.S. Treasuries), thGOLD (yield-bearing physical gold), thUSD (a yield-bearing stablecoin backed by a delta-neutral gold carry strategy), and sthUSD (the staked yield-bearing variant). Products are deployed across Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, HyperEVM, and Stablechain with LayerZero cross-chain bridging and integrate natively with Morpho, Pendle, Uniswap, and Hyperliquid. The platform serves both retail crypto-native users via a self-serve app and institutional allocators via a dedicated Typeform inbound with KYC-gated minting, regulated custody at Standard Chartered, and execution routed through Zodia Markets.
Is Theo a public or private company?
Theo is a private company. It is classified as venture growth investor backed and is currently operating.
When was Theo founded?
Theo was founded in 2025. It employs 11 to 50 people.
Where is Theo based?
Theo is headquartered in New York, United States, in the North America region.
How does Theo make money?
Three revenue lines are on record. Tokenized product yield spread / protocol fees are the primary driver. The others are custody, redemption, and execution fees and distribution and licensing to integrated protocols.
Who are Theo's main competitors?
Stable (Stable.xyz) is listed as an others. Direct peers are Ondo Finance, Ethena Labs, Securitize, Centrifuge, Maple Finance and Mountain Protocol. Broad incumbents are Paxos and Sky/MakerDAO. Plume Network is listed as an emerging player.
Does Theo have an API?
No public API is recorded for Theo.