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Opyn

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uuid0000i44

Namestring
Opyn
Legal namestring
Opyn Inc.
Websiteurl
opyn.co
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
2021
Descriptiontext

Opyn (Opyn Inc.) is a venture-backed Ethereum DeFi protocol operating a permissionless perpetual trading ecosystem called Opyn Markets, branded 'Uniswap, but for perps.' The platform is built on top of Uniswap Pools and allows any user to deploy a perpetual trading market on any ERC-20 pair without permission, with on-chain portfolio margin and automated market-making vaults (Flo) for passive liquidity provision. Opyn's flagship product is Power Perpetuals, a novel derivatives family indexed to a power of an underlying asset price (p-perps): Squeeth (p=2) provides options-like exposure without strikes or expiries and is used by options market makers as a gamma hedge; Sqrth (p=0.5) is being developed as a perfect hedge for Uniswap LP positions; Variance Perpetuals extend the framework to realized volatility exposure.

The protocol has processed over $16 billion in total notional volume and supports a wide range of pairs (BTC, ETH, LINK, UNI, DAI, ARB, MKR, GRT, GNO, LDO, CRV, COMP, GMX) with collateral integrations into MakerDAO (DAI/MKR) and Lido (stETH). Revenue is generated through trading fees captured on Flo vault liquidity provision and vault collateral management operations, with no explicit pricing tiers disclosed. Go-to-market is fully product-led and community-led: a self-serve wallet-connected web interface, a Discord channel, @opyn_ Twitter presence, an Opyn Research publication portal, and a $1,000,000 bug bounty program via Sherlock.

The company is backed by tier-1 crypto-native investors including Paradigm (lead of the $6.7M Series 2 in February 2021), Dragonfly (lead of the $2.16M Series 1 in June 2020), Coinbase Ventures, VersionOne, Uncorrelated, Robot Ventures, 1kx, Coinfund, and A Capital Partners, with cumulative disclosed funding of approximately $9.11M across three rounds. Opyn was founded in 2019, is headquartered in San Francisco, and operates with an 11–50 person team that includes researchers Joe Clark, Andrew Leone, Dan Robinson, Dave White, Zubin Koticha, Alexis Gauba, and co-founder Aparna Krishnan.

Short descriptiontext

Opyn is an Ethereum-based DeFi protocol offering Opyn Markets, a permissionless perpetual trading ecosystem built on Uniswap Pools, and Power Perpetuals (Squeeth, Sqrth, Variance Perps) for crypto traders, Uniswap LPs, and options market makers.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
Headcount rangeband
11–50
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersSan Francisco, United States
HQ citystring
San Francisco
HQ countrystring
United States
HQ regionstring
North America
Markets served

Serves global market

Keyword5 values
decentralized derivatives protocol, perpetual futures trading, power perpetual derivatives, defi options exposure, ethereum smart contracts
Industry3 codes
1Perpetuals & Derivatives DEXs
CodeFSADABAEPrimaryYes
2Derivatives Trading Venues (perps, futures, options)
CodeFSAPADAEPrimaryNo
3Decentralized Derivatives (perps, options, futures, synthetics)
CodeFSAPAEACPrimaryNo
NAICS code1 code
  • Securities and Commodity Exchanges52321
SIC code2 codes
  • Security & Commodity Brokers, Dealers, Exchanges & Services6200
  • Commodity Contracts Brokers & Dealers6221
Product category
Decentralized Derivatives Trading
Social media profiles1 record
GTM motion2 records

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

Revenue model2 records
1Trading Fees
TypeTransaction Fee
Description

Liquidity providers in Flo vaults earn fees from every perp trade executed on the platform. Fee revenue from permissionless market making across all deployed perp markets.

opyn.co
2Vault Collateral Management
TypeTransaction Fee
Description

Revenue generated from vault operations where users lock collateral to mint power perpetuals or provide liquidity.

opyn.co
Marketing channels4 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels2 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

Cost components5 values
Technology or R&D, Personnel, Operations, Infrastructure, Marketing or Sales
GTM typeB2C
B2C
Offering typeSoftware
Software
Brand1 of 3 records shown
1Squeeth
Description

Squeeth (squared ETH) is the first quadratic power perpetual (2-perp) tokenized on Ethereum. It provides pure exposure to the quadratic component of price risk and can be used as a hedge for options and Uniswap LP positions.

research.opyn.co
+2 more records
Core offering1 text field

Opyn operates a permissionless perpetual trading ecosystem on Ethereum (Opyn Markets), built on top of Uniswap Pools, allowing anyone to deploy perp trading markets on any pair of ERC-20 tokens. The platform supports linear, stable, and option-like perpetuals including the proprietary Squeeth (quadratic power perpetual / ETH²) and offers on-chain portfolio margin with automated market making vaults (Flo).

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Quantifiable outcome1 value
  • $16b+ total notional volume
Product overview1 text field

Opyn is a DeFi protocol building a suite of perpetual derivatives products. Its flagship product, Opyn Markets, is a permissionless perpetual trading ecosystem — 'Uniswap, but for perps' — that enables anyone to deploy perp markets on any ERC-20 pair. The core innovation is Power Perpetuals, a family of perpetual derivatives indexed to a power of an underlying asset price (p-perps): p=0 is a stablecoin, p=1 is a linear future, p=2 is Squeeth (the quadratic power perpetual providing options-like exposure), and p=0.5 is Sqrth (designed as a hedge for Uniswap LP positions). Opyn also offers Variance Perpetuals (built from quadratic power perps for volatility exposure), and an automated market-making vault called Flo. Opyn Research publishes the underlying financial and mathematical research underpinning all products.

Product and service5 records
1Opyn Markets
CategoryDecentralized derivatives exchange
Description

Permissionless perpetual trading ecosystem on Ethereum, built on top of Uniswap Pools. Enables anyone to deploy perp markets on any ERC-20 pair and supports linear, stable, and option-like perpetuals with on-chain portfolio margin.

2Squeeth (ETH² Power Perpetual)
CategoryDeFi derivatives token
Description

First quadratic power perpetual (2-perp) tokenized on Ethereum, providing exposure to ETH² (the square of ETH price). Offers options-like positive gamma exposure without strikes or expiries and serves as a hedge for options market makers and Uniswap/AMM LP positions.

3Flo
CategoryAutomated market making vault
Description

Automated market making vault within Opyn Markets that lets anyone passively provide liquidity and earn fees on every perp trade executed across the platform's perp markets.

4Variance Perpetuals
CategoryDeFi volatility derivative
Description

Derivative constructed using a quadratic power perpetual (Squeeth) combined with a short delta hedge, providing exposure to realized volatility comparable to a fixed-expiry variance swap but without a fixed period and with lower sensitivity to skew.

5Power Perpetuals
CategoryDeFi derivatives family
Description

Family of perpetual derivatives indexed to a power (p) of an underlying asset price. p=0 corresponds to a stablecoin, p=1 to a linear future, p=2 to Squeeth (quadratic perpetual), and p=0.5 to Sqrth (square-root perpetual). Provides global options-like exposure without strikes or expiries.

Scale indicator1 record

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Partnership1 partner
Strategic tierCoreTypeTechnology or Integration
Description

Opyn Markets built on top of Uniswap Pools. Platform tagline 'Uniswap, but for perps' reflects deep integration with Uniswap's AMM infrastructure.

Recent move6 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight6 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers10 records
TypeDirect peer
Description

Decentralized perpetual futures exchange with an order-book model on its own appchain. Directly comparable to Opyn Markets as a permissionless perp DEX serving crypto traders with leverage, though dYdX focuses on linear perps rather than power/variance perpetuals.

2GMX
TypeDirect peer
Description

Decentralized perpetual exchange on Arbitrum/Avalanche using a multi-asset liquidity pool model. Closest architectural analog to Opyn's Uniswap-pool-based design, and one of the highest-volume perp DEXs; competes directly for the same trader and LP segments.

TypeDirect peer
Description

High-performance decentralized perp exchange running on its own L1 with on-chain order book. Competes head-on with Opyn for trader liquidity and mindshare, with materially higher capital and recent volume.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Decentralized perpetual contract protocol (originally vAMM, now v2 on order-book-style design) on Ethereum/Cosmos. Direct perp DEX peer from the same DeFi generation as Opyn, targeting the same leveraged-trader segment.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Decentralized perpetual futures exchange on Solana with cross-margining and dynamic AMM. Competes for the same multi-chain DeFi perp trader base, with comparable emphasis on capital efficiency and a permissionless market structure.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Decentralized leveraged trading protocol (gTrade) offering perps on crypto, forex, and stocks using a synthetic architecture backed by DAI. Directly comparable as a DeFi-native perp venue, though with a different collateral design.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Cross-margin DeFi protocol offering spot, perpetuals, and money market on a central limit order book on Arbitrum. Competes directly with Opyn on cross-margined perp trading for sophisticated DeFi users.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Decentralized options and perpetuals exchange built on an off-chain order book with on-chain settlement. Comparable as a derivatives DEX serving sophisticated traders, and a particularly close peer given its focus on options-like structures alongside perps.

9MUX Protocol
TypeDirect peer
Description

Multi-chain leveraged trading protocol aggregating liquidity from multiple perp DEXs into a unified order book. Direct competitor in the DeFi perp space, with comparable emphasis on capital efficiency and cross-chain coverage.

TypeEmerging player
Description

DeFi structured products protocol offering options vaults and yield strategies. Comparable to Opyn in the on-chain options/derivatives space — both target sophisticated DeFi users seeking structured exposure — though Ribbon is vault-product-led rather than a generalized perp DEX.

Market position
Strengths4 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Weaknesses4 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat5 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights6 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Segment4 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Ideal customer profile3 records

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
Yes
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

Integration3 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Description, Source

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Feature7 records

Each record includes

Title, Differentiator, Description, Source

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Profiles1 record

Each record includes

Name, Designation, Designation category, Overview, Profile commentary, Source

No data
No data
Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds3 records

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors9 records

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Opyn

Decentralized Derivatives Tradingopyn.co

Opyn is an Ethereum-based DeFi protocol offering Opyn Markets, a permissionless perpetual trading ecosystem built on Uniswap Pools, and Power Perpetuals (Squeeth, Sqrth, Variance Perps) for crypto traders, Uniswap LPs, and options market makers.

What Opyn does

Opyn (Opyn Inc.) is a venture-backed Ethereum DeFi protocol operating a permissionless perpetual trading ecosystem called Opyn Markets, branded 'Uniswap, but for perps.' The platform is built on top of Uniswap Pools and allows any user to deploy a perpetual trading market on any ERC-20 pair without permission, with on-chain portfolio margin and automated market-making vaults (Flo) for passive liquidity provision. Opyn's flagship product is Power Perpetuals, a novel derivatives family indexed to a power of an underlying asset price (p-perps): Squeeth (p=2) provides options-like exposure without strikes or expiries and is used by options market makers as a gamma hedge; Sqrth (p=0.5) is being developed as a perfect hedge for Uniswap LP positions; Variance Perpetuals extend the framework to realized volatility exposure.

The protocol has processed over $16 billion in total notional volume and supports a wide range of pairs (BTC, ETH, LINK, UNI, DAI, ARB, MKR, GRT, GNO, LDO, CRV, COMP, GMX) with collateral integrations into MakerDAO (DAI/MKR) and Lido (stETH). Revenue is generated through trading fees captured on Flo vault liquidity provision and vault collateral management operations, with no explicit pricing tiers disclosed. Go-to-market is fully product-led and community-led: a self-serve wallet-connected web interface, a Discord channel, @opyn_ Twitter presence, an Opyn Research publication portal, and a $1,000,000 bug bounty program via Sherlock.

The company is backed by tier-1 crypto-native investors including Paradigm (lead of the $6.7M Series 2 in February 2021), Dragonfly (lead of the $2.16M Series 1 in June 2020), Coinbase Ventures, VersionOne, Uncorrelated, Robot Ventures, 1kx, Coinfund, and A Capital Partners, with cumulative disclosed funding of approximately $9.11M across three rounds. Opyn was founded in 2019, is headquartered in San Francisco, and operates with an 11–50 person team that includes researchers Joe Clark, Andrew Leone, Dan Robinson, Dave White, Zubin Koticha, Alexis Gauba, and co-founder Aparna Krishnan.

Opyn firmographics

Firmographics
Name
Opyn
Legal name
Opyn Inc.
Website
https://opyn.co
Company type
Private
Founded year
2021
Operating status
Operating
Headcount range
11–50 employees
Short description
Opyn is an Ethereum-based DeFi protocol offering Opyn Markets, a permissionless perpetual trading ecosystem built on Uniswap Pools, and Power Perpetuals (Squeeth, Sqrth, Variance Perps) for crypto traders, Uniswap LPs, and options market makers.
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

Opyn industry classification

Industry
Product category
Decentralized Derivatives Trading
NAICS
Securities and Commodity Exchanges (52321)
SIC
Security & Commodity Brokers, Dealers, Exchanges & Services (6200), Commodity Contracts Brokers & Dealers (6221)
akta.pro primary industry
Perpetuals & Derivatives DEXs (FSADABAE)
akta.pro secondary industries
Derivatives Trading Venues (perps, futures, options) (FSAPADAE), Decentralized Derivatives (perps, options, futures, synthetics) (FSAPAEAC)

Keywords

  • Decentralized derivatives protocol
  • Perpetual futures trading
  • Power perpetual derivatives
  • Defi options exposure
  • Ethereum smart contracts

Where Opyn is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
San Francisco
HQ country
United States
HQ region
North America

Markets served

Opyn business model

Business model
GTM type
B2C
Offering type
Software
Cost components
Technology or R&D, Personnel, Operations, Infrastructure, Marketing or Sales

Revenue model

  1. Trading Fees: Liquidity providers in Flo vaults earn fees from every perp trade executed on the platform. Fee revenue from permissionless market making across all deployed perp markets.
  2. Vault Collateral Management: Revenue generated from vault operations where users lock collateral to mint power perpetuals or provide liquidity.

Go-to-market motion2 records

Distribution channels2 records

Marketing channels4 records

Opyn product offering

Product offering

Core offering

Opyn operates a permissionless perpetual trading ecosystem on Ethereum (Opyn Markets), built on top of Uniswap Pools, allowing anyone to deploy perp trading markets on any pair of ERC-20 tokens. The platform supports linear, stable, and option-like perpetuals including the proprietary Squeeth (quadratic power perpetual / ETH²) and offers on-chain portfolio margin with automated market making vaults (Flo).

Product overview

Opyn is a DeFi protocol building a suite of perpetual derivatives products. Its flagship product, Opyn Markets, is a permissionless perpetual trading ecosystem — 'Uniswap, but for perps' — that enables anyone to deploy perp markets on any ERC-20 pair. The core innovation is Power Perpetuals, a family of perpetual derivatives indexed to a power of an underlying asset price (p-perps): p=0 is a stablecoin, p=1 is a linear future, p=2 is Squeeth (the quadratic power perpetual providing options-like exposure), and p=0.5 is Sqrth (designed as a hedge for Uniswap LP positions). Opyn also offers Variance Perpetuals (built from quadratic power perps for volatility exposure), and an automated market-making vault called Flo. Opyn Research publishes the underlying financial and mathematical research underpinning all products.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

  • Squeeth: Squeeth (squared ETH) is the first quadratic power perpetual (2-perp) tokenized on Ethereum. It provides pure exposure to the quadratic component of price risk and can be used as a hedge for options and Uniswap LP positions.
  • Flo
  • Variance Perpetuals

Products and services

  • Opyn Markets Permissionless perpetual trading ecosystem on Ethereum, built on top of Uniswap Pools. Enables anyone to deploy perp markets on any ERC-20 pair and supports linear, stable, and option-like perpetuals with on-chain portfolio margin.
  • Squeeth (ETH² Power Perpetual) First quadratic power perpetual (2-perp) tokenized on Ethereum, providing exposure to ETH² (the square of ETH price). Offers options-like positive gamma exposure without strikes or expiries and serves as a hedge for options market makers and Uniswap/AMM LP positions.
  • Flo Automated market making vault within Opyn Markets that lets anyone passively provide liquidity and earn fees on every perp trade executed across the platform's perp markets.
  • Variance Perpetuals Derivative constructed using a quadratic power perpetual (Squeeth) combined with a short delta hedge, providing exposure to realized volatility comparable to a fixed-expiry variance swap but without a fixed period and with lower sensitivity to skew.
  • Power Perpetuals Family of perpetual derivatives indexed to a power (p) of an underlying asset price. p=0 corresponds to a stablecoin, p=1 to a linear future, p=2 to Squeeth (quadratic perpetual), and p=0.5 to Sqrth (square-root perpetual). Provides global options-like exposure without strikes or expiries.

Quantifiable outcome

  • $16b+ total notional volume

Companies that use Opyn

Customer profile

Segments4 records

Ideal customer profiles3 records

Opyn technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed Yes

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Integration3 records

Feature7 records

Opyn partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Partnerships

One partnership is on record.

  • UniswapcoreTechnology or IntegrationOpyn Markets built on top of Uniswap Pools. Platform tagline 'Uniswap, but for perps' reflects deep integration with Uniswap's AMM infrastructure.

Scale indicators1 record

Recent moves6 records

Expansion highlights6 records

Opyn competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Direct peers

  • dYdX: Decentralized perpetual futures exchange with an order-book model on its own appchain. Directly comparable to Opyn Markets as a permissionless perp DEX serving crypto traders with leverage, though dYdX focuses on linear perps rather than power/variance perpetuals.
  • GMX: Decentralized perpetual exchange on Arbitrum/Avalanche using a multi-asset liquidity pool model. Closest architectural analog to Opyn's Uniswap-pool-based design, and one of the highest-volume perp DEXs; competes directly for the same trader and LP segments.
  • Hyperliquid: High-performance decentralized perp exchange running on its own L1 with on-chain order book. Competes head-on with Opyn for trader liquidity and mindshare, with materially higher capital and recent volume.
  • Perpetual Protocol: Decentralized perpetual contract protocol (originally vAMM, now v2 on order-book-style design) on Ethereum/Cosmos. Direct perp DEX peer from the same DeFi generation as Opyn, targeting the same leveraged-trader segment.
  • Drift Protocol: Decentralized perpetual futures exchange on Solana with cross-margining and dynamic AMM. Competes for the same multi-chain DeFi perp trader base, with comparable emphasis on capital efficiency and a permissionless market structure.
  • Gains Network (gTrade): Decentralized leveraged trading protocol (gTrade) offering perps on crypto, forex, and stocks using a synthetic architecture backed by DAI. Directly comparable as a DeFi-native perp venue, though with a different collateral design.
  • Vertex Protocol: Cross-margin DeFi protocol offering spot, perpetuals, and money market on a central limit order book on Arbitrum. Competes directly with Opyn on cross-margined perp trading for sophisticated DeFi users.
  • Aevo: Decentralized options and perpetuals exchange built on an off-chain order book with on-chain settlement. Comparable as a derivatives DEX serving sophisticated traders, and a particularly close peer given its focus on options-like structures alongside perps.
  • MUX Protocol: Multi-chain leveraged trading protocol aggregating liquidity from multiple perp DEXs into a unified order book. Direct competitor in the DeFi perp space, with comparable emphasis on capital efficiency and cross-chain coverage.

Emerging players

  • Ribbon Finance: DeFi structured products protocol offering options vaults and yield strategies. Comparable to Opyn in the on-chain options/derivatives space — both target sophisticated DeFi users seeking structured exposure — though Ribbon is vault-product-led rather than a generalized perp DEX.

Market position

Strengths4 records

Weaknesses4 records

Competitive moat5 records

Key risks5 records

Key highlights6 records

Customer concentration

Opyn social profiles

Digital presence

Opyn financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Opyn leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Profiles1 record

Opyn funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds3 records

Investors9 records

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Opyn M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Opyn

What does Opyn do?

Opyn operates a permissionless perpetual trading ecosystem on Ethereum (Opyn Markets), built on top of Uniswap Pools, allowing anyone to deploy perp trading markets on any pair of ERC-20 tokens. The platform supports linear, stable, and option-like perpetuals including the proprietary Squeeth (quadratic power perpetual / ETH²) and offers on-chain portfolio margin with automated market making vaults (Flo).

Is Opyn a public or private company?

Opyn is a private company. It is classified as venture growth investor backed and is currently operating.

When was Opyn founded?

Opyn was founded in 2021. It employs 11 to 50 people.

Where is Opyn based?

Opyn is headquartered in San Francisco, United States, in the North America region.

How does Opyn make money?

Two revenue lines are on record. Trading Fees are the primary driver. The others are vault Collateral Management.

Who are Opyn's main competitors?

Direct peers on record are dYdX, GMX, Hyperliquid, Perpetual Protocol, Drift Protocol, Gains Network (gTrade), Vertex Protocol, Aevo and MUX Protocol. Ribbon Finance is listed as an emerging player.

Does Opyn have an API?

No public API is recorded for Opyn.

What industry is Opyn in?

Opyn's product category is Decentralized Derivatives Trading. Its primary akta.pro industry code is FSADABAE, Perpetuals & Derivatives DEXs, with a secondary code of FSAPADAE, Derivatives Trading Venues (perps, futures, options). Its NAICS code is 52321 and its SIC code is 6200.

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Live signals
SettlemintDeFi use cases: Paving the way to a new financial worldThe article outlines the core use cases of Decentralized Finance (DeFi), including asset management, peer-to-peer lending, insurance claims, and digital identity, while highlighting its potential to replace traditional financial intermediaries. It identifies key risks such as blockchain vulnerabilities and the lack of global regulatory frameworks. Specific DeFi projects like Nexus Mutual, Opyn, and VouchForMe are mentioned as examples providing insurance coverage for cryptocurrency.BenzingaSEC's Gary Gensler Take Note — CFTC Now Claims To Be The 'Premium Enforcement Agency' In Crypto SphereThe Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced it has cemented its reputation as the premier enforcement agency in the digital asset space after initiating 47 enforcement actions related to digital asset commodities in fiscal year 2023, representing over 49% of its total enforcement actions. The regulatory body imposed penalties and restitutions exceeding $4.3 billion in these cases. Key enforcement targets included major crypto entities such as FTX, Binance, and Celsius Network, while the CFTC also settled charges against DeFi protocols Opyn, ZeroEx, and Deridex for allegedly offering illegal leveraged transactions.BenzingaCFTC Warns DeFi Investors Are Playing With FireIan McGinley, director of enforcement at the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, warned at a conference on Sept. 11 about the significant threats decentralized finance platforms pose to market integrity and investor protection. The CFTC has initiated approximately 115 digital asset-related enforcement matters resulting in over $4.3 billion in penalties, restitution and disgorgement, targeting platforms including Polymarket, Ooki DAO, Opyn, Deridex and ZeroEx for offering unregistered derivatives. McGinley emphasized the need for legislation to address regulatory gaps in the spot market for digital assets that fall outside securities classification.