Energy Singularity
Energy Singularity is a Shanghai-based fusion energy company founded in 2021 that builds compact all-HTS tokamaks and HTS magnet systems, operating the world's first all-high-temperature superconducting tokamak (HH70). It serves government research institutes and nuclear fusion programs via R&D services, magnet sales, and technology licensing.
- Company typePrivate
- Founded2021
- HeadquartersShanghai, China
- Headcount51–100
- GTM typeB2B
- OfferingHardware or Manufacturing
What Energy Singularity does
Energy Singularity (能量奇点能源科技（上海）有限公司) is a Shanghai-based commercial fusion energy company founded in 2021, focused on developing compact, high-field tokamaks built entirely on high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets as the fastest path to commercial fusion power. The company's core product portfolio centers on three devices: HH70 (洪荒70), the world's first all-HTS tokamak, which achieved first plasma in June 2024 and set a commercial fusion record of 1,337 seconds of steady-state plasma operation in February 2026; the Jingtian Magnet (经天磁体), a large-bore HTS D-shaped toroidal field magnet that holds the world record at 21.7 Tesla; and HH170 (洪荒170), a next-generation device targeting equivalent Q>2 energy gain, planned for completion in 2027. Underlying technology includes 26 HTS magnets with over 96% localization, a 26.7 Tesla cryogen-free HTS insulated magnet (a separate world record), and the proprietary Qimen AI plasma control system using deep learning for real-time sub-millisecond feedback control.
The company's revenue model is nascent and B2B-oriented, with three streams: fusion device R&D services, sale of HTS magnet systems, and technology licensing and consulting. Go-to-market is enterprise-direct, engaging government research institutions (primary customer), nuclear power research institutes, and — as a future target — state-owned power utilities and energy companies. The company has secured one visible named customer/strategic co-development partner, Southwestern Institute of Physics (SWIP), a CNNC-affiliated fusion research institute, alongside a manufacturing partnership with Shanghai Electric Nuclear Power Group and HTS tape supply from Shanghai Superconducting Technology. Pricing is not publicly disclosed and contract values are not reported.
The company is led by a Stanford- and Princeton-trained founding team (CEO Yang Zhao, plasma physics lead Dong Ge, COO Ye Yuming from Tsinghua, and HTS magnet lead Li Zhuyong), with 190+ team members recruited from top global universities. It has raised approximately RMB 800 million (~$110 million) across a 2022 seed round (led by miHoYo and NIO Capital with Sequoia China and BlueRun Ventures) and a 2023 Pre-A round (ENLIGHTENMENT, miHoYo, Yunhe Partners, Heimen Equity Fund). Energy Singularity is the only Chinese private fusion company featured in consecutive IAEA World Fusion Outlook reports (2024 and 2025), and was selected by China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology as the sole representative in the controlled nuclear fusion field for 2024 future industry innovation cases. Commercial fusion power is targeted by 2035.
Energy Singularity firmographics
Firmographics- Name
- Energy Singularity
- Legal name
- 能量奇点能源科技（上海）有限公司
- Website
- https://www.energysingularity.cn/en/
- Company type
- Private
- Founded year
- 2021
- Operating status
- Operating
- Headcount range
- 51–100 employees
- Short description
- Energy Singularity is a Shanghai-based fusion energy company founded in 2021 that builds compact all-HTS tokamaks and HTS magnet systems, operating the world's first all-high-temperature superconducting tokamak (HH70). It serves government research institutes and nuclear fusion programs via R&D services, magnet sales, and technology licensing.
- Ownership category
- akta.pro rank
Energy Singularity industry classification
Industry- Product category
- Fusion Energy Technology
- NAICS
- Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing (334416), Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing (3336)
- SIC
- Electronic Coils, Transformers & Other Inductors (3677), Instruments For Meas & Testing Of Electricity & Elec Signals (3825)
- akta.pro primary industry
- Gen IV / Advanced Reactor Systems (SFR, LFR, GFR, MSR, HTGR, Microreactors) (EUAKADAC)
- akta.pro secondary industries
- Mechanical, Electrical & Piping Installation (MEP) (EUAKAAAG), Component Qualification, Testing & Certification (Seismic, Environmental, EMI/EMC) (EUAKADAO)
Keywords
Where Energy Singularity is headquartered
LocationHeadquarters
- HQ city
- Shanghai
- HQ country
- China
- HQ region
- Asia
Offices1 record
Markets served
Energy Singularity business model
Business model- GTM type
- B2B
- Offering type
- Hardware or Manufacturing
- Cost components
- Personnel, Technology or R&D, Infrastructure, Supply Chain, Operations
Revenue model
- Fusion Device Research and Development Services: Providing R&D services for fusion experimental devices to research institutions and government entities. This includes design, construction, and commissioning of tokamak devices and subsystems.
- High-Temperature Superconducting Magnet Systems: Sale of HTS magnet systems including the Jingtian Magnet and custom magnets for fusion applications. The company has started providing magnet products and technical services to customers.
- Technology Licensing and Consulting: Licensing of proprietary technologies and providing technical consulting services for fusion energy development. The company offers expertise in HTS tokamak design, plasma control, and magnet technology.
Go-to-market motion2 records
Distribution channels1 record
Marketing channels4 records
Energy Singularity product offering
Product offeringCore offering
Energy Singularity designs, develops, and manufactures high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tokamak devices and magnet systems for controlled nuclear fusion. It provides integrated solutions including tokamak整机 (complete machines), subsystems, and key components for fusion experimental reactors and future fusion power plants, covering design, R&D, construction, testing, and operations/maintenance services.
Product overview
Energy Singularity is a world-leading commercial fusion energy company offering integrated HTS tokamak solutions. The product portfolio centers on three core tokamak devices (HH70, HH170) and key magnet components (Jingtian Magnet, Qimen System), providing design, R&D, construction, testing and operational services for fusion experimental reactors and future fusion power plants. The HH70 is the world's first all-HTS tokamak achieving first plasma in 2024, while the Jingtian Magnet holds world records for large-bore HTS magnet field strength. The proprietary Qimen AI system enables real-time plasma feedback control, and the company is developing the next-generation HH170 targeting Q>2 energy gain by 2027.
Differentiator
Problem solved
Functional benefit
Products and services
- HH70 Tokamak (洪荒70) World's first all-high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tokamak device — a magnetic confinement fusion experimental reactor developed by Energy Singularity. Achieved first plasma in June 2024 with 26 HTS magnets, 96%+ localization rate, center field 1 Tesla, plasma major radius 0.75m, and sustained plasma for 1,337 seconds. Built for fusion experimental reactors and future fusion power plants.
- Jingtian Magnet (经天磁体) World's highest-field large-bore HTS D-shaped toroidal field magnet independently developed by Energy Singularity. Composed of 32 stacked single-pan coils with 0.5 square meter center bore area. Successfully energized to 22 Tesla, setting world record for large-bore HTS D-shaped magnets. Sold as a standalone magnet system for fusion applications and next-generation fusion devices.
- HH170 Tokamak (洪荒170) Next-generation high-parameter advanced HTS tokamak device currently planned and developed by Energy Singularity. Targets 10 Tesla magnetic field, 150cm major radius, and equivalent Q>2 energy gain to lay foundation for commercial fusion power generation. Planned for completion in 2027.
Quantifiable outcome
- 1,337 seconds of steady-state plasma operation - world record for commercial fusion companies
- +3 more outcomes
Companies that use Energy Singularity
Customer profileNamed customers1 record
Segments2 records
Ideal customer profiles2 records
Energy Singularity technology and API
TechnologyTechnology focussed Yes
API detail
- Has API
- No
- API docs
- API detail
Core technology
AI maturity
App detail
AI capability5 records
Feature5 records
Energy Singularity partnerships and signals
Strategic signalPartnerships
Four partnerships are on record, tiered construction partner, key manufacturing partner, core strategic partner and key technology partner.
- 中国核工业第五建设有限公司 (China Nuclear Industry Fifth Construction Co., Ltd.)construction partnerGeneral assembly contractor for HH70 tokamak device. CNCC5 is a specialized construction company for nuclear power facilities, providing assembly and installation services for the tokamak.
- 上海电气核电集团 (Shanghai Electric Nuclear Power Group)key manufacturing partnerManufacturing partner for HH70 tokamak main system components including vacuum chamber, cryostat, and cold shield. Shanghai Electric is China's nuclear power equipment industry leader with decades of experience in nuclear reactor component manufacturing.
- 核工业西南物理研究院 (Southwestern Institute of Physics)core strategic partnerJoint development agreement to co-develop the world's first full HTS tokamak device. SWIP is China's oldest and most technologically advanced nuclear fusion research institute, affiliated with China National Nuclear Corporation. Has built major fusion devices including HL-1, HL-2A, and HL-2M.
- 上海超导科技股份有限公司 (Shanghai Superconducting Technology Co., Ltd.)key technology partnerSupplier of high-performance HTS tape materials for magnet construction. Shanghai Superconducting has developed over 20 years of independent innovation in HTS technology with support from Shanghai municipal government.
Scale indicators7 records
Recent moves6 records
Expansion highlights6 records
Energy Singularity competitors and assessment
Company assessmentDirect peers
- Type One Energy: US-based private fusion company developing high-field stellarators using HTS magnets. Competes with Energy Singularity on HTS-magnet supply, talent, and investor attention in the broader HTS-enabled fusion category.
- Commonwealth Fusion Systems: MIT spinoff building the SPARC HTS tokamak, the most direct global competitor to Energy Singularity. CFS uses a similar compact-tokamak-with-HTS-magnets architecture and is targeting net energy, making CFS the primary benchmark for Energy Singularity's technical and capital roadmap.
- Tokamak Energy: UK-based private fusion company developing spherical tokamaks using HTS magnets. Closest direct competitor to Energy Singularity's HTS-tokamak approach outside the US, with overlapping magnet technology, supply-chain, and physics challenges.
- TAE Technologies: California-based private fusion company pursuing field-reversed configuration (FRC) with particle-beam-driven plasma. Same funding stage and well-capitalized private-fusion peer competing for the same investor capital and government partnerships.
- Helion Energy: US-based private fusion company developing pulsed FRC fusion with direct electricity generation. Has raised comparable-and-larger amounts of private capital and has signed an offtake agreement with Microsoft, making it a relevant peer for trajectory and investor-comparable benchmarks.
- General Fusion: Canadian private fusion company pursuing magnetized target fusion with a steam-piston liner compression approach. Competitor for similar investor pools and government partnerships, also targeting early-2030s commercial demonstration.
- ENN Science and Technology Development: Chinese private-sector energy conglomerate that has invested heavily in fusion (ENN Way Explorer). Direct Chinese peer competing for the same national fusion champions title, government funding, and state-utility customer base.
- Zap Energy: US-based private fusion company pursuing sheared-flow Z-pinch fusion without expensive magnets or lasers. Competes for the same later-stage private fusion capital pool and shares the goal of low-cost compact fusion devices.
- First Light Fusion: UK-based private fusion company pursuing projectile-driven inertial confinement fusion. Comparable-stage private fusion peer pursuing an alternative confinement strategy but competing for the same investor and government partner attention.
Broad incumbents
- ITER Organization: International government-backed tokamak project under construction in France. While not a commercial competitor, ITER is the dominant incumbent validating tokamak physics and sets the technical reference point that Energy Singularity's compact HTS approach is designed to leapfrog.
Market position
Strengths5 records
Weaknesses5 records
Competitive moat5 records
Key risks7 records
Key highlights7 records
Customer concentration
Energy Singularity financial estimates
Financial estimateRevenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Energy Singularity leadership team
Management profileNumber of profiles
Profiles4 records
Energy Singularity funding detail
Funding detailFunding overview
Funding rounds2 records
Investors6 records
Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Energy Singularity M&A and investment
M&A and investmentM&A
Investments
M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Frequently asked questions about Energy Singularity
What does Energy Singularity do?
Energy Singularity designs, develops, and manufactures high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tokamak devices and magnet systems for controlled nuclear fusion. It provides integrated solutions including tokamak整机 (complete machines), subsystems, and key components for fusion experimental reactors and future fusion power plants, covering design, R&D, construction, testing, and operations/maintenance services.
Is Energy Singularity a public or private company?
Energy Singularity is a private company. It is classified as venture growth investor backed and is currently operating.
When was Energy Singularity founded?
Energy Singularity was founded in 2021. It employs 51 to 100 people.
Where is Energy Singularity based?
Energy Singularity is headquartered in Shanghai, China, in the Asia region.
How does Energy Singularity make money?
Three revenue lines are on record. Fusion Device Research and Development Services are the primary driver. The others are high-Temperature Superconducting Magnet Systems and technology Licensing and Consulting.
Who are Energy Singularity's main competitors?
Direct peers on record are Type One Energy, Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Tokamak Energy, TAE Technologies, Helion Energy, General Fusion, ENN Science and Technology Development, Zap Energy and First Light Fusion. ITER Organization is listed as a broad incumbent.
Does Energy Singularity have an API?
No public API is recorded for Energy Singularity.
What industry is Energy Singularity in?
Energy Singularity's product category is Fusion Energy Technology. Its primary akta.pro industry code is EUAKADAC, Gen IV / Advanced Reactor Systems (SFR, LFR, GFR, MSR, HTGR, Microreactors), with a secondary code of EUAKAAAG, Mechanical, Electrical & Piping Installation (MEP). Its NAICS code is 334416 and its SIC code is 3677.