What Limenet does

Limenet S.r.l. Società Benefit is an Italian climate technology company founded in March 2023, headquartered in Galbiate (Lecco), that has patented a process for permanently storing CO2 in seawater as calcium bicarbonate via pH-equilibrated ocean alkalinization. The technology operates in three phases — calcination of limestone into lime using renewable energy, reaction of CO2 with slaked lime in seawater to form a calcium bicarbonate solution matching seawater pH, and discharge of that solution for permanent ocean storage — protected by four filed patent families and certified to ISO 14064-2 by RINA. Limenet operates three physical assets: a TRL 6 pilot plant in La Spezia, a TRL 7 industrial storage plant in Augusta, Sicily (800 tonnes CO2/year, 100 kg/h), and a TRL 7 calciner prototype in Lecco (280 kg/day calcium oxide), with a 1,500 tonne/year integrated Augusta plant planned for 2026-2027.

The company monetizes through two enterprise-facing revenue streams: verified carbon removal credits sold to voluntary CDR buyers, and decarbonized lime products sold as a sustainable industrial input. Go-to-market is direct enterprise field sales targeting industrial emitters in hard-to-abate sectors and CDR procurement programs. Anchor commercial counterparties include Frontier (pre-purchase coalition representing Stripe, Shopify, Google, and Meta), KlimaDAO (1,000-tonne offtake, April 2024), Fassa Bortolo (industrial investor and lime-sector customer), and Leone La Ferla Spa. The company is registered as an Italian benefit corporation, has raised €9.5 million in total equity through rounds in 2023, 2024, and 2025, and operates with a 30+ person team across engineering, scientific research, operations, and regulatory affairs.

Name

Limenet

Legal name

Limenet S.r.l. Società Benefit

Website

https://limenet.tech

Company type

Private

Founded year

2023

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

11–50 employees

Short description

Limenet is an Italian climate tech benefit corporation that uses patented pH-equilibrated ocean alkalinization to convert CO2 into calcium bicarbonate solutions for permanent ocean storage, selling verified carbon removal credits and decarbonized lime to enterprise buyers in hard-to-abate sectors.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Product category

Carbon Capture and Removal (Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement)

NAICS

Lime Manufacturing (32741), Lime Manufacturing (327410), Lime and Gypsum Product Manufacturing (3274), Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing (325180)

SIC

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals (2810), Abrasive, Asbestos & Misc Nonmetallic Mineral Prods (3290)

akta.pro primary industry

Ocean-Based Carbon Removal (Alkalinity Enhancement, Seaweed, Ocean Biomass Sinking) (EUABAFAF)

akta.pro secondary industries

Carbon Removal Project Development, Financing & Offtake (Developers, Aggregators, Buyers Clubs) (EUABAFAL), Carbon Removal Credits Trading (DAC, BECCS, Biochar, Mineralization) (EUAGAIAL), Mineralization & Carbon-Cured Materials (In-situ/Ex-situ) (EUABAFAD)

Keywords

• Carbon dioxide removal
• Ocean alkalinity enhancement
• Carbon removal credits
• Decarbonized lime production
• Permanent carbon storage

Headquarters

HQ city

Lecco

HQ country

Italy

HQ region

Europe

Offices3 records

Markets served

GTM type

B2B

Offering type

Services

Cost components

Technology or R&D, Infrastructure, Operations, Personnel, Marketing or Sales

Revenue model

1. Carbon Removal Credits: Sale of verified carbon removal credits to enterprise buyers seeking to offset their emissions. Credits are verified through MRV (Measurement, Reporting, and Verification) protocols.
2. Decarbonized Lime Products: Sale of decarbonized lime to industrial customers as a sustainable alternative to conventional lime products, creating a secondary revenue stream from the core carbon removal process.

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels1 record

Marketing channels5 records

Core offering

Limenet has designed, patented, and industrialized a pH-equilibrated ocean alkalinization technology that uses calcium carbonate, seawater, and renewable energy to transform CO2 (from atmospheric capture or industrial point sources) into an aqueous calcium bicarbonate solution with the same pH as seawater, enabling permanent ocean storage. The company sells two principal outputs: verified carbon removal credits (certified under ISO 14064-2 by RINA via its MRV methodology) and decarbonized lime (calcium hydroxide) as a sustainable industrial input for industrial customers.

Product overview

Limenet is a climate tech company that offers an integrated CO2 removal technology platform centered on Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement. The platform comprises three main technology phases: (1) Calcination - producing lime from limestone using renewable energy, (2) Calcium Bicarbonate Production - reacting CO2 with seawater and slaked lime to produce carbon-free lime, and (3) Applications of Carbon-Free Lime for carbonation, ocean liming, or biogenic CO2 storage. Key products include the Calciner Prototype (280 kg/day CaO capacity), the Augusta Storage Plant (800 tons CO2/year capacity, TRL 7), and the planned Integrated Plant (1,500 tons/year decarbonized lime). Supporting offerings include the MRV System (ISO 14064-2 certified) and Life Cycle Assessment services. The technology produces Carbon-Free Lime and Calcium Bicarbonate Solutions as outputs for various CO2 removal applications.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Products and services

• Augusta Storage Plant TRL 7 industrial-scale carbon dioxide removal and storage plant in Augusta, Sicily, with 100 kg/h CO2 removal capacity (800 tons per year). Currently the world's largest CDR plant based on pH-equilibrated ocean alkalinization; produces verified carbon removal credits and decarbonized lime for industrial buyers.
• La Spezia Pilot Plant TRL 6 technological industrial prototype in La Spezia, built in collaboration with Hyogrus, with maximum production of 1 kg/h of decarbonized calcium hydroxide and 1 kg/h maximum CO2 removal capacity in the form of calcium bicarbonates. Used for technology validation and small-volume credit generation.
• Calciner Prototype (Lecco) TRL 7 next-generation indirect kiln for calcination of fine quarry limestone, located in Lecco, with a production capacity of 280 kg/day of calcium oxide. Produces the lime feedstock used in the carbon removal process and supports development of electric calcination technology.
• Integrated Calcination and Storage Plant (planned Augusta expansion) Planned integrated plant in Augusta, Sicily, combining calcination and storage, with production capacity of 1,500 tons per year of decarbonized lime. Represents Limenet's next major scale-up milestone.
• Verified Carbon Removal Credits Sale of verified, ISO 14064-2 certified carbon removal credits to enterprise buyers (including Frontier coalition companies such as Shopify, Stripe, Google, and Meta) seeking to permanently offset their emissions via Limenet's ocean alkalinity enhancement process.
• Decarbonized Lime (Carbon-Free Lime) Decarbonized calcium hydroxide (carbon-free lime) produced through Limenet's process, used for carbonation (absorbing atmospheric CO2), ocean liming, and storage of biogenic CO2. Sold to industrial customers (e.g., Fassa Bortolo) as a sustainable alternative to conventional lime.

Quantifiable outcome

• 90-95 kg net CO2 removed per 100 kg gross material processed
• +2 more outcomes

Named customers4 records

Segments1 record

Ideal customer profiles2 records

Technology focussed Yes

API detail

Has API

No

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Feature2 records

Partnerships

Eleven partnerships are on record, tiered core and minor.

• Politecnico di MilanocoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerAcademic research partnership with the Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering for scientific validation and R&D on the carbon removal technology
• Università Milano-BicoccacoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerAcademic research collaboration for scientific research and development of the ocean alkalinization technology
• CMCC (Euro-Mediterranean Centre for Climate Change)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerResearch partnership with the Euro-Mediterranean Centre for Climate Change for climate science validation and impact assessment
• RINAcoreOthersThird-party certification body providing verification and certification services for carbon removal credits
• EgeniacoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerMRV (Measurement, Reporting, and Verification) protocol development and implementation partner for carbon credit verification
• CNR MessinacoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerResearch partnership with the National Research Council of Italy in Messina for scientific research and environmental monitoring
• FrontiercoreOthersPrimary carbon credit buyer and strategic partner, representing Shopify, Stripe, Google and other technology companies committed to carbon removal
• KlimaDAOminorOthersDecentralized autonomous organization (DAO) focused on carbon markets, purchasing carbon removal credits
• Leone La Ferla SpaminorOthersIndustrial partner collaborating on the Augusta project for local industrial deployment
• Municipality of AugustaminorOthersLocal government partnership supporting the Augusta project site and permitting
• Port Authority of the Eastern Sicilian SeaminorOthersMaritime authority partnership for the Augusta coastal facility operations

Scale indicators5 records

Recent moves4 records

Expansion highlights6 records

Direct peers

• Captura: US-based climate tech company using electrochemical ocean alkalinity enhancement for permanent ocean CO2 removal. Direct competitor to Limenet in the OAE category with the same ocean-based storage mechanism and target buyer base (Frontier, corporate voluntary credits).
• Ebb Carbon: US-based ocean alkalinity enhancement CDR developer that uses an electrochemical process to capture CO2 while restoring ocean alkalinity. Closest direct competitor to Limenet in the ocean-based CDR category, also targeting Frontier and corporate voluntary buyers.
• 44.01: Oman-based CDR company that mineralizes CO2 into olivine and peridotite rock formations. Comparable to Limenet via mineralization-based permanent storage pathway, with industrial partner Sinopec and Frontier-backed offtakes.

Emerging players

• Carbonaide: Finland-based CDR start-up mineralizing CO2 in precast concrete during curing. Compares to Limenet as a mineralization-route permanent CDR developer selling decarbonized industrial products (carbon-negative concrete) to construction buyers.
• CarbonCure Technologies: Canada-based company injecting CO2 into fresh concrete during mixing for permanent mineralization. Comparable to Limenet as a CDR-plus-industrial-product company selling decarbonized materials to industrial buyers, though in concrete rather than lime.

Broad incumbents

• Heirloom Carbon Technologies: US DAC + limestone mineralization company backed by Microsoft, Stripe, and Frontier. Compares to Limenet as a permanent CDR developer using calcium-based mineralization, but at much larger scale and with DAC rather than ocean alkalinity.
• Climeworks: Swiss direct air capture leader operating the world's largest DAC plants (Mammoth, Orca). Compares to Limenet as a permanent CDR operator selling verified removal credits to the same corporate buyer base (Frontier coalition members).
• Charm Industrial: US-based CDR company that converts biomass into bio-oil and sequesters it underground. Compares to Limenet as a permanent removal CDR operator selling to Frontier coalition buyers, though using biomass-pyrolysis rather than ocean alkalinity.

Others

• Graymont: One of the largest global lime producers, comparable to Fassa Bortolo as Limenet's industrial lime anchor. Adjacent participant in the lime value chain that could either become a customer, competitor (vertical integration), or acquirer of Limenet's decarbonized lime technology.
• Carbon to Sea Initiative: Non-profit coalition supporting research and field deployment of ocean alkalinity enhancement. Co-financing partner on Limenet's Desarc Maresanus project and a direct ecosystem enabler for OAE technology validation and policy advocacy.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat4 records

Key risks7 records

Key highlights8 records

Customer concentration

• LinkedInlinkedin.com/company/limenet-tech

Compliance1 record

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Profiles10 records

Funding overview

Funding rounds4 records

Investors6 records

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Limenet