t1 (aka t1 protocol)
t1 Labs is a 2024-founded, New York-based Web3 infrastructure company that builds TEE-based cross-chain application infrastructure for Ethereum L2s. Its Real-Time Proving engine enables single-block (~12 second) cross-chain reads and writes between partner rollups including Arbitrum and Base, serving developers, end users, and rollups via products like the RTP Bridge, xYield, and Docker dApps.
- Company typePrivate
- Founded2024
- HeadquartersNew York, United States
- Headcount1–10
- GTM typeB2B
- OfferingSoftware
What t1 (aka t1 protocol) does
t1 (legally t1 Labs, doing business as t1 protocol) is a New York-based, privately held blockchain infrastructure company founded in 2024 by Can Kisagun (CEO, ex-Secret Network and Enigma MPC) and Orest Tarasiuk (CTO, ex-Scroll, founder of zkWarsaw). The company builds cross-chain application infrastructure for the Ethereum L2 ecosystem, anchored by its Real-Time Proving (RTP) engine that runs full nodes of partner rollups inside Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) based on Intel TDX to verify cross-chain state reads and writes within a single Ethereum block (~12 seconds). Its core products include the t1 RTP Bridge, xChainRead/xChainWrite primitives for verifiable cross-chain calls, Docker dApps for third-party deployable logic, an ERC-7683-compliant intent protocol with sealed-bid auctions, and reference applications including Yild (cross-chain strategy protocol) and the upcoming xYield product.
The platform's architecture is designed to be language-agnostic, supporting any TEE-compatible language, and uses Reth (Rust Ethereum) as its execution node implementation; a planned v2 roadmap adds crypto-economic security and ZK proofs alongside the TEE foundation. Revenue is intended to come from bridge transaction fees on cross-chain swaps and usage-based fees for infrastructure primitives, though no public pricing tiers exist and the platform remains in public beta. Customer segments are organized horizontally: end users consuming bridge and yield products, Web3 developers integrating cross-chain primitives, and rollups (Arbitrum, Base) partnering to gain shared liquidity and composability. Distribution is product-led and self-serve via docs, GitHub, a beta portal, and community channels (X, Telegram, Discord, Substack), with no enterprise sales motion apparent.
t1 (aka t1 protocol) firmographics
Firmographics- Name
- t1 (aka t1 protocol)
- Legal name
- t1 Labs
- Website
- https://t1protocol.com
- Company type
- Private
- Founded year
- 2024
- Operating status
- Operating
- Headcount range
- 1–10 employees
- Short description
- t1 Labs is a 2024-founded, New York-based Web3 infrastructure company that builds TEE-based cross-chain application infrastructure for Ethereum L2s. Its Real-Time Proving engine enables single-block (~12 second) cross-chain reads and writes between partner rollups including Arbitrum and Base, serving developers, end users, and rollups via products like the RTP Bridge, xYield, and Docker dApps.
- Ownership category
- akta.pro rank
t1 (aka t1 protocol) industry classification
Industry- Product category
- Blockchain Cross-Chain Interoperability Infrastructure
- NAICS
- Computing Infrastructure Providers, Data Processing, Web Hosting, and Related Services (518210), Computing Infrastructure Providers, Data Processing, Web Hosting, and Related Services (518)
- SIC
- Services-Computer Programming Services (7371), Security & Commodity Brokers, Dealers, Exchanges & Services (6200)
- akta.pro primary industry
- Interoperability & Cross-Chain Messaging (bridges, IBC, messaging, routing) (FSAPAAAE)
- akta.pro secondary industries
- Liquidity Bridges & Cross-Chain Swaps (bridge aggregators, intent-based swaps) (FSAPAKAC), Token Bridges & Asset Wrapping (lock/mint, burn/mint, canonical bridges) (FSAPAKAB), Smart Contract Developer Platforms & Tooling (SDKs, APIs, frameworks, indexing) (FSAPAAAH)
Keywords
Where t1 (aka t1 protocol) is headquartered
LocationHeadquarters
- HQ city
- New York
- HQ country
- United States
- HQ region
- North America
Markets served
t1 (aka t1 protocol) business model
Business model- GTM type
- B2B
- Offering type
- Software
- Cost components
- Technology or R&D, Personnel, Infrastructure, Marketing or Sales, Operations
Revenue model
- Bridge Transaction Fees: t1 charges fees for cross-chain bridging operations through its RTP bridge and cross-chain swap products. The sealed bid auction system ensures competitive pricing while generating protocol revenue from solver flows.
- Infrastructure Services for Developers: Developers building cross-chain applications using t1's primitives (xChainRead, xChainWrite, Docker dApps) access t1's TEE infrastructure, which may involve gas/usage fees for cross-chain operations.
Go-to-market motion1 record
Distribution channels2 records
Marketing channels8 records
t1 (aka t1 protocol) product offering
Product offeringCore offering
t1 is a TEE-based cross-chain application infrastructure protocol that enables real-time proving (settlement within a single Ethereum block, ~6-12 seconds) and cross-chain programmability between Ethereum and partner L2 rollups (Arbitrum, Base). Its primary revenue-generating offerings are the t1 RTP Bridge (a trustless cross-chain bridge with sealed-bid auctions), xYield (cross-chain yield optimization), and the ERC-7683 intent protocol with xChainRead/xChainWrite primitives that developers use to build composable cross-chain applications and appchains.
Product overview
t1 is a cross-chain application infrastructure platform that solves Ethereum rollup fragmentation through real-time proving and composability. The platform consists of t1 RTP Bridge (trustless bridging with 6-second solver repayment), xYield (cross-chain yield optimization), xChainRead (cross-chain read verification primitive), and Docker dApps (customizable cross-chain applications). The ecosystem includes an ERC-7683-compliant intent protocol with a sealed-bid auction system and a reference application called Yild for automated cross-chain strategies. Built on TEE-based architecture, t1 enables developers to build composable appchains across the Ethereum rollup ecosystem without fragmenting liquidity.
Differentiator
Problem solved
Functional benefit
Products and services
- t1 RTP Bridge A trustless cross-chain bridge between Ethereum and partner L2 rollups (Arbitrum, Base) using real-time proving (RTP) and TEE-enabled sealed-bid auctions; delivers faster and cheaper bridging with solver repayment reduced to ~6 seconds, and is intended for end users, solvers, and developers needing cross-chain liquidity transfer.
- xYield An optimized cross-chain yield product that lets users access yield opportunities across multiple chains without relying on multi-sig bridges, leveraging t1's real-time proving infrastructure. Targeted at DeFi end users seeking cross-chain yield with reduced trust assumptions.
- Yild A non-custodial, automated cross-chain strategy protocol built on t1's RTP infrastructure that enables developers to act as fund managers deploying verifiable, on-chain-enforced investment strategies across multiple chains without additional trust assumptions. Aimed at DeFi developers and strategy operators.
- ERC-7683 Intent Protocol An ERC-7683-compliant cross-chain intent protocol with a sealed-bid auction system (solver competition) and a proof-of-read-based settlement mechanism for opening, filling, and settling cross-chain intents. Targets developers, solvers, and applications integrating cross-chain swap workflows.
- xChainRead (xCR) Primitive A cross-chain read verification primitive (sold/integrated as a standalone developer primitive) that enables smart contracts to securely call view functions on other t1-supported chains and prove the results back to an origin chain using TEE-secured execution; results are batched into merkle trees with roots committed on-chain. Sold to Web3 developers and protocol teams building cross-chain applications.
- Docker dApps A developer offering that allows third parties to run their own Docker-packaged code as a decentralized application inside t1's TEE-secured architecture, calling predefined cross-chain methods (initIdentity, sendTx, registerCallbackOnTransaction, selfdestruct) with private execution and remote attestation. Sold to Web3 developers building custom cross-chain applications on top of t1.
Quantifiable outcome
- Settlement time reduced to ~6 seconds average (single Ethereum block) compared to 7-day optimistic rollup withdrawal windows or hours for ZK rollups
- +2 more outcomes
Companies that use t1 (aka t1 protocol)
Customer profileSegments3 records
Ideal customer profiles3 records
t1 (aka t1 protocol) technology and API
TechnologyTechnology focussed Yes
API detail
- Has API
- Yes
- API docs
- API detail
Core technology
AI maturity
App detail
Feature8 records
t1 (aka t1 protocol) partnerships and signals
Strategic signalPartnerships
Three partnerships are on record, tiered core.
- ArbitrumcorePartner rollup where t1 runs full nodes inside TEEs to enable cross-chain reads and writes. Supported as a destination and origin chain for ERC-7683 intents and xChainRead operations. Listed in supported chains documentation.
- BasecorePartner rollup (Coinbase L2) where t1 runs full nodes inside TEEs to enable cross-chain reads and writes. Supported as a destination and origin chain for ERC-7683 intents and xChainRead operations. Listed in supported chains documentation.
- Ethereum Foundationcoret1's ERC-7683 implementation is compatible with the Ethereum Foundation's Open Intent Framework (OIF) effort, aligning with Ethereum's standards for cross-chain intents.
Scale indicators1 record
Recent moves6 records
Expansion highlights5 records
t1 (aka t1 protocol) competitors and assessment
Company assessmentDirect peers
- LayerZero: LayerZero is the leading cross-chain messaging protocol connecting 70+ chains. t1 competes directly by offering cross-chain state reads/writes with real-time proving instead of message passing, though LayerZero has vastly larger chain coverage and ecosystem integrations.
- Wormhole: Wormhole is a cross-chain interoperability protocol bridging 30+ chains via guardian network. t1 competes with TEE-based real-time proving versus Wormhole's validator-based consensus, both targeting cross-chain bridging and messaging for Ethereum rollups and beyond.
- Across Protocol: Across is an intent-based cross-chain bridge with optimistic verification and a relayer network. Both t1 and Across target fast, cheap bridging between Ethereum L2s using intent-style flows (t1's ERC-7683 implementation overlaps with Across's model).
- deBridge: deBridge is a cross-chain interoperability and liquidity protocol enabling messaging and asset transfers. It competes directly with t1 on cross-chain bridging for Ethereum L2s, offering comparable cross-chain primitive services.
- Axelar Network: Axelar is a cross-chain interoperability platform providing secure message passing via its own validator-secured consensus. t1 offers a competing approach using TEE-based real-time proving versus Axelar's PoS-based verification.
- Stargate Finance: Stargate is a LayerZero-based cross-chain bridge for native asset transfers between chains. Stargate directly competes with t1's RTP Bridge for cross-chain liquidity flows between Ethereum and L2s.
Broad incumbents
- Chainlink CCIP: Chainlink Cross-Chain Interoperability Protocol is the broad incumbent in cross-chain messaging and token transfer, leveraging Chainlink's oracle network and enterprise-grade security. Both serve the Ethereum L2 bridging and messaging market.
Emerging players
- Hyperlane: Hyperlane is a permissionless interoperability layer enabling cross-chain messaging via modular security. Both compete in providing cross-chain primitives for Ethereum L2 ecosystems, with Hyperlane emphasizing sovereign security.
- Espresso Systems: Espresso is building shared sequencing and cross-rollup composability infrastructure (also a t1 investor). Espresso competes with t1 in enabling cross-chain/rollup interoperability, though via shared sequencing rather than TEE-based proving.
- Connext: Connext is a bridging protocol using optimistic verification and a network of routers for cross-chain transfers. Both Connext and t1 target the Ethereum L2 cross-chain bridging market with a focus on speed and security.
Market position
Strengths5 records
Weaknesses4 records
Competitive moat5 records
Key risks4 records
Key highlights7 records
Customer concentration
t1 (aka t1 protocol) social profiles
Digital presencet1 (aka t1 protocol) financial estimates
Financial estimateRevenue estimate
Valuation estimate
t1 (aka t1 protocol) leadership team
Management profileNumber of profiles
Profiles2 records
t1 (aka t1 protocol) funding detail
Funding detailFunding overview
Funding rounds1 record
Investors15 records
Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
t1 (aka t1 protocol) M&A and investment
M&A and investmentM&A
Investments
M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Frequently asked questions about t1 (aka t1 protocol)
What does t1 (aka t1 protocol) do?
t1 is a TEE-based cross-chain application infrastructure protocol that enables real-time proving (settlement within a single Ethereum block, ~6-12 seconds) and cross-chain programmability between Ethereum and partner L2 rollups (Arbitrum, Base). Its primary revenue-generating offerings are the t1 RTP Bridge (a trustless cross-chain bridge with sealed-bid auctions), xYield (cross-chain yield optimization), and the ERC-7683 intent protocol with xChainRead/xChainWrite primitives that developers use to build composable cross-chain applications and appchains.
Is t1 (aka t1 protocol) a public or private company?
t1 (aka t1 protocol) is a private company. It is classified as venture growth investor backed and is currently operating.
When was t1 (aka t1 protocol) founded?
t1 (aka t1 protocol) was founded in 2024. It employs 1 to 10 people.
Where is t1 (aka t1 protocol) based?
t1 (aka t1 protocol) is headquartered in New York, United States, in the North America region.
How does t1 (aka t1 protocol) make money?
Two revenue lines are on record. Bridge Transaction Fees are the primary driver. The others are infrastructure Services for Developers.
Who are t1 (aka t1 protocol)'s main competitors?
Direct peers on record are LayerZero, Wormhole, Across Protocol, deBridge, Axelar Network and Stargate Finance. Chainlink CCIP is listed as a broad incumbent. Emerging players are Hyperlane, Espresso Systems and Connext.
Does t1 (aka t1 protocol) have an API?
Yes. t1 provides REST APIs for cross-chain read proof retrieval and sealed-bid auction integration. The proof-of-read API (https://proofofread.api.t1protocol.com/api/read-proofs) retrieves proof data for cross-chain read requests with parameters for address, direction (ARB_TO_BASE or BASE_TO_ARB), page, and page_size. The sealed-bid auction backend (wss://sealedbid.api.t1protocol.com) uses WebSocket connections for solvers to stream prices and receive auction results in real-time. Both APIs are designed for developer integration supporting ERC-7683 cross-chain intent workflows and settlement mechanisms. Developer documentation is at docs.t1protocol.com.
What industry is t1 (aka t1 protocol) in?
t1 (aka t1 protocol)'s product category is Blockchain Cross-Chain Interoperability Infrastructure. Its primary akta.pro industry code is FSAPAAAE, Interoperability & Cross-Chain Messaging (bridges, IBC, messaging, routing), with a secondary code of FSAPAKAC, Liquidity Bridges & Cross-Chain Swaps (bridge aggregators, intent-based swaps). Its NAICS code is 518210 and its SIC code is 7371.