Steel Authority of India

What Steel Authority of India does

Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) is a Maharatna Public Sector Undertaking under India's Ministry of Steel, founded in 1954 and headquartered in New Delhi, with the Government of India holding approximately 65% equity. SAIL operates five integrated blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) steel plants at Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur, Rourkela, and IISCO (Burnpur), plus three special steel plants (Alloy Steels Plant, Salem Steel Plant, and Chandrapur Ferro Alloy Plant), giving 21 MTPA installed capacity and a target of 35 MTPA by 2030-31 under its Vision 2030 programme. The company produces over 50 steel products across 500 grades and 5,000 dimensions, including TMT bars (SAIL SeQR), structural sections, hot-rolled and cold-rolled coils, plates (including DMR 249A defence-grade steel), galvanised products (brand Jyoti), rails, wheels and axles, pipes, electrical steels, stainless steels, wire rods, semis, and pig iron. SAIL is the exclusive domestic supplier of rails to Indian Railways and the sole supplier of DMR 249A naval-grade steel to the Indian Navy for vessels including the INS Vikrant aircraft carrier, INS Dunagiri, INS Agray, INS Sanshodhak, and Project 17A frigates.

SAIL's business model is anchored on direct sales to large government and infrastructure customers complemented by its Central Marketing Organisation and a nationwide dealer network for smaller commercial buyers, with the SAIL SeQR digital platform extending direct retail access to TMT bar customers. Revenue is generated primarily through one-time transactional sales of steel products at market-driven realisations, with FY26 standalone revenue reaching Rs 1,10,810 crore and standalone net profit of Rs 3,233 crore (approximately 50% YoY growth), supported by sales volume growth from 17.89 MT to 19.93 MT and best-ever operational metrics. The customer base spans Indian Railways, the Indian Navy, government infrastructure projects such as the Zojila Tunnel (where SAIL supplied over 31,000 tonnes), defence shipyards, construction and real estate developers, and broader manufacturing and engineering customers across India. Forward growth is being funded through over Rs 35,000 crore of capex across FY27-FY28, a Rs 31,000 crore brownfield expansion at Bhilai, an offshore joint venture with Indonesia's PT Krakatau Steel for stainless steel slabs, and a Rs 60 billion downstream electrical steel partnership with John Cockerill India.

Name

Steel Authority of India

Legal name

Steel Authority of India Limited

Website

https://sail.co.in

Company type

Public

Founded year

1954

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

5,001–10,000 employees

Short description

Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) is a Government of India Maharatna PSU and India's largest steel producer, operating five integrated BF-BOF steel plants producing rails, plates, TMT bars, structural sections, and stainless steel for Indian Railways, the Indian Navy, and infrastructure customers.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Product category

Integrated Steel Manufacturing

NAICS

Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing (3311), Iron and Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing from Purchased Steel (331210), Steel Product Manufacturing from Purchased Steel (3312)

SIC

Steel Works, Blast Furnaces & Rolling & Finishing Mills (3310)

akta.pro primary industry

Steel Joists, Joist Girders & Decking (IMADACAC)

Keywords

• Integrated steel manufacturing
• Carbon steel products
• TMT reinforcement bars
• Railway steel products
• Defence grade steel

Headquarters

HQ city

New Delhi

HQ country

India

HQ region

Asia

Offices9 records

Markets served

GTM type

B2B

Offering type

Hardware or Manufacturing

Cost components

Supply Chain, Operations, Personnel, Infrastructure, Technology or R&D

Revenue model

1. Steel Product Sales: SAIL generates revenue primarily from manufacturing and selling steel products including carbon steel, special steel, stainless steel, and downstream products. Products include TMT bars, structural sections, plates, rails, wheels and axles, pipes, hot-rolled and cold-rolled coils, and stainless steel products sold to infrastructure, construction, railways, defence, and industrial customers.

Pricing tiers

Go-to-market motion2 records

Distribution channels3 records

Marketing channels4 records

Core offering

Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) manufactures and sells a comprehensive range of steel products through five integrated steel plants (Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur, Rourkela, IISCO) and three special steel plants (Alloy Steels Plant, Salem Steel Plant, Chandrapur Ferro Alloy Plant). The portfolio spans over 50 products across 500 grades and 5,000 dimensions, including TMT bars, structural sections, plates, rails, wheels and axles, pipes, hot-rolled and cold-rolled coils, electrical steels, stainless steel products, wire rods, semis, and pig iron. SAIL is the exclusive supplier of rails to Indian Railways and the sole domestic supplier of DMR 249A defence-grade steel for the Indian Navy.

Product overview

Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) is a Maharatna public sector undertaking operating five integrated steel plants and three special steel plants, producing a comprehensive portfolio of over 50 products across 500 grades and 5,000 dimensions. The product portfolio is organized into two tiers: a consumer-facing product range and a platform. The consumer-facing lineup includes SAIL SeQR 550D TMT bars (for construction), structurals, hot rolled coils and sheets, cold rolled coils and sheets, galvanised products (brand: Jyoti), plates, railway products (including rails and crossings for Indian Railways), wheels and axles (manufactured at Durgapur), pipes, electrical steels, stainless steel products, wire rods, semis (blooms, billets, slabs), and pig iron. These finished and semi-finished steel products serve railways, defence, infrastructure, construction, automotive, and industrial engineering sectors. The digital platform SAIL SeQR functions as an online purchasing portal enabling direct procurement of TMT bars. SAIL's five integrated plants (Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur, Rourkela, IISCO) and three special steel plants (Alloy Steels Plant, Salem Steel Plant, Chandrapur Ferro Alloy Plant) collectively aim to reach 35 MTPA total capacity by 2030.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

• SAIL SeQR: SAIL's branded TMT bars and steel products sold through the online SeQR system.

Products and services

• SAIL SeQR TMT Bars SAIL SeQR 550D TMT (Thermo-Mechanically Treated) reinforcement bars offering enhanced bending capability, ductility, and precision, marketed for construction applications requiring high strength and earthquake resistance.
• SAIL Structurals Structural steel sections including beams, columns, and channels used in construction, infrastructure, and engineering applications.
• SAIL Galvanised Products (Jyoti) Galvanised steel sheets and coils providing corrosion-resistant zinc-coated steel products for roofing, cladding, and general engineering applications.
• SAIL Wire Rods Steel wire rods for use in wire drawing, fastener manufacturing, and reinforcement applications across construction and industrial sectors.
• SAIL Plates Steel plates including DMR 249A grade defence steel used in shipbuilding, naval vessels, and heavy engineering applications. Includes specialty grades for strategic defence use.
• SAIL Railway Products Long rails, heavy rails, and associated railway track products supplied to Indian Railways and metro rail projects, with Bhilai Steel Plant serving as the exclusive rail supplier.
• SAIL Wheels and Axles Manufactured at the Wheel and Axle Plant in Durgapur; railway wheels, axles, and assemblies for rail transport and defence applications.
• SAIL Hot Rolled (HR) Products Hot rolled coils, sheets, and plates produced at integrated steel plants, serving construction, manufacturing, and engineering sectors.
• SAIL Cold Rolled (CR) Products Cold rolled coils and sheets offering superior surface finish, tighter tolerances, and enhanced mechanical properties for automotive, appliances, and general engineering uses.
• SAIL Pipes Steel pipes for conveyance of water, oil, gas, and other fluids in infrastructure, oil and gas, and industrial applications.
• SAIL Electrical Steels Grain-oriented and non-grain-oriented electrical steels for transformers, motors, and electrical equipment manufacturing, supporting India's power infrastructure and renewable energy sector.
• SAIL Stainless Steel Products Austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, and low-nickel stainless steel products manufactured at the Salem Steel Plant, serving infrastructure, automotive, nuclear, and renewable energy sectors.
• SAIL Semis (Blooms, Billets, Slabs) Semi-finished steel products including blooms, billets, and slabs as intermediate inputs for further rolling and processing into finished steel products.
• SAIL Pig Iron Pig iron produced as a primary output of the blast furnace route, used as raw material in steelmaking and casting applications.
• SAIL SeQR Online Sales Platform Online platform for direct retail purchase of SAIL SeQR 550D TMT bars, enabling customers to procure certified reinforcement steel digitally with home delivery.

Quantifiable outcome

• FY26 net profit increased 50% to Rs 3,233 crore
• +3 more outcomes

Named customers4 records

Segments4 records

Ideal customer profiles5 records

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API

No

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Feature3 records

Partnerships

Eight partnerships are on record, tiered major, core and minor.

• MECON LtdmajorImplementation/ SI/ Consulting Partner · 21 July 2026SAIL has signed an EPCM consultancy agreement with MECON Ltd for the execution of its Bhilai Steel Plant brownfield expansion. The Rs 31,000 crore project will increase crude steel production capacity from 6.8 MTPA to 10.2 MTPA by 2030-31.
• PT Krakatau Steel (Indonesia)coreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 7 July 2026SAIL signed a Joint Venture agreement with Indonesia's PT Krakatau Steel to establish a stainless steel slab production facility in Indonesia. The proposed project would have capacity of 500,000 to 1 million tonnes of stainless steel slabs, leveraging Indonesia's abundant nickel reserves for processing at SAIL's Salem Steel Plant in Andhra Pradesh. The estimated project cost is approximately Rs 4,500 crore.
• SEPC LimitedmajorImplementation/ SI/ Consulting Partner · 15 June 2026SEPC Limited secured a Rs 673.32 crore contract from SAIL for expansion of the IISCO Steel Plant in Burnpur. The contract comprises two packages - Coke Oven Balance of Plant (Rs 296.77 crore) and Sinter Plant Balance of Plant (Rs 376.56 crore) - to be executed over 30-33 months as part of SAIL's 4.08 MTPA crude steel expansion programme.
• GAIL (India) LimitedminorOthers · 28 May 2026Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP), a unit of SAIL, signed a five-year agreement with GAIL for the supply of piped natural gas (PNG) to ensure uninterrupted operations at its integrated steel plant. The deal addresses propane supply disruptions and supports sustainability initiatives.
• NBCC (India) LimitedminorImplementation/ SI/ Consulting Partner · 27 May 2026NBCC (India) Limited issued an open e-tender for architectural and engineering consultancy services for a 15 MW rooftop solar PV power plant to be installed at SAIL's Bokaro Steel Plant in Jharkhand. The estimated project cost is Rs 59 crore.
• EdCIL India LimitedminorOthers · 26 May 2026SAIL signed a Memorandum of Understanding with EdCIL India Limited to establish Smart Digital Classrooms in schools near SAIL's operational areas under its CSR initiative. The project aims to promote inclusive education and bridge the digital divide by providing digital boards, e-learning content, and smart teaching tools.
• Management Development Institute (MDI) GurgaonminorOthers · 20 May 2026SAIL's Management Training Institute (MTI) and MDI Gurgaon signed an MoU for executive education programmes designed to build future-ready leaders. The partnership includes customized leadership programmes, strategy and innovation-driven learning interventions, and action learning projects.
• John Cockerill IndiamajorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 18 May 2026SAIL is partnering with John Cockerill India to invest Rs 60 billion in a downstream plant for electrical steel production, expected to commence operations by 2029. This targets the growing electrical steel market projected to reach $83.23 billion globally by 2031.

Scale indicators11 records

Recent moves10 records

Expansion highlights5 records

Broad incumbents

• POSCO: South Korean integrated steel major operating BF-BOF route with focus on flat steel products for automotive, construction, and shipbuilding. Comparable in integrated steel technology and serves similar end-markets to SAIL, particularly in shipbuilding steel.
• Steel Dynamics: US-based steel producer with EAF-based operations focusing on flat-rolled and structural steel products. Comparable in product portfolio to SAIL's structural and flat steel segments, though uses different production technology (EAF vs SAIL's BF-BOF).
• China Baowu Steel Group: World's largest steel producer with integrated BF-BOF operations producing a comprehensive range of steel products. Comparable in scale, technology, and product portfolio to SAIL, though with significantly larger volumes and broader global presence.
• ArcelorMittal: World's largest steel producer with integrated operations across Europe, Americas, and joint ventures in India (AMNS India). Comparable in scale and BF-BOF technology, with broader geographical diversification than SAIL.
• Nippon Steel: One of the world's largest integrated steel producers, operating blast furnace routes and producing a comprehensive range of flat and long steel products. Comparable in technology stack and product breadth to SAIL's integrated operations.
• HBIS Group: Chinese integrated steel producer with BF-BOF operations producing a wide range of steel products including automotive, construction, and specialty grades. Comparable in scale and integrated operations to SAIL, serving similar end-markets.

Direct peers

• Tata Steel: Major Indian and global steel producer with integrated operations serving infrastructure, automotive, and industrial customers. Competes directly with SAIL across flat steel products and has stronger presence in value-added specialty grades.
• Jindal Steel & Power: Indian integrated steel producer with BF-BOF and DRI-EAF routes, producing flat and long steel products for infrastructure, construction, and railway applications. Direct competitor to SAIL in Indian steel market including rail and structural segments.
• Cleveland-Cliffs: North America's largest flat-rolled steel producer operating integrated blast furnace facilities. Comparable in BF-BOF technology route and serves similar automotive, infrastructure, and industrial customers as SAIL.
• JSW Steel: India's largest private-sector steel producer operating integrated steel plants with BF-BOF and DRI routes. Direct competitor to SAIL in the Indian flat and long steel markets, serving similar infrastructure, construction, and automotive customers.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat5 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

• Xx.com/sailsteel
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• Instagraminstagram.com/steelauthority

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Profiles1 record

Subsidiaries1 record

Funding overview

Funding rounds1 record

Investors1 record

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Steel Authority of India