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L1 Capital

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uuid0007dan

Namestring
L1 Capital
Legal namestring
L1 Capital
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
2007
Descriptiontext

L1 Capital is an independent, Melbourne-based boutique investment manager founded in 2007 by Raphael Lamm and Mark Landau, operating as the funds-management arm of ASX-listed L1 Group (ASX: L1G). The firm manages a diversified suite of funds spanning Australian and global long-short equity (Long Short Fund since 2014; Global Opportunities Fund since 2015; Global Long Short Strategy since January 2025), high-conviction international equities (International Fund since 2019), a precious-metals mandate (L1 Gold Fund Limited, ASX: LGF), an activist "best ideas" vehicle (Catalyst Fund), and a U.K. Tier-1 residential property strategy. Reported since-inception net returns of 20.0% p.a. (Long Short Fund) and 26.6% p.a. (Global Opportunities Fund) underpin the firm's value proposition of differentiated, independent research and low-correlation positioning.

The business operates a fee-based revenue model, generating management fees on assets under management across its funds and standard performance fees on returns above hurdle rates, with fee levels not publicly disclosed. Distribution is multi-channel: direct institutional sales to superannuation and pension funds, financial advisory networks, ASX-listed vehicles for retail and wholesale access, and self-serve investor portals. A May 2025 acquisition of Platinum Asset Management materially expanded AUM and product breadth, and in 2026 the firm is taking the Gold Fund public on the ASX with a target raise of up to A$1 billion.

L1 Capital serves a broad institutional-to-retail client base spanning large superannuation funds, pension funds, asset consultants, private wealth firms, financial planning groups, family offices, HNWIs, and retail investors, with an explicit alignment mechanism — the investment team holds the majority of personal wealth in the funds alongside clients. The firm has 11–50 employees, is regulated under AFSL 314 302 with ABN 21 125 378 145, and maintains offices in Melbourne while distributing globally through its ASX-listed products and wholesale channels. Recent activist positions (e.g., opposing Eldorado Gold's $3.8B bid for Foran Mining) and substantial strategic placements into mining and biotech issuers (Elementos, Anteris, Roxmore Resources) reflect an increasingly assertive capital-deployment posture.

Short descriptiontext

L1 Capital is an independent Melbourne-based boutique investment manager, founded in 2007 by Raphael Lamm and Mark Landau, operating seven funds (long-short equity, global opportunities, international equities, gold, activist catalyst, UK residential) for institutional, wholesale, and retail investors via the L1 Group (ASX: L1G).

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
Headcount rangeband
11–50
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersMelbourne, Australia
HQ citystring
Melbourne
HQ countrystring
Australia
HQ regionstring
Oceania
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices1 record

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
investment management services, long short equity funds, global hedge funds, activist investing strategies, asset management
Industry3 codes
1Small-Cap Equity (Active)
CodeFSAAAIACPrimaryYes
2Venture Capital Secondaries (LP Interests & Direct Secondaries)
CodeFSANAFAJPrimaryNo
3Venture Capital Fund-of-Funds
CodeFSANAGACPrimaryNo
NAICS code2 codes
  • Portfolio Management and Investment Advice523940
  • Other Investment Pools and Funds5259
SIC code2 codes
  • Investment Advice6282
  • Finance Lessors6172
Product category
Investment Management
Social media profiles1 record
GTM motion1 record

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

Revenue model2 records
1Investment Management Fees
TypeSubscription Recurring
Description

L1 Capital generates revenue through management fees charged on assets under management across its suite of investment funds including the Global Long Short Fund, Long Short Fund, Gold Fund, Catalyst Fund, International Fund, and Global Opportunities Fund. Management fees are typically calculated as a percentage of assets under management on an ongoing basis.

l1.com.au
2Performance Fees
TypeSubscription Recurring
Description

The firm likely earns performance fees (also known as carried interest) based on investment returns exceeding specified benchmarks or hurdle rates. This aligns the investment team's interests with fund investors and is a standard structure for long-short hedge funds and similar investment vehicles.

l1.com.au
Marketing channels5 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels4 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

Cost components5 values
Personnel, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Technology or R&D, Others
Pricing details1 tier
1Institutional and wholesale investor fee structures
ModelSubscriptionBilling cadenceAnnual
Notes

Management fees typically range from approximately 1-2% of assets under management for long-short funds, with performance fees of 15-20% of profits above hurdle rates being standard industry practice. Exact fee structures vary by fund.

l1.com.au
GTM typeB2B
B2B
Offering typeServices
Services
Core offering1 text field

L1 Capital is an independent global investment manager that offers a diversified suite of actively managed investment funds across multiple strategies including global and Australian long-short equity, international equities, gold sector securities, activist catalyst, global opportunities, and UK residential property. The firm generates revenue through management fees on assets under management and performance fees on investment returns exceeding specified hurdle rates.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Quantifiable outcome1 of 4 values shown
  • L1 Capital Long Short Fund: 20.0% p.a. net return since inception (September 2014) - Australia's best performing long short fund
+3 more records
Product overview1 text field

L1 Capital is an independent global investment manager founded in Melbourne, Australia in 2007 by Raphael Lamm and Mark Landau. The company offers a diversified portfolio of investment funds including equity long/short strategies (L1 Capital Global Long Short Fund, L1 Capital Long Short Fund), international equities (L1 Capital International), global opportunities (L1 Capital Global Opportunities Fund), a gold-focused precious metals fund (L1 Gold Fund Limited), an activist catalyst fund (L1 Capital Catalyst Fund), and a U.K. residential property fund (L1 Capital U.K. Residential Property Fund). The funds target large superannuation funds, pension funds, asset consultants, private wealth firms, financial planning groups, family offices, high net worth individuals, and retail investors.

Product and service2 records
1L1 Capital Global Long Short Fund
CategoryLong-short equity fund
Description

A geographically unconstrained global version of L1 Capital's flagship Long Short Strategy, available to institutional and wholesale investors seeking global long-short equity exposure.

2L1 Capital Long Short Fund
Scale indicator8 records

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Recent move8 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight6 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers10 records
TypeDirect peer
Description

Australian boutique long-short equities manager. Directly comparable to L1 Capital's Long Short strategy in mandate, target market, and boutique positioning.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Global publicly listed active investment manager with significant long-short and alternative strategies. Comparable to L1 Capital's hedge fund strategies (Global Opportunities, Long Short) but at materially larger scale and broader product set.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Melbourne-based boutique equities manager with high-conviction Australian and global strategies. Directly comparable to L1 Capital given shared Melbourne origin, boutique scale, and institutional client focus.

TypeDirect peer
Description

ASX-listed multi-affiliate investment management platform that partners with boutique Australian managers. Comparable to L1 Capital as a fellow boutique manager within the Australian ecosystem, with overlapping institutional and wholesale distribution.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Sydney-based boutique manager running activist and high-conviction strategies. Comparable to L1 Capital's Catalyst Fund given overlapping activist mandate and Australian institutional client base.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

ASX-listed Australian wealth and asset manager offering multi-asset, equities, and fixed income strategies. Overlaps with L1 Capital in Australian institutional distribution but operates at significantly larger scale across a broader product suite.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Australian boutique manager offering Australian and international equities and fixed income. Comparable to L1 Capital as a fellow Melbourne-based boutique with similar institutional client mix.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Global long-short equity manager with significant AUM. Comparable to L1 Capital's Global Long Short and Global Opportunities strategies but at much larger global scale and broader institutional footprint.

TypeDirect peer
Description

ASX-listed Australian boutique asset manager offering global equities and infrastructure strategies to institutional and retail investors. Directly comparable to L1 Capital in distribution model (including ASX-listed funds), target client base (Australian super funds), and concentration on active equity management.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Sydney-based global long-short equities manager with ASX-listed ETF (AGX1). Closely comparable to L1 Capital's Long Short and Global Long Short strategies, serving Australian institutional and retail clients through similar channels.

Market position
Strengths5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Weaknesses5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat4 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights7 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Named customers7 records

Each record includes

Name, Industry, Type, Use case, Source, UUID

Segment3 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Ideal customer profile3 records

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
No
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Profiles2 records

Each record includes

Name, Designation, Designation category, Overview, Profile commentary, Source

Subsidiaries7 records

Each record includes

Name, Acquired on, Relationship type, Type, Business focus

No data
Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A1 record

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment11 records

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

L1 Capital

Investment Managementl1capital.com.au

L1 Capital is an independent Melbourne-based boutique investment manager, founded in 2007 by Raphael Lamm and Mark Landau, operating seven funds (long-short equity, global opportunities, international equities, gold, activist catalyst, UK residential) for institutional, wholesale, and retail investors via the L1 Group (ASX: L1G).

What L1 Capital does

L1 Capital is an independent, Melbourne-based boutique investment manager founded in 2007 by Raphael Lamm and Mark Landau, operating as the funds-management arm of ASX-listed L1 Group (ASX: L1G). The firm manages a diversified suite of funds spanning Australian and global long-short equity (Long Short Fund since 2014; Global Opportunities Fund since 2015; Global Long Short Strategy since January 2025), high-conviction international equities (International Fund since 2019), a precious-metals mandate (L1 Gold Fund Limited, ASX: LGF), an activist "best ideas" vehicle (Catalyst Fund), and a U.K. Tier-1 residential property strategy. Reported since-inception net returns of 20.0% p.a. (Long Short Fund) and 26.6% p.a. (Global Opportunities Fund) underpin the firm's value proposition of differentiated, independent research and low-correlation positioning.

The business operates a fee-based revenue model, generating management fees on assets under management across its funds and standard performance fees on returns above hurdle rates, with fee levels not publicly disclosed. Distribution is multi-channel: direct institutional sales to superannuation and pension funds, financial advisory networks, ASX-listed vehicles for retail and wholesale access, and self-serve investor portals. A May 2025 acquisition of Platinum Asset Management materially expanded AUM and product breadth, and in 2026 the firm is taking the Gold Fund public on the ASX with a target raise of up to A$1 billion.

L1 Capital serves a broad institutional-to-retail client base spanning large superannuation funds, pension funds, asset consultants, private wealth firms, financial planning groups, family offices, HNWIs, and retail investors, with an explicit alignment mechanism — the investment team holds the majority of personal wealth in the funds alongside clients. The firm has 11–50 employees, is regulated under AFSL 314 302 with ABN 21 125 378 145, and maintains offices in Melbourne while distributing globally through its ASX-listed products and wholesale channels. Recent activist positions (e.g., opposing Eldorado Gold's $3.8B bid for Foran Mining) and substantial strategic placements into mining and biotech issuers (Elementos, Anteris, Roxmore Resources) reflect an increasingly assertive capital-deployment posture.

L1 Capital firmographics

Firmographics
Name
L1 Capital
Legal name
L1 Capital
Website
https://l1capital.com.au
Company type
Private
Founded year
2007
Operating status
Operating
Headcount range
11–50 employees
Short description
L1 Capital is an independent Melbourne-based boutique investment manager, founded in 2007 by Raphael Lamm and Mark Landau, operating seven funds (long-short equity, global opportunities, international equities, gold, activist catalyst, UK residential) for institutional, wholesale, and retail investors via the L1 Group (ASX: L1G).
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

L1 Capital industry classification

Industry
Product category
Investment Management
NAICS
Portfolio Management and Investment Advice (523940), Other Investment Pools and Funds (5259)
SIC
Investment Advice (6282), Finance Lessors (6172)
akta.pro primary industry
Small-Cap Equity (Active) (FSAAAIAC)
akta.pro secondary industries
Venture Capital Secondaries (LP Interests & Direct Secondaries) (FSANAFAJ), Venture Capital Fund-of-Funds (FSANAGAC)

Keywords

  • Investment management services
  • Long short equity funds
  • Global hedge funds
  • Activist investing strategies
  • Asset management

Where L1 Capital is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
Melbourne
HQ country
Australia
HQ region
Oceania

Offices1 record

Markets served

L1 Capital business model

Business model
GTM type
B2B
Offering type
Services
Cost components
Personnel, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Technology or R&D, Others

Revenue model

  1. Investment Management Fees: L1 Capital generates revenue through management fees charged on assets under management across its suite of investment funds including the Global Long Short Fund, Long Short Fund, Gold Fund, Catalyst Fund, International Fund, and Global Opportunities Fund. Management fees are typically calculated as a percentage of assets under management on an ongoing basis.
  2. Performance Fees: The firm likely earns performance fees (also known as carried interest) based on investment returns exceeding specified benchmarks or hurdle rates. This aligns the investment team's interests with fund investors and is a standard structure for long-short hedge funds and similar investment vehicles.

Pricing tiers

ModelBillingPrice
SubscriptionAnnualInstitutional and wholesale investor fee structures

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels4 records

Marketing channels5 records

L1 Capital product offering

Product offering

Core offering

L1 Capital is an independent global investment manager that offers a diversified suite of actively managed investment funds across multiple strategies including global and Australian long-short equity, international equities, gold sector securities, activist catalyst, global opportunities, and UK residential property. The firm generates revenue through management fees on assets under management and performance fees on investment returns exceeding specified hurdle rates.

Product overview

L1 Capital is an independent global investment manager founded in Melbourne, Australia in 2007 by Raphael Lamm and Mark Landau. The company offers a diversified portfolio of investment funds including equity long/short strategies (L1 Capital Global Long Short Fund, L1 Capital Long Short Fund), international equities (L1 Capital International), global opportunities (L1 Capital Global Opportunities Fund), a gold-focused precious metals fund (L1 Gold Fund Limited), an activist catalyst fund (L1 Capital Catalyst Fund), and a U.K. residential property fund (L1 Capital U.K. Residential Property Fund). The funds target large superannuation funds, pension funds, asset consultants, private wealth firms, financial planning groups, family offices, high net worth individuals, and retail investors.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Products and services

  • L1 Capital Global Long Short Fund A geographically unconstrained global version of L1 Capital's flagship Long Short Strategy, available to institutional and wholesale investors seeking global long-short equity exposure.
  • L1 Capital Long Short Fund

Quantifiable outcome

  • L1 Capital Long Short Fund: 20.0% p.a. net return since inception (September 2014) - Australia's best performing long short fund
  • +3 more outcomes

Companies that use L1 Capital

Customer profile

Named customers7 records

Segments3 records

Ideal customer profiles3 records

L1 Capital technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

L1 Capital partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Scale indicators8 records

Recent moves8 records

Expansion highlights6 records

L1 Capital competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Direct peers

  • Auscap Asset Management: Australian boutique long-short equities manager. Directly comparable to L1 Capital's Long Short strategy in mandate, target market, and boutique positioning.
  • Cooper Investors: Melbourne-based boutique equities manager with high-conviction Australian and global strategies. Directly comparable to L1 Capital given shared Melbourne origin, boutique scale, and institutional client focus.
  • Pinnacle Investment Management: ASX-listed multi-affiliate investment management platform that partners with boutique Australian managers. Comparable to L1 Capital as a fellow boutique manager within the Australian ecosystem, with overlapping institutional and wholesale distribution.
  • Wilson Asset Management: Sydney-based boutique manager running activist and high-conviction strategies. Comparable to L1 Capital's Catalyst Fund given overlapping activist mandate and Australian institutional client base.
  • Yarra Capital Management: Australian boutique manager offering Australian and international equities and fixed income. Comparable to L1 Capital as a fellow Melbourne-based boutique with similar institutional client mix.
  • Magellan Financial Group: ASX-listed Australian boutique asset manager offering global equities and infrastructure strategies to institutional and retail investors. Directly comparable to L1 Capital in distribution model (including ASX-listed funds), target client base (Australian super funds), and concentration on active equity management.
  • Antipodes Partners: Sydney-based global long-short equities manager with ASX-listed ETF (AGX1). Closely comparable to L1 Capital's Long Short and Global Long Short strategies, serving Australian institutional and retail clients through similar channels.

Broad incumbents

  • Man Group: Global publicly listed active investment manager with significant long-short and alternative strategies. Comparable to L1 Capital's hedge fund strategies (Global Opportunities, Long Short) but at materially larger scale and broader product set.
  • Perpetual Limited: ASX-listed Australian wealth and asset manager offering multi-asset, equities, and fixed income strategies. Overlaps with L1 Capital in Australian institutional distribution but operates at significantly larger scale across a broader product suite.
  • Marshall Wace: Global long-short equity manager with significant AUM. Comparable to L1 Capital's Global Long Short and Global Opportunities strategies but at much larger global scale and broader institutional footprint.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat4 records

Key risks5 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

L1 Capital social profiles

Digital presence

L1 Capital financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

L1 Capital leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Profiles2 records

L1 Capital subsidiaries and ownership

Company hierarchy

Subsidiaries7 records

L1 Capital funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

L1 Capital M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A1 record

Investments11 records

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about L1 Capital

What does L1 Capital do?

L1 Capital is an independent global investment manager that offers a diversified suite of actively managed investment funds across multiple strategies including global and Australian long-short equity, international equities, gold sector securities, activist catalyst, global opportunities, and UK residential property. The firm generates revenue through management fees on assets under management and performance fees on investment returns exceeding specified hurdle rates.

Is L1 Capital a public or private company?

L1 Capital is a private company. It is classified as corporate owned and is currently operating.

When was L1 Capital founded?

L1 Capital was founded in 2007. It employs 11 to 50 people.

Where is L1 Capital based?

L1 Capital is headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, in the Oceania region.

How does L1 Capital make money?

Two revenue lines are on record. Investment Management Fees are the primary driver. The others are performance Fees.

Who are L1 Capital's main competitors?

Direct peers on record are Auscap Asset Management, Cooper Investors, Pinnacle Investment Management, Wilson Asset Management, Yarra Capital Management, Magellan Financial Group and Antipodes Partners. Broad incumbents are Man Group, Perpetual Limited and Marshall Wace.

Does L1 Capital have an API?

No public API is recorded for L1 Capital.

What industry is L1 Capital in?

L1 Capital's product category is Investment Management. Its primary akta.pro industry code is FSAAAIAC, Small-Cap Equity (Active), with a secondary code of FSANAFAJ, Venture Capital Secondaries (LP Interests & Direct Secondaries). Its NAICS code is 523940 and its SIC code is 6282.

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Live signals
American Banking and Market NewsAnteris Technologies Global (NASDAQ:AVR) Stock: Insider L1 Capital Pty Ltd Buys 272,695 SharesL1 Capital Pty Ltd, a major shareholder, bought 272,695 shares of Anteris Technologies Global on October 6th at $7.18 per share, increasing its stake by 4.48% to 6.36 million shares. The company reported a quarterly loss of $0.30 per share, missing estimates, and analysts have a consensus 'Hold' rating with a $14 price target.Markets DailyAnteris Technologies Global (NASDAQ:AVR) Stock: Insider L1 Capital Pty Ltd Acquires 648,455 SharesMajor shareholder L1 Capital Pty Ltd acquired 648,455 shares of Anteris Technologies Global on October 5, increasing its stake by 5.35% to 12.78 million shares. The company reported a quarterly loss of $0.30 per share, missing the consensus estimate, and revenue of $1.01 million trailed expectations.MarketBeatAnteris Technologies Global (NASDAQ:AVR) Major Shareholder L1 Capital Pty Ltd Purchases 272,695 Shares of Company StockL1 Capital Pty Ltd purchased 272,695 shares of Anteris Technologies Global on October 6th at $7.18 per share, increasing its stake by 4.48% to 6,358,271 shares. The company's stock traded down to $6.63, and analysts have a consensus 'Hold' rating with a $14.00 target.American Banking and Market NewsAnteris Technologies Global (NASDAQ:AVR) Major Shareholder L1 Capital Pty Ltd Purchases 648,455 Shares of Company StockL1 Capital Pty Ltd purchased 648,455 shares of Anteris Technologies Global on October 5th at $7.51 per share, increasing its stake by 5.35%. The insider now holds 12,778,380 shares, valued at approximately $95.97 million. The company's stock opened at $7.55, and analysts have a consensus target of $16.00.American Banking and Market NewsAnteris (NASDAQ: AVR) 10% owner lifts stake in two-day share buyL1 Capital Pty Ltd. bought 397,226 Anteris Technologies Global Corp. shares over two days at $7.60-$7.72 each, raising its stake to 10% ownership. The purchases totaled about $3.03 million, with 74,286 shares on 2026-09-30 and 322,940 on 2026-10-01.Ticker ReportAnteris (NASDAQ: AVR) 10% owner lifts stake in two-day share buyL1 Capital Pty Ltd. bought 397,226 Anteris Technologies Global Corp. shares over two days at $7.60-$7.72 each, raising its stake to 10% (5,200,767 shares). The purchase totaled about $3.03 million. The filing is an ownership update, not a company milestone, and the next quarterly report will be the next test.Markets DailyAnteris Technologies Global (NASDAQ:AVR) Major Shareholder L1 Capital Pty Ltd Buys 74,286 Shares of Company StockL1 Capital Pty Ltd, a major shareholder, bought 74,286 shares of Anteris Technologies Global on September 30th at $7.72 per share, increasing its stake by 1.55%. The stock traded down 2.1% to $7.61, and analysts have a consensus price target of $16.00.The future of tradingL1 Capital reports $3,025,632 purchase of Anteris Technologies common sharesL1 Capital raised its stake in Anteris Technologies Global to 5,200,767 shares held indirectly, purchasing 397,226 shares at $7.72–7.75 per share. The position also includes 5,359,470 CHESS Depository Interests and 1,333,334 warrants with an exercise price of AUD 11.50.HedgeweekBullion pullback won’t derail longer-term rally, says L1…Raphael Lamm of L1 Gold Fund said the recent gold pullback is temporary, citing high government debt and central-bank demand as longer-term support. The AUD1.5bn fund has returned 235% since February 2025, and Lamm expects further consolidation in gold mining to create opportunities.AInvestL1 Long Short Fund Refreshes Its Board — but It Left the Bargain AisleL1 Long Short Fund's founders left the board to focus on portfolio management, while the fund trades at a 17% premium to net asset value. It delivered a 45.4% net return in FY26 and outperformed the ASX 200 by 10.8% annually over a decade. The premium requires sustained outperformance to remain justified.