GSK

What GSK does

GSK plc is a London-headquartered, science-led global biopharmaceutical company that researches, develops, and commercializes specialty medicines, vaccines, and general medicines across four core therapeutic areas: respiratory, immunology and inflammation; oncology; HIV; and infectious diseases. The company operates through a vertically integrated R&D and commercialization model with 33 manufacturing sites across 70 countries, 66,800 employees worldwide, and an annual supply of more than 2 billion packs of medicines and 389 million vaccine doses (FY2025). Its technology stack combines human genetics and functional genomics with AI/ML for target identification and molecule design, supplemented by proprietary platforms including MAPS (GMMA) vaccine technology, antibody-drug conjugates for oncology (e.g., Blenrep), and twice-yearly IL-5 biologics such as Exdensur (depemokimab). The HIV franchise is operated through ViiV Healthcare, a majority-owned subsidiary with Pfizer and Shionogi, holding a 16-product portfolio.

GSK generates revenue primarily through prescription pharmaceutical sales across three segments: specialty medicines (over 30% of FY2025 sales, growing 17%), vaccines (including AREXVY for RSV and shingles vaccines), and general medicines (approximately one-third of sales, distributed through primary care in 100+ countries). Licensing and royalty deals — exemplified by the linerixibat out-license to Alfasigma worth up to $690 million with double-digit royalties — provide additional non-product revenue. Distribution combines direct sales to hospitals and healthcare institutions, public health program channels (Gavi, WHO, national immunization programs), retail pharmacy networks, and specialty pharmacy partners. Pricing varies by market and product, with a notable recent agreement with the U.S. government reducing respiratory medicine prices by up to 66% in exchange for supply-chain and tariff concessions. The company is publicly traded on the LSE and NYSE, spent £6.6 billion on R&D in 2025, and operates a 58-asset development pipeline following the 2022 spin-off of consumer healthcare as Haleon.

Name

GSK

Legal name

GSK plc

Website

https://gsk.com

Company type

Public

Founded year

1715

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

5,001–10,000 employees

Short description

GSK plc is a London-headquartered global biopharmaceutical company that researches, develops, and commercializes specialty medicines, vaccines, and general medicines across respiratory, oncology, HIV, and infectious diseases, serving patients in 70 countries through prescription, public health, and retail channels.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Product category

Pharmaceuticals

NAICS

Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing (325414), Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing (325412), Scientific Research and Development Services (5417)

SIC

Pharmaceutical Preparations (2834), Biological Products, (No Disgnostic Substances) (2836)

akta.pro primary industry

Adult Vaccines (HLAIAEAB)

akta.pro secondary industries

Vaccine Clinical Development & Regulatory Affairs (HLAIAEAM), Immunology & Autoimmune Specialty Pharmaceuticals (HLAIACAB)

Keywords

• Prescription pharmaceuticals
• Vaccine development
• Specialty medicines
• Respiratory therapeutics
• Biopharmaceutical research

Headquarters

HQ city

Kelayres

HQ country

United States

HQ region

North America

Offices3 records

Markets served

GTM type

B2B

Offering type

Hardware or Manufacturing

Cost components

Technology or R&D, Personnel, Supply Chain, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Infrastructure

Revenue model

1. Specialty Medicines: Prescription specialty medicines for asthma, cancer, HIV, autoimmune diseases. Specialty medicines generated 17% growth in 2025 and represent over 30% of GSK sales.
2. Vaccines: Broad portfolio of vaccines delivered through public health programs and private markets. 389 million vaccine doses delivered in 2025 with over 1 million doses per day on average.
3. General Medicines: Primary care medicines including inhalers for asthma/COPD and antibiotics. General medicines represent 1/3 of GSK sales and reach patients in more than 100 countries.
4. Licensing and Royalty Revenue: Licensing deals such as linerixibat to Alfasigma provide upfront payments, milestone payments, and double-digit percentage royalties on net sales.

Pricing tiers

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels5 records

Marketing channels7 records

Core offering

GSK researches, develops, manufactures, and commercializes specialty medicines, vaccines, and general medicines across four core therapeutic areas: respiratory/immunology/inflammation, oncology, HIV, and infectious diseases. The company operates 33 manufacturing sites globally, delivered 389 million vaccine doses and over 2 billion packs of medicines in 2025, and sells products in approximately 70 countries through prescription and public health channels.

Product overview

GSK is a focused biopharma company that discovers, develops, and delivers specialty medicines, vaccines, and general medicines. The company operates across four core therapeutic areas: respiratory, immunology and inflammation; oncology; HIV; and infectious diseases. GSK's product portfolio includes biologics like Exdensur (depemokimab) and Nucala for respiratory conditions, the AREXVY RSV vaccine, Blenrep for multiple myeloma, and a broad HIV portfolio through ViiV Healthcare. The company is also developing pipeline assets including HS235 for pulmonary hypertension and efimosfermin alfa for liver fibrosis. GSK delivered over 2 billion packs of medicines and vaccine doses in 2025, with specialty medicines generating over 30% of sales and 389 million vaccine doses delivered globally.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Products and services

• Exdensur (depemokimab)
• AREXVY
• Blenrep
• Nucala
• Shingles Vaccine
• ViiV Healthcare HIV Portfolio

Quantifiable outcome

• £32.7 billion group turnover in 2025, up 7% year-on-year
• +6 more outcomes

Named customers3 records

Segments5 records

Ideal customer profiles4 records

Technology focussed Yes

API detail

Has API

No

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

AI capability7 records

Feature5 records

Partnerships

Eleven partnerships are on record, tiered significant, core, strategic and minor.

• AlfasigmasignificantOEM/ Whitelabel/ Licensing Partner · 9 March 2026GSK sold worldwide rights to linerixibat, an experimental treatment for cholestatic pruritus caused by primary biliary cholangitis, to Italian pharmaceutical company Alfasigma in a licensing agreement worth up to $690 million. Deal provides GSK with $300 million upfront, $100 million upon U.S. approval, up to $290 million in milestones, and double-digit percentage royalties on net sales.
• RAPT TherapeuticscoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 5 March 2026GSK completed $2.2 billion acquisition of RAPT Therapeutics, gaining investigational drug candidates including those for food allergy treatments. Deal approved and closed following rapid deal process.
• Illumina/Nashville BiosciencesstrategicStrategic or Co-development Partner · 5 March 2026GSK participates in Alliance for Genomic Discovery expanded by Illumina and Nashville Biosciences. Alliance has grown to 312,000 whole genomes and launched multiomic expansion initiative adding proteomic data using Illumina Protein Prep.
• 35PharmacoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 25 February 2026GSK acquired 35Pharma for $950 million, adding HS235—an investigational activin signaling inhibitor for pulmonary hypertension—to its respiratory and cardiopulmonary pipeline. HS235 completed Phase 1 and is positioned as next-generation versus Merck's Winrevair.
• Frontier BiotechnologiessignificantStrategic or Co-development Partner · 24 February 2026GSK entered exclusive licensing agreement with Nanjing-based Frontier Biotechnologies Inc. for worldwide rights to develop, manufacture, and commercialize two small interfering RNA (siRNA) pipeline products targeting nephrology. Strategic deal in RNAi therapeutics space for treating kidney diseases.
• Summit TherapeuticsminorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 23 February 2026New clinical collaboration with Summit Therapeutics expected to begin patient dosing in 2026. Part of expanding clinical trial activities and pipeline development.
• JAX-NYSCF CollaborativestrategicStrategic or Co-development Partner · 17 February 2026Five-year strategic research collaboration to advance human cellular models of neurodegenerative disease, particularly Alzheimer's disease. Combines GSK's drug discovery expertise with JAX-NYSCF's stem cell technology and automation platform.
• CAMP4 TherapeuticsstrategicStrategic or Co-development Partner · 18 December 2025GSK partnered with CAMP4 Therapeutics in a $17.5 million upfront deal to develop antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drug candidates for neurodegenerative and kidney diseases. Collaboration involves identifying regRNAs that control gene expression using CAMP4's RAP Platform.
• Boston PharmaceuticalssignificantOEM/ Whitelabel/ Licensing Partner · 1 May 2025GSK acquired Phase III-ready FGF21 analog efimosfermin alfa (ALG-062) from Boston Pharmaceuticals for $1.2 billion upfront plus up to $800 million in milestones to focus on downstream effects of obesity including liver fibrosis.
• ViiV HealthcarecoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerGSK majority-owns ViiV Healthcare with Pfizer and Shionogi as shareholders. ViiV Healthcare is the only company exclusively dedicated to treating and preventing HIV, with portfolio of sixteen HIV treatments and preventative drugs and ambition to end the HIV epidemic.
• Regeneron Genetics CenterstrategicStrategic or Co-development PartnerGSK participates as founding member in Alliance for Genomic Discovery alongside Regeneron Genetics Center and other major pharmaceutical companies. Alliance expanded to 312,000 whole genomes paired with clinical data.

Scale indicators19 records

Recent moves7 records

Expansion highlights7 records

Direct peers

• Pfizer: Direct peer and co-shareholder in ViiV Healthcare; both are global biopharma companies with overlapping portfolios in oncology, vaccines, and infectious disease, and comparable scale ($50B+ revenue) and global manufacturing footprint.
• Merck & Co. Closest direct competitor in vaccines (AREXVY/RSV vs Merck's portfolio) and oncology; Merck's Winrevair in pulmonary hypertension is the benchmark GSK's HS235 was acquired to compete against, and Merck's Keytruda defines the immuno-oncology standard GSK's pipeline targets.
• AstraZeneca: UK-based global biopharma peer with overlapping respiratory, oncology and biologics franchises; both compete in severe asthma biologics and oncology ADCs, and operate similar R&D-driven specialty medicine models.
• Sanofi: Direct peer in vaccines (Sanofi is one of the largest vaccine manufacturers globally) and immunology/inflammation (Dupixent is the dominant anti-IL-4/13 therapy competing with GSK's IL-5 franchise); comparable size and European heritage.
• Novartis: Global specialty biopharma peer with overlapping respiratory and oncology portfolios; both operate focused-biopharma strategies post-divestitures and compete in targeted therapies and biologics manufacturing.
• Roche: Swiss peer with major oncology and biologics franchises; Roche's diagnostics arm complements its pharma business in a similar way GSK combines vaccines, specialty medicines and HIV — both compete in hematologic cancers and immunology.
• Bristol-Myers Squibb: Oncology-focused peer that competes with GSK in blood cancers and immuno-oncology; comparable size and specialty-medicine mix, with similar biologics and ADC pipeline strategies.

Broad incumbents

• Johnson & Johnson (Innovative Medicine): Broad incumbent in pharma and vaccines with overlapping oncology, immunology and infectious disease franchises; larger and more diversified than GSK but competes in similar specialty medicine categories.

Emerging players

• Moderna: Emerging vaccine competitor whose mRNA platform challenges traditional vaccine manufacturers like GSK; partial overlap in infectious disease vaccines and an emerging presence in oncology, but smaller scale and narrower portfolio.
• BioNTech: Emerging player in mRNA vaccines and immuno-oncology, with overlapping technology platforms to GSK's MAPS and oncology ADCs; focused portfolio but adjacent therapeutic areas and growing pipeline depth.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat6 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

• LinkedInlinkedin.com/company/glaxosmithkline
• Xx.com/GSK
• Facebookfacebook.com/GSK

Compliance4 records

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Profiles16 records

Subsidiaries1 record

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Investments19 records

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about GSK