What Hydrogen Refinery Ltd does

Hydrogen Refinery Ltd (H2R) is a London-based, privately-held waste-to-product company founded in 2021 that commercialises a patented Plasma Electrolyser System (PES). The PES uses microwave-induced cold plasma at approximately 2,500°C to break down mixed hydrocarbon waste without a catalyst, yielding either pure hydrogen or syngas (hydrogen plus carbon monoxide) and a permanently sequestered solid carbon soot by-product. The process is modular and skid-mounted, scalable from 1 tonne per day to millions of tonnes per annum, and accepts heterogeneous waste streams without pre-sorting. Output pathways drive a portfolio of co-products: Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF/e-SAF) and Synthetic Marine Diesel (SMD) via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of syngas; e-methanol, e-ammonia and e-LNG for maritime use; ISO-standard 46% N urea and 34.5% N ammonium nitrate fertilisers via the Haber-Bosch route; and a carbon soot by-product usable in green cement and tyre manufacturing. Hydrogen Refinery claims its process is carbon-negative by displacing landfill and incineration emissions and sequestering solid carbon.

The company's revenue model rests on five projected streams: (i) waste gate fees from municipal, industrial and agricultural waste producers; (ii) SAF and e-fuel sales under offtake agreements with airport and maritime operators; (iii) e-fertiliser sales to agricultural distributors in Southeast Asia; (iv) verified carbon credit sales from the carbon-negative process; and (v) potential technology licensing. Go-to-market is direct enterprise field sales targeting large airports, ports and government agencies, augmented by self-serve evaluation through events (NATO DIANA, Innovation Zero, GLOBSEC) and digital content. Three flagship projects are in development: a 10,000 TPA SAF plant at Farnborough Airport (UK), a 100,000 TPA urea plant in Bali with Alterna Verde (Indonesia), and a UK Government-funded marine future fuels feasibility study with EMEC in Orkney. The company is early-stage with 1-10 employees, has filed 7 patent families, and has been funded through a mix of equity (Rockstart AgriFood seed) and non-dilutive grants (EU HyWay €1m, Climate Impact Innovations Challenge Rp3.3bn, NATO DIANA, UK CMDC6).

Name

Hydrogen Refinery Ltd

Legal name

Hydrogen Refinery Ltd

Website

https://h2refinery.co.uk

Company type

Private

Founded year

2021

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

1–10 employees

Short description

Hydrogen Refinery Ltd is a London-based, privately-held waste-to-product company using a patented Plasma Electrolyser System to convert mixed hydrocarbon waste into carbon-negative Sustainable Aviation Fuel, synthetic marine fuels, e-fertilisers and hydrogen for aviation, maritime and agricultural customers.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Product category

Waste-to-Fuel Technology and Sustainable Fuels

NAICS

Industrial Gas Manufacturing (32512), Petroleum Refineries (32411), Basic Chemical Manufacturing (3251)

SIC

Petroleum Refining (2911), Miscellaneous Products Of Petroleum & Coal (2990)

akta.pro primary industry

Hydrogen (Industrial & Mobility) (IMAEACAB)

akta.pro secondary industries

Hydrogen & Derivative Fuels for Industry (H₂, Ammonia, Methanol) (EUABAJAC), Refinery Hydrogen & Utilities Systems (SMR/ATR, Steam, Power, Water) (EUALAGAI)

Keywords

• Waste-to-fuel systems
• Plasma electrolysis technology
• Sustainable aviation fuel
• Carbon-negative e-fuels
• Modular clean energy plants

Headquarters

HQ city

London

HQ country

United Kingdom

HQ region

Europe

Offices4 records

Markets served

GTM type

B2B

Offering type

Hardware or Manufacturing

Cost components

Technology or R&D, Operations, Infrastructure, Supply Chain, Personnel, Marketing or Sales

Revenue model

1. Waste Gate Fees: Hydrogen Refinery charges waste producers (municipal, industrial, agricultural) a gate fee to accept and process their waste. This provides a recurring revenue stream and offsets raw material costs, making the economics competitive versus incineration or landfill.
2. Fuel Sales (SAF and E-Fuels): Sale of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), e-fuels, and hydrogen produced from waste to aviation and maritime customers under offtake agreements. Revenue from Farnborough Airport and other targeted airports and ports.
3. E-Fertilizer Sales (Urea/Ammonia): Sale of e-fertilizer produced from waste nitrogen streams to agricultural distributors and farming networks, particularly in Southeast Asia and the Pacific.
4. Carbon Credits: Revenue from verified carbon credits generated by the carbon-negative production process. The solid carbon by-product is permanently sequestered, and the displacement of fossil fuels generates additional credits.
5. Technology Licensing: Potential licensing of the plasma electrolysis system IP to third parties in new geographies, generating upfront and royalty-based revenue.

Go-to-market motion3 records

Distribution channels4 records

Marketing channels8 records

Core offering

Hydrogen Refinery Ltd commercialises its patented Plasma Electrolyser System (PES), a modular, catalyst-free thermal platform that converts mixed hydrocarbon waste into hydrogen or syngas at approximately 2,500°C. Downstream outputs include Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), synthetic marine diesel (SMD), synthetic marine fuels (SMF), e-fertilizers (urea and ammonia nitrate), green hydrogen, and a solid carbon soot by-product used in green cement and carbon black applications.

Product overview

Hydrogen Refinery Ltd operates as a circular economy waste-to-product business commercialising the Plasma Electrolyser System (PES), a modular, patent-protected core platform that uses microwave-induced plasma electrolysis to convert mixed hydrocarbon wastes into hydrogen or syngas without a catalyst. The PES platform underpins a portfolio of co-products: Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF/e-SAF), Synthetic Marine Diesel (SMD), Synthetic Marine Fuels (SMF including e-methanol, e-ammonia, e-LNG, e-diesel), e-fertilizers (46% N Urea and 34.5% N Ammonia Nitrate), green hydrogen, syngas, and a carbon soot byproduct used in green cement production. The PES is the enabling technology shared across all product lines, with each product derived from either the hydrogen output pathway (fertilizers, ammonia) or the syngas output pathway (SAF, SMD, SMF, methanol). The modular architecture allows the same PES units to be combined and scaled for different production capacities across aviation, maritime, agricultural, and industrial markets.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Products and services

• Plasma Electrolyser System (PES) The patented Plasma Electrolyser System (PES) is a modular, skid-mounted core technology platform that uses a low-energy microwave to induce a cold plasma swirl at approximately 2,500°C to break down mixed hydrocarbon wastes into hydrogen or syngas. It operates without a catalyst, processes mixed and variable waste streams without pre-sorting, and captures all carbon in solid carbon soot. Scalable from 1 tonne per day to millions of tonnes per annum. Sold/licensed to enterprise waste-to-product project developers.
• Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF / e-SAF)

Quantifiable outcome

• Carbon-negative SAF production: permanent solid carbon sequestration as by-product, displacing fossil fuel use
• +3 more outcomes

Named customers2 records

Ideal customer profiles4 records

Technology focussed Yes

API detail

Has API

No

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

AI capability1 record

Feature3 records

Partnerships

Five partnerships are on record, tiered core.

• Alterna VerdecoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerAlterna Verde is a waste management company covering Southeast Asia, providing Hydrogen Refinery with access to waste hydrocarbon feedstocks and local market knowledge for e-fertiliser production. The partnership involves a planned 100,000 TPA urea plant in Bali, Indonesia. Alterna Verde handles waste collection and preprocessing while Hydrogen Refinery deploys its plasma electrolysis modular plants.
• Maharlika CarboncoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerMaharlika Carbon is a strategic partner based in the Philippines operating across Southeast Asia. The exclusive partnership focuses on converting waste into hydrogen and transition fuels (e-fuels). Maharlika Carbon brings local waste feedstock sourcing, regulatory relationships, and market access in the Philippines and wider ASEAN region.
• NetZero GlobalcoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerNetZero Global is an environmental venture that structures, builds, and manages clean energy projects. In Indonesia, NetZero Global serves as the structuring and project management partner for Hydrogen Refinery's modular plant deployment, providing development finance expertise and local operational capabilities.
• EMEC (European Marine Energy Centre)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerEMEC is a world-leading marine energy test and demonstration centre based in Orkney, Scotland. The strategic partnership supports the Clean Maritime Demonstration Competition and explores Hydrogen Refinery's e-fuels production for maritime vessels. EMEC provides testing infrastructure, wave and tidal energy synergies, and access to the Orkney maritime innovation ecosystem.
• Farnborough AirportcoreOthersFarnborough Airport, the UK's leading business aviation hub and first business aviation airport, has signed an exclusive sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) supply agreement with Hydrogen Refinery. The partnership involves a first commercial-scale SAF plant at Farnborough targeting 10,000 tonnes per annum production using Hydrogen Refinery's plasma electrolysis technology.

Scale indicators7 records

Recent moves5 records

Expansion highlights3 records

Direct peers

• HIF Global: HIF Global produces e-fuels (e-methanol, e-gasoline, e-SAF) from green hydrogen and captured CO2. It is one of the most advanced e-SAF developers globally, competing with Hydrogen Refinery for the same ReFuelEU Aviation-mandated demand and airport offtake agreements.
• LanzaTech: LanzaTech uses gasification and acetogenic bacteria to convert waste gases (and increasingly solid waste) into ethanol and SAF precursors. It shares the waste-to-fuel thesis and targets the same aviation and industrial customers as Hydrogen Refinery.
• Infinium: Infinium (formerly Greyrock Energy) produces e-fuels including e-SAF, e-diesel, and e-naphtha from green hydrogen and captured CO2. It targets the same RFNBO-compliant drop-in fuel market as Hydrogen Refinery.
• Sunfire: Sunfire develops high-temperature electrolysers and Power-to-Liquids systems to produce e-fuels (e-kerosene, e-diesel, e-methanol). It overlaps directly with Hydrogen Refinery on synthetic fuel pathways and serves the same European aviation and industrial decarbonisation demand.
• Velocys: Velocys provides Fischer-Tropsch technology for converting syngas to SAF. It targets the same ASTM D7566-compliant SAF market as Hydrogen Refinery and could be a downstream integration partner or competitor for syngas-to-fuel conversion.
• Fulcrum BioEnergy: Fulcrum converts municipal solid waste into SAF via gasification and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It shares Hydrogen Refinery's waste-to-SAF positioning and competes for similar waste-feedstock offtake and airport fuel-supply agreements.
• Plastic Energy: Plastic Energy uses thermal depolymerisation to convert end-of-life plastics into pyrolysis oils used as feedstock for new plastics or refining into fuels. It overlaps with Hydrogen Refinery's plastic-waste-to-fuel positioning, particularly in Europe and Asia.
• Aemetis: Aemetis produces low-carbon fuels including SAF and renewable diesel using both biological and waste feedstocks. It targets the same California/ICAO SAF market and competes for similar renewable feedstock and offtake agreements.

Broad incumbents

• Topsoe: Topsoe is an established catalyst and process-technology provider for hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, and synthetic fuels production. Its downstream catalysts and process designs are complementary to (and could compete with) Hydrogen Refinery's plasma-based syngas-to-fuel pathway.

Others

• Carbon Clean Solutions: Carbon Clean Solutions provides industrial carbon capture technology. While not a direct competitor, it is an adjacent enabling technology in the broader carbon-negative fuels value chain that Hydrogen Refinery operates in.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat5 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

• LinkedInlinkedin.com/company/hydrogen-refinery

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Profiles4 records

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Hydrogen Refinery Ltd