Cycling '74

What Cycling '74 does

Cycling '74 is a privately held, founder-owned software company founded in 1997 by David Zicarelli and best known as the developer and commercial steward of Max, an interactive visual programming environment for music, audio, video, and interactive multimedia. The company began by selling MSP, an audio synthesis add-on, before acquiring full development and sales rights to Max from Opcode Systems in 1998. Over nearly three decades it has extended the Max platform with Jitter (video and graphics, 2001), Gen (sample-level code generation, 2011), Max for Live (co-developed with Ableton, 2009), and most recently RNBO (2022), a toolchain that exports Max patches to portable code targets including VST plugins, WebAssembly, C++, and embedded hardware such as Raspberry Pi. The portfolio also includes Mira (iPad/iPhone touch control), Cycles (a sample-based instrument package), curated add-on packages, and educational books.

The company's customer base spans four segments: musicians and sound designers building custom instruments and effects; visual artists and designers working with video and interactive media; educational institutions (universities and music schools); and developers/hardware makers using RNBO to commercialize Max-based products as standalone applications or plugins. Cycling '74 monetizes primarily through one-time software licenses for Max and RNBO, supplemented by royalties from the Max for Live distribution relationship with Ableton and revenue from educational book sales. Pricing is not publicly disclosed, and direct purchases are processed through Fastspring.

Cycling '74 has operated as a fully distributed organization since closing its San Francisco office in 2013, with a current mailing address in Covina, California, and approximately 30 employees and consultants distributed across the US, Canada, and Europe. The company has never raised external funding and remains privately held by its founder. Its go-to-market is product-led and community-driven, relying on an active user forum, a Certified Trainer program, extensive documentation, published books, the periodic Expo '74 conference, and a network of international distributors and resellers across approximately 24 countries.

Name

Cycling '74

Legal name

Cycling '74

Website

https://cycling74.com

Company type

Private

Founded year

1997

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

11–50 employees

Short description

Cycling '74 is a privately held, founder-owned software company that develops and commercializes Max, an interactive visual programming environment for music, audio, video, and multimedia, along with complementary products (RNBO, Max for Live, Jitter, Gen). It serves musicians, sound designers, visual artists, educators, and developers through one-time software licenses and Ableton channel royalties.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Headquarters

HQ city

San Francisco

HQ country

United States

HQ region

North America

Offices2 records

Markets served

GTM type

B2C

Offering type

Software

Cost components

Personnel, Technology or R&D, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Infrastructure

Revenue model

1. Software Licenses: Sale of Max and RNBO software licenses, including commercial and educational versions
2. Max for Live: Co-developed with Ableton, provides plugin licensing for integration with Ableton Live
3. Educational Books: Publishing books about Max including 'Generating Sound & Organizing Time' and 'Step by Step'

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels4 records

Marketing channels7 records

Core offering

Cycling '74 develops and sells Max, an interactive visual programming environment for music, audio, and multimedia, along with complementary tools including RNBO (a toolchain that exports Max patches to portable code targets such as VST, C++, WebAssembly, Raspberry Pi, and Max externals), Max for Live (co-developed with Ableton), Mira (iOS touch controller), Cycles (sample-based instruments), and curated Packages. The company also publishes educational books and operates a Certified Trainer program to support its user community.

Product overview

Cycling '74 develops a suite of visual programming tools centered on Max, an interactive environment for audio, video, and interactive media. The core product Max is complemented by RNBO (an export-focused toolchain for compiling Max patches to standalone code), Max for Live (co-developed with Ableton to embed Max inside Live as a device environment), Mira (iOS touch controller for Max), Cycles (sample-based instrument package), and Packages (add-on libraries). The company also publishes educational books on Max and runs a Certified Trainer program. Max traces its origins to IRCAM (Miller Puckette) and was acquired by Cycling '74 in 1998; MSP (audio) was added early, followed by Jitter (video, 2001), Gen (sample-level code generation, 2011), and RNBO (2022).

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

• Max: Interactive visual programming tool for audio, visual, and coding applications.
• RNBO
• Max for Live
• Mira
• Cycles
• Gen
• Jitter

Products and services

• Max Interactive visual programming environment for audio, video, and interactive media, enabling patch-based composition, synthesis, DSP, and real-time control without writing code. Offered to musicians, sound designers, visual artists, educators, and developers.
• RNBO Export-oriented companion toolchain to Max that compiles visual Max-like patches to standalone code for targets including VST plugins, Max externals, Raspberry Pi embedded hardware, C++, and WebAssembly, enabling use of Max patches outside the Max environment.
• Max for Live Plugin integration of Max inside Ableton Live, co-developed with Ableton, allowing users to build custom instruments, effects, and devices that run as Live devices.
• Mira Touch-controller interface for Max running on iPad and iPhone, enabling wireless remote control and visualization of Max patches.
• Cycles Sample-based instrument package for Max providing pre-built sampling and playback functionality.
• Packages Curated add-on packages and libraries that extend Max functionality, including the Guitar Pedals package and other community-contributed or officially supported packages.
• Step by Step: Adventures in Sequencing with Max/MSP Book by Gregory Taylor covering step sequencer design and sequencing concepts using Max/MSP, with extensive example patches and variations.
• Generating Sound and Organizing Time: Thinking with gen~ Book by Graham Wakefield and Gregory Taylor focused on sample-level digital audio synthesis and signal processing using gen~, covering oscillators, filters, effects, modulators, granular and wavetable synthesis.
• Max Certified Trainer Program Official certification program for Max educators, providing marketing support, exclusive teaching tools, authorized use of Cycling '74/Max logos, and official merchandise to certified trainers.

Segments4 records

Ideal customer profiles5 records

Technology focussed Yes

API detail

Has API

No

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Feature6 records

Partnerships

Two partnerships are on record, tiered core and minor.

• AbletoncoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 January 2009Co-developed Max for Live with Ableton in 2009, enabling Max patches to run as instruments and effects within Ableton Live. This partnership remains active and is a significant distribution channel for Cycling '74 products.
• IRCAMminorStrategic or Co-development PartnerHistorical partnership - Max was originally created at IRCAM by Miller Puckette. Cycling '74 sells Max through IRCAM Shop as an authorized reseller.

Scale indicators3 records

Recent moves7 records

Expansion highlights5 records

Direct peers

• Derivative: Developer of TouchDesigner, a node-based visual programming environment for real-time multimedia, interactive installations, and live performance. It is the closest direct comparison to Max in target market (creative technologists, artists, designers) and product paradigm (visual node-based programming).
• Native Instruments: Music technology company whose Reaktor product is a modular, block-based audio synthesis and processing environment with a similar visual programming paradigm to Max. Targets professional and prosumer musicians and sound designers with a comparable downloadable software product model.
• TroikaTronix: Developer of Isadora, a visual node-based programming environment for interactive multimedia, live performance, and theatrical installations. Closely comparable to Max/Jitter in both product paradigm and target customer base of artists and performers.

Broad incumbents

• Ableton: Major music production software company behind Ableton Live, with whom Cycling '74 co-developed Max for Live. Operates in the same target market of electronic music producers and creators, and is both a strategic partner and the most important distribution channel for Max.
• Image-Line: Developer of FL Studio, a widely used digital audio workstation. Serves the same broad customer base of electronic music producers and beatmakers with a packaged software product model, though without the visual programming paradigm.
• Cockos: Developer of Reaper, an inexpensive and highly scriptable/extendable DAW. Targets the same professional and prosumer audio production customer base as Cycling '74, with a comparable small-team, direct-license business model.
• Reason Studios: Developer of Reason, a music production DAW built around a virtual rack of modular devices. Shares with Cycling '74 a focus on visual/rack-style signal routing and a strong community of electronic music producers.

Emerging players

• Bitwig: Developer of Bitwig Studio, a DAW with a modular device and grid-based modulation system. Targets electronic music producers with a more modular/device-oriented workflow that overlaps conceptually with Max's patching approach.
• Sensomusic: Developer of Usine Hollyhock, a modular node-based audio and multimedia processing environment. A smaller-scale direct peer offering visual patching for audio processing and live performance, comparable in paradigm to Max.
• Output: Developer of audio plugins, instruments, and production tools (e.g., Arcade, Portal, Signal) for music producers and composers. Targets the same music production customer base with complementary rather than competing products.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat5 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

• Xx.com/cycling74
• Facebookfacebook.com/cycling74

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Profiles1 record

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Cycling '74