Developer docs
API playgroundTry for free, no card

Search company profiles

Borusan Holding

Full company profile

uuid000d6su

Namestring
Borusan Holding
Legal namestring
Borusan Holding
Websiteurl
borusan.com.tr
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
1944
Descriptiontext

Borusan Holding is a privately held Turkish industrial conglomerate founded in 1944 and owned by the Kocabıyık family. The group operates across approximately 11 countries on three continents with around 10,000 employees, organized into six activity areas: production, machinery and power systems, automotive, port services, energy, and corporate venture capital. Its eight group companies include Borusan Boru (steel pipe manufacturing), Borçelik (galvanized steel), and Supsan (valve manufacturing) in the production segment; Borusan Cat (Caterpillar dealer and FG Wilson generator distributor in Turkey and Northern Iraq); Borusan Otomotiv (exclusive distributor of BMW, MINI, BMW Motorrad, Jaguar, and Land Rover in Turkey via 25 dealers and 46 service centers); Borusan Port (Gemlik-based multi-modal port handling general cargo, project cargo, containers, and vehicles with 523,319 m² of area); Borusan EnBW Enerji (wind energy joint venture with German utility EnBW plus EV charging investments); and Borusan Ventures (corporate venture capital investing in early-stage US and European technology companies). The group also operates cultural and social initiatives including Borusan Sanat, Borusan Contemporary, and the Borusan Kocabıyık Foundation.

Borusan makes money through a portfolio of distinct revenue mechanics: hardware sales from steel pipes, galvanized steel, and valve manufacturing; transaction and fee-based revenue from premium automotive distribution and Caterpillar/FG Wilson equipment distribution; transaction-based port service fees for cargo, container, and vehicle handling; recurring revenue from wind energy generation; and investment returns from the CVC arm. The technology stack is industrial rather than software-native, with capital-intensive assets (steel mills, port infrastructure, wind farms) and OEM distribution partnerships forming the core of the platform. In 2025 the group divested its logistics subsidiary Borusan Lojistik to CEVA Logistics for USD 383 million and announced a 2053 net-zero emissions target alongside AI-related cultural initiatives, signaling portfolio rationalization and a long-horizon sustainability pivot. Customer mix spans enterprise industrial buyers, consumer automotive end-customers through dealers, infrastructure and energy project owners, and logistics/shipping clients — diversified end-markets anchored by concentrated OEM principal relationships.

Short descriptiontext

Borusan Holding is a privately held Turkish industrial conglomerate founded in 1944, operating across manufacturing (steel pipes, galvanized steel, valves), premium automotive distribution (BMW, Jaguar, Land Rover), machinery (Caterpillar), port services, wind energy, and corporate venture capital across 11 countries.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersSariyer
HQ citystring
Sariyer
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices7 records

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
steel pipe manufacturing, galvanized steel production, construction machinery distribution, premium automotive distribution, port logistics services
NAICS code2 codes
  • Management of Companies and Enterprises55
  • Oil and Gas Field Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing333132
SIC code1 code
  • Oil & Gas Field Machinery & Equipment3533
Product category
Diversified Industrial Conglomerate
No data
GTM motion3 records

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

Revenue model6 records
1Manufacturing Revenue
TypeHardware Sales
Description

Revenue from steel pipe production (Borusan Boru), galvanized steel (Borçelik), and valve manufacturing (Supsan)

borusan.com
2Automotive Distribution
TypeTransaction Fee
Description

Revenue from premium automotive imports and distribution of BMW, MINI, BMW Motorrad, Jaguar, and Land Rover brands through authorized dealer network

borusan.com
3Machinery Distribution
TypeTransaction Fee
Description

Revenue from Caterpillar equipment distribution and FG Wilson generator distribution in Turkey and Northern Iraq

borusan.com
4Port Services
TypeTransaction Fee
Description

Revenue from general cargo, project cargo, container operations, and vehicle handling at Borusan Port in Gemlik

borusan.com
5Energy Generation
TypeSubscription Recurring
Description

Revenue from wind energy production through Borusan EnBW Enerji

borusan.com
6Corporate Venture Capital
TypeLicensing Royalties
Description

Investment returns from Borusan Ventures focusing on early-stage technology companies in mobility, supply chain & logistics, energy & climate, and corporate & industrial sectors

borusan.com
Marketing channels5 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels5 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

Cost components6 values
Supply Chain, Operations, Personnel, Infrastructure, Marketing or Sales, Technology or R&D
GTM typeB2B
B2B
Offering typeHardware or Manufacturing
Hardware or Manufacturing
Brand1 of 11 records shown
1Borusan Boru
Description

Steel pipe manufacturing subsidiary

borusan.com
+10 more records
Core offering1 text field

Borusan Holding is a diversified Turkish industrial conglomerate that manufactures and sells steel pipes (Borusan Boru), cold-rolled and galvanized flat steel (Borçelik), and industrial valves (Supsan), while also acting as the exclusive authorized distributor of Caterpillar and FG Wilson machinery and of premium automotive brands including BMW, MINI, Jaguar and Land Rover in Turkey. Beyond manufacturing and distribution, the group operates an integrated port terminal (Borusan Port), generates wind-based power through its Borusan EnBW Enerji joint venture, and runs a corporate venture capital arm investing in mobility and energy startups.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Quantifiable outcome1 of 2 values shown
  • 523,319 m² port area with 5 million ton general cargo capacity
+1 more record
Product overview1 text field

Borusan Holding is a diversified Turkish industrial conglomerate with 80 years of experience operating across 3 continents and 11 countries with approximately 10,000 employees. The portfolio consists of six main activity areas and eight group companies: manufacturing (Borusan Boru for steel pipes, Borçelik for galvanized steel, Supsan for valves), machinery and power systems (Borusan Cat as Caterpillar dealer and FG Wilson generator distributor), automotive (Borusan Otomotiv distributing BMW, MINI, BMW Motorrad, Jaguar, Land Rover), port services (Borusan Port with logistics capabilities), energy (Borusan EnBW Enerji in wind power and EV charging), and corporate venture capital (Borusan Ventures investing in early-stage technology). The group also operates cultural and social responsibility initiatives including Borusan Sanat, Borusan Contemporary, and Borusan Kocabıyık Vakfı.

Product and service1 record
1Borusan Boru steel pipes
Scale indicator8 records

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Partnership6 partners
Strategic tierMinorTypeOthersAnnounced on2025-01-01
Description

CEVA Logistics completed full acquisition of Turkey-based Borusan Lojistik for USD 383 million consideration. Turkish Competition Authority granted conditional approval requiring CEVA to honor existing customer contracts for one year, allow competitors fair network access, and submit to a two-year independent audit. Former Borusan Lojistik operated subsidiaries across Germany, Bulgaria, Hong Kong, and China.

Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Joint venture partnership in Borusan EnBW Enerji for wind energy generation. EnBW is a German energy company and Borusan EnBW operates as a leading wind energy producer in Turkey with fully renewable-based installed capacity.

Strategic tierCoreTypeChannel Partner/ Reseller/ Distributor
Description

Exclusive distributor for BMW, MINI, and BMW Motorrad brands in Turkey. Borusan Otomotiv handles import, marketing, sales, and after-sales services through authorized dealer network of 25 dealers and 46 service centers.

Strategic tierCoreTypeChannel Partner/ Reseller/ Distributor
Description

Exclusive distributor for Jaguar and Land Rover brands in Turkey. Borusan Otomotiv handles distribution and after-sales services through premium dealership network.

Strategic tierCoreTypeChannel Partner/ Reseller/ Distributor
Description

Borusan Cat is the Caterpillar dealer for construction, mining, energy, and transportation industries in Turkey, providing heavy equipment sales and support services.

Strategic tierCoreTypeChannel Partner/ Reseller/ Distributor
Description

Borusan Cat is the authorized distributor for FG Wilson generator brands in Turkey and Northern Iraq, providing power generation solutions for various industries.

Recent move6 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight6 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers10 records
TypeDirect peer
Description

Diversified Turkish conglomerate with industrial (Bridgestone, Kordsa), banking (Akbank), and energy operations. Closely comparable in terms of sector breadth, family ownership history, and Turkey-anchored operating model.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Turkish conglomerate spanning construction (Doğuş Construction), automotive distribution, marinas, and media. Comparable as a privately held Turkish group with both industrial and distributional businesses.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Global manufacturer of seamless and welded steel pipes for oil & gas, with Berg Pipe (acquired from Borusan-adjacent) operating in the same US Gulf pipe market. Direct comparable for Borusan's steel pipe segment economics.

TypeDirect peer
Description

French-listed global manufacturer of premium steel pipe solutions for the oil & gas and industrial markets. Direct competitor to Borusan Berg Pipe and Borusan Boru in the upstream pipe value chain.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Turkish privately held conglomerate active in energy, construction, textiles, mining, and finance. Comparable mid-sized diversified emerging-market industrial platform with similar family-ownership profile.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Turkey's largest private conglomerate with industrial manufacturing, automotive (including Ford Otosan, Tofaş), energy (Aygaz, Tüpraş), and consumer finance arms. Most direct structural peer to Borusan's diversified industrial-portfolio model.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Global container terminal operator with assets in the Mediterranean and broader emerging markets. Comparable to Borusan Port in container-handling operations and emerging-market port strategy.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Global container terminal operator with Mediterranean presence (including PSA Turkey-related operations). Comparable to Borusan Port for container throughput and integrated logistics services.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Turkish publicly traded group with construction, energy (power generation), and real estate operations. Relevant peer for Borusan's energy and infrastructure-related subsidiaries, particularly Borusan EnBW Enerji and Borusan Port.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Global energy and wind turbine OEM that operates wind farms through its Siemens Gamesa arm. Broad peer as the Western technology partner analogue to Borusan EnBW Enerji's JV partner EnBW.

Market position
Strengths5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Weaknesses5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat5 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights7 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Named customers3 records

Each record includes

Name, Industry, Type, Use case, Source, UUID

Segment6 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Ideal customer profile4 records

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
No
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

AI capability2 records

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Feature3 records

Each record includes

Title, Differentiator, Description, Source

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Subsidiaries8 records

Each record includes

Name, Acquired on, Relationship type, Type, Business focus

No data
Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Borusan Holding

Diversified Industrial Conglomerateborusan.com.tr

Borusan Holding is a privately held Turkish industrial conglomerate founded in 1944, operating across manufacturing (steel pipes, galvanized steel, valves), premium automotive distribution (BMW, Jaguar, Land Rover), machinery (Caterpillar), port services, wind energy, and corporate venture capital across 11 countries.

What Borusan Holding does

Borusan Holding is a privately held Turkish industrial conglomerate founded in 1944 and owned by the Kocabıyık family. The group operates across approximately 11 countries on three continents with around 10,000 employees, organized into six activity areas: production, machinery and power systems, automotive, port services, energy, and corporate venture capital. Its eight group companies include Borusan Boru (steel pipe manufacturing), Borçelik (galvanized steel), and Supsan (valve manufacturing) in the production segment; Borusan Cat (Caterpillar dealer and FG Wilson generator distributor in Turkey and Northern Iraq); Borusan Otomotiv (exclusive distributor of BMW, MINI, BMW Motorrad, Jaguar, and Land Rover in Turkey via 25 dealers and 46 service centers); Borusan Port (Gemlik-based multi-modal port handling general cargo, project cargo, containers, and vehicles with 523,319 m² of area); Borusan EnBW Enerji (wind energy joint venture with German utility EnBW plus EV charging investments); and Borusan Ventures (corporate venture capital investing in early-stage US and European technology companies). The group also operates cultural and social initiatives including Borusan Sanat, Borusan Contemporary, and the Borusan Kocabıyık Foundation.

Borusan makes money through a portfolio of distinct revenue mechanics: hardware sales from steel pipes, galvanized steel, and valve manufacturing; transaction and fee-based revenue from premium automotive distribution and Caterpillar/FG Wilson equipment distribution; transaction-based port service fees for cargo, container, and vehicle handling; recurring revenue from wind energy generation; and investment returns from the CVC arm. The technology stack is industrial rather than software-native, with capital-intensive assets (steel mills, port infrastructure, wind farms) and OEM distribution partnerships forming the core of the platform. In 2025 the group divested its logistics subsidiary Borusan Lojistik to CEVA Logistics for USD 383 million and announced a 2053 net-zero emissions target alongside AI-related cultural initiatives, signaling portfolio rationalization and a long-horizon sustainability pivot. Customer mix spans enterprise industrial buyers, consumer automotive end-customers through dealers, infrastructure and energy project owners, and logistics/shipping clients — diversified end-markets anchored by concentrated OEM principal relationships.

Borusan Holding firmographics

Firmographics
Name
Borusan Holding
Legal name
Borusan Holding
Website
https://borusan.com.tr
Company type
Private
Founded year
1944
Operating status
Operating
Short description
Borusan Holding is a privately held Turkish industrial conglomerate founded in 1944, operating across manufacturing (steel pipes, galvanized steel, valves), premium automotive distribution (BMW, Jaguar, Land Rover), machinery (Caterpillar), port services, wind energy, and corporate venture capital across 11 countries.
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

Where Borusan Holding is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
Sariyer

Offices7 records

Markets served

Borusan Holding business model

Business model
GTM type
B2B
Offering type
Hardware or Manufacturing
Cost components
Supply Chain, Operations, Personnel, Infrastructure, Marketing or Sales, Technology or R&D

Revenue model

  1. Manufacturing Revenue: Revenue from steel pipe production (Borusan Boru), galvanized steel (Borçelik), and valve manufacturing (Supsan)
  2. Automotive Distribution: Revenue from premium automotive imports and distribution of BMW, MINI, BMW Motorrad, Jaguar, and Land Rover brands through authorized dealer network
  3. Machinery Distribution: Revenue from Caterpillar equipment distribution and FG Wilson generator distribution in Turkey and Northern Iraq
  4. Port Services: Revenue from general cargo, project cargo, container operations, and vehicle handling at Borusan Port in Gemlik
  5. Energy Generation: Revenue from wind energy production through Borusan EnBW Enerji
  6. Corporate Venture Capital: Investment returns from Borusan Ventures focusing on early-stage technology companies in mobility, supply chain & logistics, energy & climate, and corporate & industrial sectors

Go-to-market motion3 records

Distribution channels5 records

Marketing channels5 records

Borusan Holding product offering

Product offering

Core offering

Borusan Holding is a diversified Turkish industrial conglomerate that manufactures and sells steel pipes (Borusan Boru), cold-rolled and galvanized flat steel (Borçelik), and industrial valves (Supsan), while also acting as the exclusive authorized distributor of Caterpillar and FG Wilson machinery and of premium automotive brands including BMW, MINI, Jaguar and Land Rover in Turkey. Beyond manufacturing and distribution, the group operates an integrated port terminal (Borusan Port), generates wind-based power through its Borusan EnBW Enerji joint venture, and runs a corporate venture capital arm investing in mobility and energy startups.

Product overview

Borusan Holding is a diversified Turkish industrial conglomerate with 80 years of experience operating across 3 continents and 11 countries with approximately 10,000 employees. The portfolio consists of six main activity areas and eight group companies: manufacturing (Borusan Boru for steel pipes, Borçelik for galvanized steel, Supsan for valves), machinery and power systems (Borusan Cat as Caterpillar dealer and FG Wilson generator distributor), automotive (Borusan Otomotiv distributing BMW, MINI, BMW Motorrad, Jaguar, Land Rover), port services (Borusan Port with logistics capabilities), energy (Borusan EnBW Enerji in wind power and EV charging), and corporate venture capital (Borusan Ventures investing in early-stage technology). The group also operates cultural and social responsibility initiatives including Borusan Sanat, Borusan Contemporary, and Borusan Kocabıyık Vakfı.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

  • Borusan Boru: Steel pipe manufacturing subsidiary
  • Borçelik
  • Supsan
  • Borusan Cat
  • Borusan Otomotiv
  • Borusan Port
  • Borusan EnBW Enerji
  • Borusan Ventures
  • Borusan Sanat
  • Borusan Contemporary
  • Borusan Kocabıyık Vakfı

Products and services

  • Borusan Boru steel pipes

Quantifiable outcome

  • 523,319 m² port area with 5 million ton general cargo capacity
  • +1 more outcomes

Companies that use Borusan Holding

Customer profile

Named customers3 records

Segments6 records

Ideal customer profiles4 records

Borusan Holding technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

AI capability2 records

Feature3 records

Borusan Holding partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Partnerships

Six partnerships are on record, tiered minor and core.

  • CEVA LogisticsminorOthers · 1 January 2025CEVA Logistics completed full acquisition of Turkey-based Borusan Lojistik for USD 383 million consideration. Turkish Competition Authority granted conditional approval requiring CEVA to honor existing customer contracts for one year, allow competitors fair network access, and submit to a two-year independent audit. Former Borusan Lojistik operated subsidiaries across Germany, Bulgaria, Hong Kong, and China.
  • EnBW (Energie Baden-Württemberg)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerJoint venture partnership in Borusan EnBW Enerji for wind energy generation. EnBW is a German energy company and Borusan EnBW operates as a leading wind energy producer in Turkey with fully renewable-based installed capacity.
  • BMW GroupcoreChannel Partner/ Reseller/ DistributorExclusive distributor for BMW, MINI, and BMW Motorrad brands in Turkey. Borusan Otomotiv handles import, marketing, sales, and after-sales services through authorized dealer network of 25 dealers and 46 service centers.
  • Jaguar Land RovercoreChannel Partner/ Reseller/ DistributorExclusive distributor for Jaguar and Land Rover brands in Turkey. Borusan Otomotiv handles distribution and after-sales services through premium dealership network.
  • Caterpillar Inc.coreChannel Partner/ Reseller/ DistributorBorusan Cat is the Caterpillar dealer for construction, mining, energy, and transportation industries in Turkey, providing heavy equipment sales and support services.
  • FG WilsoncoreChannel Partner/ Reseller/ DistributorBorusan Cat is the authorized distributor for FG Wilson generator brands in Turkey and Northern Iraq, providing power generation solutions for various industries.

Scale indicators8 records

Recent moves6 records

Expansion highlights6 records

Borusan Holding competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Direct peers

  • Sabancı Holding: Diversified Turkish conglomerate with industrial (Bridgestone, Kordsa), banking (Akbank), and energy operations. Closely comparable in terms of sector breadth, family ownership history, and Turkey-anchored operating model.
  • Doğuş Group: Turkish conglomerate spanning construction (Doğuş Construction), automotive distribution, marinas, and media. Comparable as a privately held Turkish group with both industrial and distributional businesses.
  • Tenaris: Global manufacturer of seamless and welded steel pipes for oil & gas, with Berg Pipe (acquired from Borusan-adjacent) operating in the same US Gulf pipe market. Direct comparable for Borusan's steel pipe segment economics.
  • Vallourec: French-listed global manufacturer of premium steel pipe solutions for the oil & gas and industrial markets. Direct competitor to Borusan Berg Pipe and Borusan Boru in the upstream pipe value chain.
  • Çalık Holding: Turkish privately held conglomerate active in energy, construction, textiles, mining, and finance. Comparable mid-sized diversified emerging-market industrial platform with similar family-ownership profile.
  • Koç Holding: Turkey's largest private conglomerate with industrial manufacturing, automotive (including Ford Otosan, Tofaş), energy (Aygaz, Tüpraş), and consumer finance arms. Most direct structural peer to Borusan's diversified industrial-portfolio model.
  • Enka İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş. Turkish publicly traded group with construction, energy (power generation), and real estate operations. Relevant peer for Borusan's energy and infrastructure-related subsidiaries, particularly Borusan EnBW Enerji and Borusan Port.

Broad incumbents

  • DP World: Global container terminal operator with assets in the Mediterranean and broader emerging markets. Comparable to Borusan Port in container-handling operations and emerging-market port strategy.
  • PSA International: Global container terminal operator with Mediterranean presence (including PSA Turkey-related operations). Comparable to Borusan Port for container throughput and integrated logistics services.
  • Siemens Energy AG: Global energy and wind turbine OEM that operates wind farms through its Siemens Gamesa arm. Broad peer as the Western technology partner analogue to Borusan EnBW Enerji's JV partner EnBW.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat5 records

Key risks5 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

Borusan Holding financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Borusan Holding leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Borusan Holding subsidiaries and ownership

Company hierarchy

Subsidiaries8 records

Borusan Holding funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Borusan Holding M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Borusan Holding

What does Borusan Holding do?

Borusan Holding is a diversified Turkish industrial conglomerate that manufactures and sells steel pipes (Borusan Boru), cold-rolled and galvanized flat steel (Borçelik), and industrial valves (Supsan), while also acting as the exclusive authorized distributor of Caterpillar and FG Wilson machinery and of premium automotive brands including BMW, MINI, Jaguar and Land Rover in Turkey. Beyond manufacturing and distribution, the group operates an integrated port terminal (Borusan Port), generates wind-based power through its Borusan EnBW Enerji joint venture, and runs a corporate venture capital arm investing in mobility and energy startups.

Is Borusan Holding a public or private company?

Borusan Holding is a private company. It is classified as family owned and is currently operating.

When was Borusan Holding founded?

Borusan Holding was founded in 1944.

Where is Borusan Holding based?

Borusan Holding is headquartered in Sariyer.

How does Borusan Holding make money?

Six revenue lines are on record. Manufacturing Revenue is the primary driver. The others are automotive Distribution, machinery Distribution, port Services, energy Generation and corporate Venture Capital.

Who are Borusan Holding's main competitors?

Direct peers on record are Sabancı Holding, Doğuş Group, Tenaris, Vallourec, Çalık Holding, Koç Holding and Enka İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.. Broad incumbents are DP World, PSA International and Siemens Energy AG.

Does Borusan Holding have an API?

No public API is recorded for Borusan Holding.

Unlock the full company data

50 free credits on sign-up, no credit card required.

Contact sales