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Ifo Institute

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uuid000ei88

Namestring
Ifo Institute
Legal namestring
ifo Institut – Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München e.V.
Websiteurl
ifo.de
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
1949
Descriptiontext

The ifo Institute (ifo Institut – Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München e.V.) is a German non-profit economic research institute founded in 1949 and headquartered in Munich, with additional offices in Dresden and Fürth. It is a member of the Leibniz Association, with its president jointly appointed with Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU). The institute produces empirical economic research, large-scale monthly business surveys (notably the ifo Business Climate Index based on approximately 9,000 company responses), regional and national economic forecasts, sector-specific indicators (including the ifo Employment Barometer and the new Tankrabatt Tracker), and policy advice covering labor markets, energy and climate, public finance, innovation, migration, education, and international economics. Its outputs are disseminated through ten specialized research centers, the CESifo Network of over 2,000 international economists, the EconPol Europe policy platform, an academic publishing program, and events such as the Annual Meeting and Munich Economic Debates.

The institute's core technology stack consists of modern empirical research methods, economic modeling, and large-scale survey infrastructure, supported by the LMU-ifo Economics & Business Data Center (EBDC) and a Big Data Economics research area. It operates a multi-channel distribution model — website, newsletters, media relations, events, social media (LinkedIn, X, YouTube), podcasts, and academic publications — making research freely available while also running a membership program (minimum EUR 400/year). Revenue comes from public institutional funding (federal and state governments via the Leibniz framework), project-based research commissions such as the Stiftung Familienunternehmen-funded Unternehmensmonitor, and membership fees; no commercial product revenue is generated. Customers/audiences span government and EU policymakers (primary), the academic research community, media, and the business sector.

Short descriptiontext

The ifo Institute is a Munich-based, Leibniz-affiliated economic research institute founded in 1949 that produces monthly business surveys, forecasts, and policy research serving German and EU policymakers, academia, media, and the broader public, funded primarily through public grants and membership fees.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
Headcount rangeband
101–250
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersMunich, Germany
HQ citystring
Munich
HQ countrystring
Germany
HQ regionstring
Europe
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices3 records

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
economic research, business surveys, economic forecasting, policy advisory, macroeconomic analysis
NAICS code2 codes
  • Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling541910
  • Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services541690
Product category
Economic Research and Policy Advisory
Marketing channels11 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels4 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

Cost components5 values
Personnel, Technology or R&D, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Infrastructure
GTM typeB2B
B2B
Offering typeServices
Services
Brand1 of 4 records shown
1CESifo
Description

A global network of over 2000 economists selected for their expertise and experience in CESifo's research areas, inviting members as affiliates or fellows after research visits.

ifo.de
+3 more records
Core offering1 text field

The Ifo Institute is a non-profit economic research institute that produces policy-relevant economic research, monthly business climate surveys, and economic forecasts for Germany and Europe. Its core offering is the ifo Business Climate Index (ifo Geschäftsklima Deutschland), a monthly survey-based indicator based on responses from approximately 9,000 German companies, complemented by the ifo Employment Barometer, sector-specific surveys, regular GDP and inflation forecasts, and peer-reviewed academic publications disseminated through ten specialized research centers.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Quantifiable outcome1 of 4 values shown
  • ifo Business Climate Index is a closely watched leading indicator referenced by the Bundesbank, government ministries, and international organizations
+3 more records
Product overview1 text field

The Ifo Institute is a research institute, not a product company in the traditional software sense. Its core offerings consist of economic research services including the ifo Business Climate Index (ifo Geschäftsklima Deutschland), a monthly survey of German business sentiment, accompanied by sector-specific surveys such as the ifo Employment Barometer. The institute provides regular economic forecasts (ifo Konjunkturprognose) for Germany and regions including Eastern Germany through its Dresden branch. Research outputs are disseminated through publications including the ifo Schnelldienst journal, ifo Working Papers, and book series. The institute operates through ten specialized research centers covering areas from labor economics to energy/climate, maintains the CESifo global research network of over 2000 members, and operates the EconPol Europe policy platform for evidence-based European policy advice. Additional services include the Company Monitor (Unternehmensmonitor) survey in partnership with Stiftung Familienunternehmen, and events such as the Annual Meeting and Munich Economic Debates.

Product and service16 records
1ifo Geschäftsklima Deutschland (ifo Business Climate Index Germany)
CategorySurvey-based economic indicator
2ifo Beschäftigungsbarometer (ifo Employment Barometer)
CategorySurvey-based economic indicator
3ifo Konjunkturprognose (ifo Economic Forecast)
CategoryEconomic forecasting
4ifo Konjunkturumfragen (ifo Business Surveys)
CategoryEconomic survey program
5ifo Tankrabatt Tracker
CategoryEconomic monitoring tool
6ifo Schnelldienst Journal
CategoryAcademic publication
7ifo Working Papers
CategoryAcademic publication
8ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung (ifo Contributions to Economic Research)
CategoryAcademic publication
9Unternehmensmonitor (Company Monitor)
CategorySurvey program
10ifo Research Centers (ifo Zentren)
CategoryResearch service
11EconPol Europe
CategoryPolicy advisory platform
12CESifo Network
CategoryResearch network
13LMU-ifo Economics & Business Data Center (EBDC)
CategoryResearch data infrastructure
14ifo Jahresversammlung (ifo Annual Meeting)
CategoryConference and event
15Munich Economic Debates
CategoryConference and event
16ifo Membership Program
CategoryMembership program
Scale indicator3 records

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Partnership7 partners
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Close partnership providing first-class research and career opportunities. ifo researchers have access to LMU's graduate programs. The LMU-ifo Economics & Business Data Center is a joint research data facility. ifo President Clemens Fuest is jointly appointed with LMU.

2CESifo GmbH (Munich Society for the Promotion of Economic Research)
Strategic tierCoreTypeOthers
Description

A related entity (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung) with shared leadership (Clemens Fuest as Managing Director), supporting the CESifo Network of over 2,000 international economists. Registered in Munich, HRB 125257.

ifo.de
3EconPol Europe
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

ifo's European economic policy platform contributing evidence-based economic policy recommendations. Coordinates policy debate between academia, politics, and society across European economies. Andrea Balestracci serves as Director.

ifo.de
Strategic tierMinorTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

ifo Dresden is located at the TU Dresden campus, enabling collaboration with the university's economics faculty. Marcel Thum serves as Director of ifo Dresden.

Strategic tierMinorTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Collaboration with FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg as part of ifo's network of university partnerships supporting doctoral and research programs.

Strategic tierCoreTypeOthers
Description

The ifo Institute is a member of the Leibniz Association, a network of non-university research institutions. Operates under the Leibniz Association's guidelines for good scientific practice and equality standards, and is subject to its quality management system (DIN EN ISO 9001).

Strategic tierMinorTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Commissioned and fully funded the 'Unternehmensmonitor' survey project conducted by the ifo Institute, surveying family and non-family companies across all sizes and sectors in Germany on various topics.

Recent move7 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight6 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers10 records
TypeDirect peer
Description

The Conference Board produces flagship monthly business and consumer sentiment indicators (US Consumer Confidence, CEO Confidence, Leading Economic Indicators) and economic research for member organizations. Its survey-driven index methodology is directly comparable to ifo Business Climate Germany's approach.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Brookings is a large, established US think tank with a significant economic policy program covering macroeconomics, trade, and fiscal policy. It overlaps with ifo on policy advice and economic publications but operates at much larger scale and across non-economic domains.

TypeDirect peer
Description

PIIE is a US non-profit economic policy research institute focused on international economics, trade, and macro policy. It is comparable to ifo's Center for International Economics and broader policy advisory mandate, competing for global economic-policy mindshare.

TypeDirect peer
Description

KOF runs the KOF Economic Barometer, a Swiss monthly indicator built on a large-scale company survey, making it a methodological peer to ifo's Business Climate Index. Both are publicly funded university-affiliated economic research institutes producing survey-driven leading indicators.

TypeDirect peer
Description

ZEW is a Leibniz Association economic research institute based in Mannheim that runs the ZEW Indicator of Economic Sentiment, a monthly survey-driven business indicator analogous to the ifo Business Climate Index. It is the closest structural peer in scale, funding model, and survey-based methodology.

TypeDirect peer
Description

CEPR is a European economic research network of more than 1,400 economists that distributes working papers, hosts policy events, and feeds research into European policy debates. It is structurally comparable to ifo's CESifo Network plus EconPol Europe policy-platform combination.

TypeDirect peer
Description

DIW Berlin is another Leibniz Association economic research institute providing German macroeconomic analysis, policy advice, and peer-reviewed publications. It competes with ifo for media attention, government advisory mandates, and academic placements in Germany.

TypeDirect peer
Description

IWH is a Leibniz economic research institute focused on productivity, structural change, and East German economic analysis. It is comparable to ifo in funding model and policy advisory role, and overlaps in survey-driven German economic analysis.

TypeDirect peer
Description

NBER is a US-based non-profit economic research organization producing working papers, business cycle dating, and policy-relevant research. It is comparable in academic-network-driven research model and policy-influence positioning to ifo's CESifo Network and publications.

10RWI (Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung)
TypeDirect peer
Description

RWI Essen is a Leibniz economic research institute producing economic reports, policy advice, and survey-based analyses for Germany. It shares ifo's public-funding base and policy-advisory positioning with overlapping research themes.

Market position
Strengths5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Weaknesses5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat6 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights6 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Segment4 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Ideal customer profile4 records

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
No
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Feature4 records

Each record includes

Title, Differentiator, Description, Source

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Profiles17 records

Each record includes

Name, Designation, Designation category, Overview, Profile commentary, Source

Subsidiaries5 records

Each record includes

Name, Acquired on, Relationship type, Type, Business focus

Compliance5 records

Each record includes

Name, Class, Description

Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Ifo Institute

Economic Research and Policy Advisoryifo.de

The ifo Institute is a Munich-based, Leibniz-affiliated economic research institute founded in 1949 that produces monthly business surveys, forecasts, and policy research serving German and EU policymakers, academia, media, and the broader public, funded primarily through public grants and membership fees.

What Ifo Institute does

The ifo Institute (ifo Institut – Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München e.V.) is a German non-profit economic research institute founded in 1949 and headquartered in Munich, with additional offices in Dresden and Fürth. It is a member of the Leibniz Association, with its president jointly appointed with Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU). The institute produces empirical economic research, large-scale monthly business surveys (notably the ifo Business Climate Index based on approximately 9,000 company responses), regional and national economic forecasts, sector-specific indicators (including the ifo Employment Barometer and the new Tankrabatt Tracker), and policy advice covering labor markets, energy and climate, public finance, innovation, migration, education, and international economics. Its outputs are disseminated through ten specialized research centers, the CESifo Network of over 2,000 international economists, the EconPol Europe policy platform, an academic publishing program, and events such as the Annual Meeting and Munich Economic Debates.

The institute's core technology stack consists of modern empirical research methods, economic modeling, and large-scale survey infrastructure, supported by the LMU-ifo Economics & Business Data Center (EBDC) and a Big Data Economics research area. It operates a multi-channel distribution model — website, newsletters, media relations, events, social media (LinkedIn, X, YouTube), podcasts, and academic publications — making research freely available while also running a membership program (minimum EUR 400/year). Revenue comes from public institutional funding (federal and state governments via the Leibniz framework), project-based research commissions such as the Stiftung Familienunternehmen-funded Unternehmensmonitor, and membership fees; no commercial product revenue is generated. Customers/audiences span government and EU policymakers (primary), the academic research community, media, and the business sector.

Ifo Institute firmographics

Firmographics
Name
Ifo Institute
Legal name
ifo Institut – Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München e.V.
Website
https://ifo.de
Company type
Private
Founded year
1949
Operating status
Operating
Headcount range
101–250 employees
Short description
The ifo Institute is a Munich-based, Leibniz-affiliated economic research institute founded in 1949 that produces monthly business surveys, forecasts, and policy research serving German and EU policymakers, academia, media, and the broader public, funded primarily through public grants and membership fees.
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

Where Ifo Institute is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
Munich
HQ country
Germany
HQ region
Europe

Offices3 records

Markets served

Ifo Institute business model

Business model
GTM type
B2B
Offering type
Services
Cost components
Personnel, Technology or R&D, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Infrastructure

Distribution channels4 records

Marketing channels11 records

Ifo Institute product offering

Product offering

Core offering

The Ifo Institute is a non-profit economic research institute that produces policy-relevant economic research, monthly business climate surveys, and economic forecasts for Germany and Europe. Its core offering is the ifo Business Climate Index (ifo Geschäftsklima Deutschland), a monthly survey-based indicator based on responses from approximately 9,000 German companies, complemented by the ifo Employment Barometer, sector-specific surveys, regular GDP and inflation forecasts, and peer-reviewed academic publications disseminated through ten specialized research centers.

Product overview

The Ifo Institute is a research institute, not a product company in the traditional software sense. Its core offerings consist of economic research services including the ifo Business Climate Index (ifo Geschäftsklima Deutschland), a monthly survey of German business sentiment, accompanied by sector-specific surveys such as the ifo Employment Barometer. The institute provides regular economic forecasts (ifo Konjunkturprognose) for Germany and regions including Eastern Germany through its Dresden branch. Research outputs are disseminated through publications including the ifo Schnelldienst journal, ifo Working Papers, and book series. The institute operates through ten specialized research centers covering areas from labor economics to energy/climate, maintains the CESifo global research network of over 2000 members, and operates the EconPol Europe policy platform for evidence-based European policy advice. Additional services include the Company Monitor (Unternehmensmonitor) survey in partnership with Stiftung Familienunternehmen, and events such as the Annual Meeting and Munich Economic Debates.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

  • CESifo: A global network of over 2000 economists selected for their expertise and experience in CESifo's research areas, inviting members as affiliates or fellows after research visits.
  • EconPol Europe
  • ifo Geschäftsklima Deutschland
  • ifo Beschäftigungsbarometer

Products and services

  • ifo Geschäftsklima Deutschland (ifo Business Climate Index Germany)
  • ifo Beschäftigungsbarometer (ifo Employment Barometer)
  • ifo Konjunkturprognose (ifo Economic Forecast)
  • ifo Konjunkturumfragen (ifo Business Surveys)
  • ifo Tankrabatt Tracker
  • ifo Schnelldienst Journal
  • ifo Working Papers
  • ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung (ifo Contributions to Economic Research)
  • Unternehmensmonitor (Company Monitor)
  • ifo Research Centers (ifo Zentren)
  • EconPol Europe
  • CESifo Network
  • LMU-ifo Economics & Business Data Center (EBDC)
  • ifo Jahresversammlung (ifo Annual Meeting)
  • Munich Economic Debates
  • ifo Membership Program

Quantifiable outcome

  • ifo Business Climate Index is a closely watched leading indicator referenced by the Bundesbank, government ministries, and international organizations
  • +3 more outcomes

Companies that use Ifo Institute

Customer profile

Segments4 records

Ideal customer profiles4 records

Ifo Institute technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Feature4 records

Ifo Institute partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Partnerships

Seven partnerships are on record, tiered core and minor.

  • Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerClose partnership providing first-class research and career opportunities. ifo researchers have access to LMU's graduate programs. The LMU-ifo Economics & Business Data Center is a joint research data facility. ifo President Clemens Fuest is jointly appointed with LMU.
  • CESifo GmbH (Munich Society for the Promotion of Economic Research)coreOthersA related entity (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung) with shared leadership (Clemens Fuest as Managing Director), supporting the CESifo Network of over 2,000 international economists. Registered in Munich, HRB 125257.
  • EconPol EuropecoreStrategic or Co-development Partnerifo's European economic policy platform contributing evidence-based economic policy recommendations. Coordinates policy debate between academia, politics, and society across European economies. Andrea Balestracci serves as Director.
  • TU DresdenminorStrategic or Co-development Partnerifo Dresden is located at the TU Dresden campus, enabling collaboration with the university's economics faculty. Marcel Thum serves as Director of ifo Dresden.
  • Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)minorStrategic or Co-development PartnerCollaboration with FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg as part of ifo's network of university partnerships supporting doctoral and research programs.
  • Leibniz Association (Leibniz-Gemeinschaft)coreOthersThe ifo Institute is a member of the Leibniz Association, a network of non-university research institutions. Operates under the Leibniz Association's guidelines for good scientific practice and equality standards, and is subject to its quality management system (DIN EN ISO 9001).
  • Stiftung Familienunternehmen (Family Business Foundation)minorStrategic or Co-development PartnerCommissioned and fully funded the 'Unternehmensmonitor' survey project conducted by the ifo Institute, surveying family and non-family companies across all sizes and sectors in Germany on various topics.

Scale indicators3 records

Recent moves7 records

Expansion highlights6 records

Ifo Institute competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Direct peers

  • The Conference Board: The Conference Board produces flagship monthly business and consumer sentiment indicators (US Consumer Confidence, CEO Confidence, Leading Economic Indicators) and economic research for member organizations. Its survey-driven index methodology is directly comparable to ifo Business Climate Germany's approach.
  • Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE): PIIE is a US non-profit economic policy research institute focused on international economics, trade, and macro policy. It is comparable to ifo's Center for International Economics and broader policy advisory mandate, competing for global economic-policy mindshare.
  • KOF Swiss Economic Institute (ETH Zurich): KOF runs the KOF Economic Barometer, a Swiss monthly indicator built on a large-scale company survey, making it a methodological peer to ifo's Business Climate Index. Both are publicly funded university-affiliated economic research institutes producing survey-driven leading indicators.
  • ZEW (Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research): ZEW is a Leibniz Association economic research institute based in Mannheim that runs the ZEW Indicator of Economic Sentiment, a monthly survey-driven business indicator analogous to the ifo Business Climate Index. It is the closest structural peer in scale, funding model, and survey-based methodology.
  • CEPR (Centre for Economic Policy Research): CEPR is a European economic research network of more than 1,400 economists that distributes working papers, hosts policy events, and feeds research into European policy debates. It is structurally comparable to ifo's CESifo Network plus EconPol Europe policy-platform combination.
  • DIW Berlin (German Institute for Economic Research): DIW Berlin is another Leibniz Association economic research institute providing German macroeconomic analysis, policy advice, and peer-reviewed publications. It competes with ifo for media attention, government advisory mandates, and academic placements in Germany.
  • IWH (Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle): IWH is a Leibniz economic research institute focused on productivity, structural change, and East German economic analysis. It is comparable to ifo in funding model and policy advisory role, and overlaps in survey-driven German economic analysis.
  • NBER (National Bureau of Economic Research): NBER is a US-based non-profit economic research organization producing working papers, business cycle dating, and policy-relevant research. It is comparable in academic-network-driven research model and policy-influence positioning to ifo's CESifo Network and publications.
  • RWI (Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung): RWI Essen is a Leibniz economic research institute producing economic reports, policy advice, and survey-based analyses for Germany. It shares ifo's public-funding base and policy-advisory positioning with overlapping research themes.

Broad incumbents

  • Brookings Institution: Brookings is a large, established US think tank with a significant economic policy program covering macroeconomics, trade, and fiscal policy. It overlaps with ifo on policy advice and economic publications but operates at much larger scale and across non-economic domains.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat6 records

Key risks5 records

Key highlights6 records

Customer concentration

Ifo Institute social profiles

Digital presence

Ifo Institute compliance and trust

Trust signal

Compliance5 records

Ifo Institute financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Ifo Institute leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Profiles17 records

Ifo Institute subsidiaries and ownership

Company hierarchy

Subsidiaries5 records

Ifo Institute funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Ifo Institute M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Ifo Institute

What does Ifo Institute do?

The Ifo Institute is a non-profit economic research institute that produces policy-relevant economic research, monthly business climate surveys, and economic forecasts for Germany and Europe. Its core offering is the ifo Business Climate Index (ifo Geschäftsklima Deutschland), a monthly survey-based indicator based on responses from approximately 9,000 German companies, complemented by the ifo Employment Barometer, sector-specific surveys, regular GDP and inflation forecasts, and peer-reviewed academic publications disseminated through ten specialized research centers.

Is Ifo Institute a public or private company?

Ifo Institute is a private company. It is classified as nonprofit foundation owned and is currently operating.

When was Ifo Institute founded?

Ifo Institute was founded in 1949. It employs 101 to 250 people.

Where is Ifo Institute based?

Ifo Institute is headquartered in Munich, Germany, in the Europe region.

Who are Ifo Institute's main competitors?

Direct peers on record are The Conference Board, Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE), KOF Swiss Economic Institute (ETH Zurich), ZEW (Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research), CEPR (Centre for Economic Policy Research), DIW Berlin (German Institute for Economic Research), IWH (Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle), NBER (National Bureau of Economic Research) and RWI (Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung). Brookings Institution is listed as a broad incumbent.

Does Ifo Institute have an API?

No public API is recorded for Ifo Institute.

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Live signals
ReutersIfo Institut: Mehrheit für verpflichtende Maßnahmen in frühkindlicher BildungA majority of Germans support compulsory early childhood education measures, with 72% favoring a mandatory preschool year and 79% for uniform national goals. 89% back mandatory language tests at age 4.5, citing Pisa test results showing declining German student performance.FinanzNachrichten.deIfo: Zölle gegen China nur begrenzt wirksamIfo researchers Lisandra Flach and Andreas Baur argue that additional EU tariffs on Chinese imports can only partially address critical dependencies and unfair competition. They warn that tariffs carry significant economic costs and unintended side effects, and that they cannot replace measures to strengthen competitiveness and innovation. The researchers recommend the EU coordinate with allies rather than acting alone.FinanzNachrichten.deRandstad- und Ifo-Umfrage: Firmen planen mehr befristete VerträgeA survey of 469 German employers by Randstad and ifo found 26% plan to use more fixed-term contracts in Q3 2026, up from 12% a year earlier. The survey also shows 30% currently use such contracts, with higher rates in industry (42%) and large firms (59%). The shift signals growing uncertainty amid weak growth and geopolitical shocks.FinanzNachrichten.deifo Index: Unternehmensstimmung trotzt hohen EnergiepreisenThe ifo business climate index rose for the fifth consecutive month, with German company sentiment better than before the Middle East conflict. Rising oil, gas, and fuel prices, recent election results, and concerns over reform dilution did not dampen optimism.Dagens industriTyska näringslivsklimatet hetare än väntatGermany's IFO business climate index rose to 89.9 in September, up from 88.8 in August. The current situation index reached 89.5 and the expectations index 90.4, both beating consensus forecasts of 89.0 and 89.3 respectively.investingLiveGermany business sentiment improves further in September despite price concerns - IfoGermany's Ifo business climate index rose to 89.9 in September, beating the 89.1 expected, while the expectations index climbed to 90.4. The outlook remains challenging due to higher energy prices and surging rates, which could pressure margins and credit conditions.DevdiscourseIfo Analysis Sparks Debate Over German Government's Debt UtilizationIfo analysis claims over a third of Germany's projected 2025 defence borrowing was diverted, citing €11B of €28.6B extra borrowing not aligned with defence. The finance ministry opposes the claim, defending expenditures as constitutional. The ruling coalition's 2027 budget faces scrutiny, with AfD seeking a constitutional review.Capital.grIfo: Η Γερμανία κατεύθυνε αλλού πάνω από το ένα τρίτο του χρέους που ήταν...Ifo analysis found over one-third of Germany's 2025 defense exemption spending was used for other purposes. The exemption covered €72.2 billion in 2025, with €28.6 billion in additional borrowing, leaving €11 billion unused for defense. This represents a 38.5% diversion to other uses.DevdiscourseGermany's Misappropriation of Defense Funds Sparks Fiscal DebateAn Ifo Institute analysis found that over a third of additional debt intended for defense was diverted in 2025. The report cites an 11 billion euro shortfall and a 38.5% misappropriation rate, with the finance ministry not responding.FinanzNachrichten.deHomeoffice bei jedem dritten Dienstleister etabliertIn August, 35.1% of service-sector employees worked at least partially from home, per the Ifo business survey. The overall economy's home office share was 24.9%, with retail and construction lower. The researcher said no significant changes have occurred in home office usage.