Developer docs
API playgroundTry for free, no card

Search company profiles

SASAC

Full company profile

uuid000iw2w

Namestring
SASAC
Legal namestring
State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
2003
Descriptiontext

The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (SASAC) is a ministerial-level government administrative organization directly subordinated to the State Council of the People's Republic of China. Established in 2003 and headquartered in Beijing, SASAC is an ad-hoc commission whose Party Committee performs responsibilities mandated by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Its core function is to supervise and administer state-owned assets of centrally-administered state-owned enterprises (SOEs) on behalf of the state, exercising ownership and oversight rights over approximately 100 central SOEs spanning energy, telecommunications, transportation, defense, finance, rare earths, electrical equipment, and other strategic sectors.

SASAC does not develop or sell commercial products or services and has no proprietary technology stack, pricing model, or customer-facing go-to-market motion. Its activity is regulatory and supervisory, encompassing SOE formation and restructuring (e.g., establishment of China Rare Earth Group in December 2021 and China Electrical Equipment Group in September 2021), approval of foreign-invested joint ventures, and high-level international engagement with bodies such as the World Economic Forum, Siemens AG, Temasek Holdings, and foreign state-asset agencies. Its revenue model is state budgetary funding rather than commercial sales, and it operates an English-language website (en.sasac.gov.cn) for information dissemination about SOEs and policy announcements.

For investors, SASAC is not an investable entity — it is a sovereign regulatory institution. Its strategic significance for PE/VC/M&A audiences lies in its gatekeeping role over the central SOE portfolio, including approvals, restructurings, and partnership orchestration that materially shape the operating environment for Chinese state-affiliated capital flows and foreign-invested joint ventures.

Short descriptiontext

SASAC is a ministerial-level Chinese government commission, directly under the State Council, that supervises and administers approximately 100 central state-owned enterprises across strategic sectors including energy, telecommunications, defense, transportation, finance, rare earths, and electrical equipment. It exercises state ownership rights on behalf of the Chinese Communist Party's Central Committee.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersBeijing, China
HQ citystring
Beijing
HQ countrystring
China
HQ regionstring
Asia
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices1 record

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
state-owned enterprise supervision, government regulatory oversight, central SOE administration, state asset management, ministerial-level commission
Industry1 code
1Central Government Policy, Strategy & Performance (incl. OMB-style functions)
CodeBPAIAAABPrimaryYes
NAICS code1 code
  • Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support921
Product category
Government Regulatory and State-Owned Enterprise Supervision
No data
Marketing channels1 record

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Cost components4 values
Personnel, Operations, Infrastructure, Others
GTM typeB2B
B2B
Offering typeServices
Services
Core offering1 text field

SASAC is a ministerial-level government organization under China's State Council that performs regulatory supervision and administrative oversight of central state-owned enterprises (SOEs). It exercises ownership and supervisory rights on behalf of the state over approximately 100 central SOEs spanning energy, telecommunications, transportation, defense, finance, infrastructure, and manufacturing. Its core activities include state-owned asset supervision, policy issuance, corporate governance oversight, approval of corporate restructurings, and facilitation of state-directed enterprise development.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Product overview1 text field

SASAC is a ministerial-level government administrative organization under China's State Council that performs supervisory and administrative responsibilities over central state-owned enterprises. It does not offer commercial products or services in the traditional sense. Its role is regulatory and supervisory, overseeing approximately 100 central state-owned enterprises across various sectors including energy, infrastructure, telecommunications, transportation, and manufacturing.

Product and service5 records
1Central State-Owned Enterprise Supervision and Administration
CategoryGovernment Regulatory Oversight
Description

Regulatory and administrative oversight of approximately 100 central state-owned enterprises (SOEs) across strategic sectors including energy, telecommunications, transportation, defense, finance, infrastructure, and manufacturing, performed on behalf of China's State Council.

2State-Owned Asset Supervision
CategoryState Asset Management
Description

Supervision and administration of state-owned assets of centrally-administered SOEs, exercising ownership rights on behalf of the state through the Party Committee of SASAC, which performs responsibilities mandated by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

3Corporate Restructuring and Joint Venture Regulatory Approval
CategoryCorporate Restructuring Approval
Description

Regulatory approval authority for corporate restructurings, joint ventures, and the establishment of new central state-owned enterprises, as demonstrated by the 2021 establishment approvals for China Rare Earth Group Co., Ltd and China Electrical Equipment Group Co., Ltd.

4SOE Directory and Policy Publications
CategoryGovernment Information Services
Description

Digital publication and dissemination of an official SOE directory, policies, announcements, news, and feature articles via the SASAC official English website at en.sasac.gov.cn, serving as an information resource on Chinese central state-owned enterprises.

5China Enterprise Forum (Co-Organized with ACFIC and Xinhua News Agency)
CategoryGovernment-Sponsored Forum
Description

Forum co-organized by SASAC, ACFIC, and Xinhua News Agency serving as a platform for discussion on enterprise development, industrial upgrading, and economic cooperation in China.

Scale indicator1 record

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Partnership6 partners
Strategic tierMinorTypeStrategic or Co-development PartnerAnnounced on2026-05-29
Description

SASAC Vice Chairman Li Zhen met with Roman Cojuhari, General Director of the Public Property Agency of Moldova, to discuss bilateral cooperation on state asset administration.

Strategic tierMajorTypeStrategic or Co-development PartnerAnnounced on2026-05-27
Description

SASAC Chairman Zhang Yuzhuo met with Alois Zwinggi, Interim President and CEO of the World Economic Forum in May 2026, demonstrating ongoing international engagement and cooperation between SASAC and global economic organizations.

Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development PartnerAnnounced on2026-03-27
Description

SASAC Chairman Zhang Yuzhuo met with Roland Busch, Chairman of the Managing Board of Siemens AG, to discuss cooperation between Chinese SOEs and Siemens in March 2026.

Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development PartnerAnnounced on2026-03-27
Description

SASAC Chairman Zhang Yuzhuo met with Teo Chee Hean, Chairman of Temasek Holdings, to discuss investment and cooperation opportunities in March 2026.

Strategic tierMajorTypeStrategic or Co-development PartnerAnnounced on2025-11-03
Description

SASAC co-organizes the China Enterprise Forum with ACFIC and Xinhua News Agency. The 8th China Enterprise Forum was held in Beijing in November 2025 under joint guidance of SASAC, ACFIC, and Xinhua News Agency, focusing on topics including industrial chain development, world-class enterprise building, and youth entrepreneurship.

Strategic tierMajorTypeStrategic or Co-development PartnerAnnounced on2025-11-03
Description

SASAC co-organizes the China Enterprise Forum with Xinhua News Agency and ACFIC. The forum serves as a platform for discussion on enterprise development, industrial upgrading, and economic cooperation in China.

Recent move8 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight3 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers10 records
TypeBroad incumbent
Description

French public investment bank supporting enterprise development, innovation, and internationalization, owned by the French State and Caisse des Dépôts. Comparable in its state-mandated role of stewarding strategic national enterprise capital.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Singapore's sovereign wealth fund managing the country's foreign reserves with significant stakes in strategic global assets. Shares with SASAC the role of managing state capital at scale across geographies and sectors.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Singapore state-owned investment company that holds and manages equity in strategically important national assets. Like SASAC, it combines sovereign ownership with portfolio oversight, and SASAC leadership held direct dialogue with Temasek in March 2026.

TypeEmerging player
Description

Moldovan government body that administers state-owned assets and enterprises. Directly comparable in function (state asset administration), though at far smaller scale; SASAC's vice chairman met with Moldova's PPA General Director in May 2026 on bilateral cooperation.

TypeRegional player
Description

Saudi Arabia's sovereign wealth fund that holds and develops strategic national assets across sectors. Operates a comparable ownership-plus-supervision model for state-linked enterprises, though focused primarily on domestic Saudi giga-projects.

TypeRegional player
Description

Malaysian sovereign wealth fund that holds strategic stakes in national corporations and drives industrial policy. Shares SASAC's blended ownership-and-strategy mandate over state-linked commercial enterprises.

TypeRegional player
Description

UAE sovereign investor managing a diversified portfolio of strategic domestic and international assets. Comparable in mandate to steward state-owned capital across sectors, though more commercially investment-oriented than SASAC's regulatory remit.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Italian state-owned financial institution that channels public capital into strategic national enterprises and infrastructure, operating under ministerial oversight. Shares SASAC's role as a state-aligned capital allocator to national champions.

TypeDirect peer
Description

France's state shareholding agency under the Ministry of Economy, which supervises state equity in major French enterprises (Airbus, EDF, Renault, etc.). Closely mirrors SASAC's dual ownership-and-supervisory mandate over central SOEs.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

German state-owned development and promotional bank owned by the Federal Republic and German states, financing strategic sectors and SMEs. Comparable to SASAC in its role as a state instrument for directing capital toward national policy goals.

Market position
Strengths4 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Weaknesses4 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat3 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights6 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Ideal customer profile2 records

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
No
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Profiles2 records

Each record includes

Name, Designation, Designation category, Overview, Profile commentary, Source

No data
No data
Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A1 record

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment9 records

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

SASAC

Government Regulatory and State-Owned Enterprise Supervisionen.sasac.gov.cn

SASAC is a ministerial-level Chinese government commission, directly under the State Council, that supervises and administers approximately 100 central state-owned enterprises across strategic sectors including energy, telecommunications, defense, transportation, finance, rare earths, and electrical equipment. It exercises state ownership rights on behalf of the Chinese Communist Party's Central Committee.

What SASAC does

The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (SASAC) is a ministerial-level government administrative organization directly subordinated to the State Council of the People's Republic of China. Established in 2003 and headquartered in Beijing, SASAC is an ad-hoc commission whose Party Committee performs responsibilities mandated by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Its core function is to supervise and administer state-owned assets of centrally-administered state-owned enterprises (SOEs) on behalf of the state, exercising ownership and oversight rights over approximately 100 central SOEs spanning energy, telecommunications, transportation, defense, finance, rare earths, electrical equipment, and other strategic sectors.

SASAC does not develop or sell commercial products or services and has no proprietary technology stack, pricing model, or customer-facing go-to-market motion. Its activity is regulatory and supervisory, encompassing SOE formation and restructuring (e.g., establishment of China Rare Earth Group in December 2021 and China Electrical Equipment Group in September 2021), approval of foreign-invested joint ventures, and high-level international engagement with bodies such as the World Economic Forum, Siemens AG, Temasek Holdings, and foreign state-asset agencies. Its revenue model is state budgetary funding rather than commercial sales, and it operates an English-language website (en.sasac.gov.cn) for information dissemination about SOEs and policy announcements.

For investors, SASAC is not an investable entity — it is a sovereign regulatory institution. Its strategic significance for PE/VC/M&A audiences lies in its gatekeeping role over the central SOE portfolio, including approvals, restructurings, and partnership orchestration that materially shape the operating environment for Chinese state-affiliated capital flows and foreign-invested joint ventures.

SASAC firmographics

Firmographics
Name
SASAC
Legal name
State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council
Website
http://en.sasac.gov.cn/
Company type
Private
Founded year
2003
Operating status
Operating
Short description
SASAC is a ministerial-level Chinese government commission, directly under the State Council, that supervises and administers approximately 100 central state-owned enterprises across strategic sectors including energy, telecommunications, defense, transportation, finance, rare earths, and electrical equipment. It exercises state ownership rights on behalf of the Chinese Communist Party's Central Committee.
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

SASAC industry classification

Industry
Product category
Government Regulatory and State-Owned Enterprise Supervision
NAICS
Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support (921)
akta.pro primary industry
Central Government Policy, Strategy & Performance (incl. OMB-style functions) (BPAIAAAB)

Keywords

  • State-owned enterprise supervision
  • Government regulatory oversight
  • Central SOE administration
  • State asset management
  • Ministerial-level commission

Where SASAC is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
Beijing
HQ country
China
HQ region
Asia

Offices1 record

Markets served

SASAC business model

Business model
GTM type
B2B
Offering type
Services
Cost components
Personnel, Operations, Infrastructure, Others

Marketing channels1 record

SASAC product offering

Product offering

Core offering

SASAC is a ministerial-level government organization under China's State Council that performs regulatory supervision and administrative oversight of central state-owned enterprises (SOEs). It exercises ownership and supervisory rights on behalf of the state over approximately 100 central SOEs spanning energy, telecommunications, transportation, defense, finance, infrastructure, and manufacturing. Its core activities include state-owned asset supervision, policy issuance, corporate governance oversight, approval of corporate restructurings, and facilitation of state-directed enterprise development.

Product overview

SASAC is a ministerial-level government administrative organization under China's State Council that performs supervisory and administrative responsibilities over central state-owned enterprises. It does not offer commercial products or services in the traditional sense. Its role is regulatory and supervisory, overseeing approximately 100 central state-owned enterprises across various sectors including energy, infrastructure, telecommunications, transportation, and manufacturing.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Products and services

  • Central State-Owned Enterprise Supervision and Administration Regulatory and administrative oversight of approximately 100 central state-owned enterprises (SOEs) across strategic sectors including energy, telecommunications, transportation, defense, finance, infrastructure, and manufacturing, performed on behalf of China's State Council.
  • State-Owned Asset Supervision Supervision and administration of state-owned assets of centrally-administered SOEs, exercising ownership rights on behalf of the state through the Party Committee of SASAC, which performs responsibilities mandated by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
  • Corporate Restructuring and Joint Venture Regulatory Approval Regulatory approval authority for corporate restructurings, joint ventures, and the establishment of new central state-owned enterprises, as demonstrated by the 2021 establishment approvals for China Rare Earth Group Co., Ltd and China Electrical Equipment Group Co., Ltd.
  • SOE Directory and Policy Publications Digital publication and dissemination of an official SOE directory, policies, announcements, news, and feature articles via the SASAC official English website at en.sasac.gov.cn, serving as an information resource on Chinese central state-owned enterprises.
  • China Enterprise Forum (Co-Organized with ACFIC and Xinhua News Agency) Forum co-organized by SASAC, ACFIC, and Xinhua News Agency serving as a platform for discussion on enterprise development, industrial upgrading, and economic cooperation in China.

Companies that use SASAC

Customer profile

Ideal customer profiles2 records

SASAC technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

SASAC partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Partnerships

Six partnerships are on record, tiered minor, major and core.

  • Public Property Agency of MoldovaminorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 29 May 2026SASAC Vice Chairman Li Zhen met with Roman Cojuhari, General Director of the Public Property Agency of Moldova, to discuss bilateral cooperation on state asset administration.
  • World Economic ForummajorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 27 May 2026SASAC Chairman Zhang Yuzhuo met with Alois Zwinggi, Interim President and CEO of the World Economic Forum in May 2026, demonstrating ongoing international engagement and cooperation between SASAC and global economic organizations.
  • Siemens AGcoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 27 March 2026SASAC Chairman Zhang Yuzhuo met with Roland Busch, Chairman of the Managing Board of Siemens AG, to discuss cooperation between Chinese SOEs and Siemens in March 2026.
  • Temasek HoldingscoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 27 March 2026SASAC Chairman Zhang Yuzhuo met with Teo Chee Hean, Chairman of Temasek Holdings, to discuss investment and cooperation opportunities in March 2026.
  • All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC)majorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 3 November 2025SASAC co-organizes the China Enterprise Forum with ACFIC and Xinhua News Agency. The 8th China Enterprise Forum was held in Beijing in November 2025 under joint guidance of SASAC, ACFIC, and Xinhua News Agency, focusing on topics including industrial chain development, world-class enterprise building, and youth entrepreneurship.
  • Xinhua News AgencymajorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 3 November 2025SASAC co-organizes the China Enterprise Forum with Xinhua News Agency and ACFIC. The forum serves as a platform for discussion on enterprise development, industrial upgrading, and economic cooperation in China.

Scale indicators1 record

Recent moves8 records

Expansion highlights3 records

SASAC competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Broad incumbents

  • Bpifrance: French public investment bank supporting enterprise development, innovation, and internationalization, owned by the French State and Caisse des Dépôts. Comparable in its state-mandated role of stewarding strategic national enterprise capital.
  • GIC (Singapore): Singapore's sovereign wealth fund managing the country's foreign reserves with significant stakes in strategic global assets. Shares with SASAC the role of managing state capital at scale across geographies and sectors.
  • Temasek Holdings: Singapore state-owned investment company that holds and manages equity in strategically important national assets. Like SASAC, it combines sovereign ownership with portfolio oversight, and SASAC leadership held direct dialogue with Temasek in March 2026.
  • Cassa Depositi e Prestiti (CDP): Italian state-owned financial institution that channels public capital into strategic national enterprises and infrastructure, operating under ministerial oversight. Shares SASAC's role as a state-aligned capital allocator to national champions.
  • KfW Group: German state-owned development and promotional bank owned by the Federal Republic and German states, financing strategic sectors and SMEs. Comparable to SASAC in its role as a state instrument for directing capital toward national policy goals.

Emerging players

  • Public Property Agency of Moldova: Moldovan government body that administers state-owned assets and enterprises. Directly comparable in function (state asset administration), though at far smaller scale; SASAC's vice chairman met with Moldova's PPA General Director in May 2026 on bilateral cooperation.

Regional players

  • Public Investment Fund (PIF) - Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia's sovereign wealth fund that holds and develops strategic national assets across sectors. Operates a comparable ownership-plus-supervision model for state-linked enterprises, though focused primarily on domestic Saudi giga-projects.
  • Khazanah Nasional: Malaysian sovereign wealth fund that holds strategic stakes in national corporations and drives industrial policy. Shares SASAC's blended ownership-and-strategy mandate over state-linked commercial enterprises.
  • Mubadala Investment Company: UAE sovereign investor managing a diversified portfolio of strategic domestic and international assets. Comparable in mandate to steward state-owned capital across sectors, though more commercially investment-oriented than SASAC's regulatory remit.

Direct peers

  • Agence des participations de l'État (APE): France's state shareholding agency under the Ministry of Economy, which supervises state equity in major French enterprises (Airbus, EDF, Renault, etc.). Closely mirrors SASAC's dual ownership-and-supervisory mandate over central SOEs.

Market position

Strengths4 records

Weaknesses4 records

Competitive moat3 records

Key risks5 records

Key highlights6 records

Customer concentration

SASAC financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

SASAC leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Profiles2 records

SASAC funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

SASAC M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A1 record

Investments9 records

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about SASAC

What does SASAC do?

SASAC is a ministerial-level government organization under China's State Council that performs regulatory supervision and administrative oversight of central state-owned enterprises (SOEs). It exercises ownership and supervisory rights on behalf of the state over approximately 100 central SOEs spanning energy, telecommunications, transportation, defense, finance, infrastructure, and manufacturing. Its core activities include state-owned asset supervision, policy issuance, corporate governance oversight, approval of corporate restructurings, and facilitation of state-directed enterprise development.

Is SASAC a public or private company?

SASAC is a private company. It is classified as state government owned and is currently operating.

When was SASAC founded?

SASAC was founded in 2003.

Where is SASAC based?

SASAC is headquartered in Beijing, China, in the Asia region.

Who are SASAC's main competitors?

Broad incumbents on record are Bpifrance, GIC (Singapore), Temasek Holdings, Cassa Depositi e Prestiti (CDP) and KfW Group. Public Property Agency of Moldova is listed as an emerging player. Regional players are Public Investment Fund (PIF) - Saudi Arabia, Khazanah Nasional and Mubadala Investment Company. Agence des participations de l'État (APE) is listed as a direct peer.

Does SASAC have an API?

No public API is recorded for SASAC.

What industry is SASAC in?

SASAC's product category is Government Regulatory and State-Owned Enterprise Supervision. Its primary akta.pro industry code is BPAIAAAB, Central Government Policy, Strategy & Performance (incl. OMB-style functions). Its NAICS code is 921.

Unlock the full company data

50 free credits on sign-up, no credit card required.

Contact sales
Live signals
Naver中, 딥시크·문샷AI 조사…중국 AI 기업주 ‘털썩’[마켓무버]China's CAC sent officials to interview employees at DeepSeek and Moonshot AI, investigating potential data leaks via Anthropic's Claude. ZhupuAI and MiniMax stocks fell 12% and 6.8% respectively, while Alibaba dropped 5%. SASAC is also investigating Broadcom switches in state data centers.GestionEmpresas chinas: ¿independientes de quién?Indecopi concluded that SASAC exercises control over Peruvian companies including Luz del Sur, Chinalco, and Las Bambas, despite their claims of autonomy. The commission cited SASAC's powers to appoint directors and modify corporate structure, and noted 69 economic agents under SASAC's supervision. The ruling applies regardless of nationality, per the OECD's guidance on state-owned enterprises.BastillepostChina's central SOEs upgrade open source platform to deepen AI collaborationSASAC launched the Huanxin Community 2.0, an upgraded open-source AI platform for central state-owned enterprises, at the 2026 World AI Conference to enhance collaboration and data sharing. The platform provides access to domestic computing power and thousands of AI models, with China Mobile participating in its development and showcasing AI applications such as optimized hydropower management in Guizhou Province.Caixin GlobalChina Names Aerospace Veteran Party Chief of State-Assets RegulatorChina appointed Cheng Fubo, chairman of Aviation Industry Corp. of China, as Communist Party chief of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission on Tuesday. The move places a longtime aerospace and defense executive at the top of the agency overseeing China's central state-owned enterprises.SciencedirectCompliance management and investment efficiency in state-owned enterprises: Evidence from ChinaAn academic paper examines how China's compliance management guidelines affect the investment efficiency of state-owned enterprises, arguing they improve decision-making through risk identification, review and accountability systems. It cites SASAC regulations, including the 2018 "Central Enterprise Compliance Management Guidelines" and 2022 "Measures for the Compliance Management of Central Enterprises."