Developer docs
API playgroundTry for free, no card

Search company profiles

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

Full company profile

uuid000j8tg

Namestring
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Legal namestring
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
Websiteurl
boku.ac.at
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
1872
Descriptiontext

The University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) is a public Austrian university founded in 1872 and headquartered at Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, with additional campuses at Muthgasse, Tulln an der Donau (UFT), and Forchtenstein (Forest Demonstration Centre). The institution focuses on the sustainable management of natural resources and life sciences, organized across six departments: Agricultural Sciences; Biotechnology and Food Sciences; Landscape, Water and Infrastructure; Natural Sciences and Sustainable Resources; Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity; and Economics and Social Sciences. It serves approximately 10,478 students and roughly 3,000 employees, drawing its community from DACH, Central Europe, the Danube River Basin, and Southeastern Europe through 360 international partner universities. BOKU's academic and research activities are supported by an IT and administrative platform stack that includes BOKUonline (student information system), BOKUlearn/Moodle (learning management system), BOKUportal, BOKU:LITsearch, the FIS research information system, the Abstracts thesis repository, and BOKU Core Facilities for shared research infrastructure.

BOKU's revenue model rests on three streams: federal and state public funding through the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (the largest share); third-party research funding from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), EU research programs such as the DANUBElifelines initiative, and strategic research partnerships with industry; and tuition fees from non-EU international students and continuing education programs delivered through the Akademie für Weiterbildung. Strategic research alliances — including ACIB (industrial biotechnology), FFoQSI (feed and food quality), Wood Kplus (wood and biobased materials), BEST (applied ecology), Wassercluster Lunz (aquatic ecosystems), and a 20-year cooperation with the Umweltbundesamt (Austrian Environment Agency) — anchor commercial and applied-research revenue. Distribution is executed through degree programs, research collaboration agreements, continuing education, technology transfer, and spin-off support. In 2025, BOKU underwent a significant organizational restructuring with the establishment of the new Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, following a March 2024 brand relaunch that repositioned the institution around values of innovation, internationalization, and sustainability.

Short descriptiontext

BOKU is a public Austrian university (founded 1872) specializing in sustainable management of natural resources and life sciences, serving approximately 10,478 students and 3,000 employees across six departments, with operations in Vienna, Tulln, and Forchtenstein.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
Headcount rangeband
1,001–5,000
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersVienna, Austria
HQ citystring
Vienna
HQ countrystring
Austria
HQ regionstring
Europe
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices4 records

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
life sciences education, natural resource management, sustainability research, agricultural sciences, biotechnology research
Industry2 codes
1Public Research Universities with Multi-Campus Systems
CodeEDAHAAAIPrimaryYes
2Technical Universities with Architecture, Built Environment & Design Engineering
CodeEDAHAEAJPrimaryNo
NAICS code1 code
  • Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools61131
Product category
Higher Education and Research
GTM motion1 record

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

Revenue model3 records
1Public Funding
TypeSubscription Recurring
Description

As a public Austrian university, BOKU receives government funding from federal and state sources for education and research activities.

boku.ac.at
2Research Grants and Drittmittel
TypeProfessional Services
Description

External research funding from Austrian Science Fund (FWF), EU research programs, and other grant sources. Strategic research partnerships with industry and public institutions generate additional research income.

boku.ac.at
3Tuition Fees
TypeSubscription Recurring
Description

Tuition fees from international students (non-EU) and continuing education programs including the Academy for Further Education (Akademie für Weiterbildung).

boku.ac.at
Marketing channels5 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels3 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

Cost components5 values
Personnel, Operations, Technology or R&D, Infrastructure, Marketing or Sales
GTM typeB2B and B2C
B2B and B2C
Offering typeServices
Services
Core offering1 text field

BOKU is a public university that delivers higher education programs (bachelor, master, doctoral degrees) and conducts academic research in life sciences, natural resource management, sustainability sciences, biotechnology, and agricultural sciences. The institution operates six specialized departments across its Vienna, Tulln, and Forchtenstein campuses, providing degree programs to approximately 10,478 students and producing research through strategic partnerships with industry and government bodies including ACIB, FFoQSI, Wood Kplus, and the Austrian Environment Agency.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Quantifiable outcome1 of 3 values shown
  • Ranked best Austrian university in THE SDG-Impact Rating 2026 for sustainability impact
+2 more records
Product overview1 text field

The University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) is a higher education institution offering degree programs and conducting research. Its product portfolio consists of educational and administrative platforms including BOKUonline for student enrollment and course registration, BOKUlearn (Moodle-based LMS) for course delivery, BOKUportal for general access, and FIS for research information management. Supporting infrastructure includes the Abstracts repository system for thesis publications, BOKU Core Facilities for shared research equipment, and various student services. BOKU provides IT services through BOKU-IT Hotline and cloud storage via BOKUbox. Additional programs include BOKU Mobility4Health for campus mobility and the MINT-Mentoring program for postdoc development. The university publishes BOKU Magazin for institutional communications.

Product and service6 records
1Bachelor Degree Programs
CategoryHigher Education - Undergraduate
Description

Undergraduate degree programs offered across BOKU's six academic departments, covering agricultural sciences, biotechnology, food sciences, landscape architecture, water management, infrastructure, natural sciences, sustainable resources, ecosystem management, and economics, aimed at prospective domestic and international students.

2Master Degree Programs
CategoryHigher Education - Graduate
Description

Graduate degree programs aligned with BOKU's six academic departments in life sciences, sustainability, biotechnology, natural resource management, and related fields, offered to students holding a first degree and seeking advanced specialization.

3Doctoral Programs
CategoryHigher Education - Doctoral
Description

Research-focused doctoral degree programs in life sciences, sustainability, and natural resource management, producing the next generation of academic researchers, with research training embedded in BOKU's departments and core facilities.

4Akademie für Weiterbildung (Continuing Education)
CategoryContinuing Education and Professional Development
Description

Continuing education and professional development programs delivered through BOKU's Academy for Continuing Education, offering paid courses and certifications in life sciences, natural resources, and sustainability for working professionals and academics seeking additional qualifications.

5BOKU Core Facilities
CategoryResearch Infrastructure Services
Description

Centralized shared research infrastructure providing external and internal researchers access to specialized scientific equipment and technical services across multiple domains (e.g., mass spectrometry, genomics, imaging, field stations), operated by BOKU for use by academic and industry collaborators.

6Research Collaboration Services
CategoryContract Research and Technology Transfer
Description

Contracted research, technology transfer, and consulting services delivered through strategic partnerships with industry, government agencies, and international research networks (including ACIB, FFoQSI, Wood Kplus, and CD-Laboratories) in life sciences, biotechnology, and environmental research.

Scale indicator5 records

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Partnership9 partners
1DANUBElifelines Initiative
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development PartnerAnnounced on2025-05-01
Description

EU-funded initiative launched May 2025 bringing together scientists, conservationists, and local communities across the Danube River Basin to restore river ecosystems and biodiversity over a four-year period. Working in 8 demonstration areas spanning Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria.

projects.research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Strategic research partnership for industrial biotechnology research and development collaboration.

Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Strategic partnership in feed and food quality research and innovation.

Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Strategic research cooperation in wood and biobased materials research.

5BEST (Austrian Institute for Applied Ecology)
Strategic tierMajorTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Research partnership in applied ecology and environmental sciences.

boku.ac.at
Strategic tierMajorTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Research partnership in water sciences and aquatic ecosystem research.

Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

20-year strategic cooperation between BOKU and the Austrian Environment Agency for joint research, knowledge transfer, and environmental monitoring. Includes dedicated cooperation center and regular joint activities.

Strategic tierMajorTypeGTM or Marketing Partner
Description

Funding partnership for BOKU Mobility4Health project combining workplace mobility management and health promotion. Funded under the priority 'Workplace Health Promotion and Active Mobility' from March 2025 to October 2026.

Strategic tierMajorTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

European university alliance for international teaching and learning collaboration across borders.

Recent move9 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight6 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Market position
Weaknesses4 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat5 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights6 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Named customers3 records

Each record includes

Name, Industry, Type, Use case, Source, UUID

Segment3 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Ideal customer profile3 records

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
No
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Profiles9 records

Each record includes

Name, Designation, Designation category, Overview, Profile commentary, Source

No data
No data
Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

Higher Education and Researchboku.ac.at

BOKU is a public Austrian university (founded 1872) specializing in sustainable management of natural resources and life sciences, serving approximately 10,478 students and 3,000 employees across six departments, with operations in Vienna, Tulln, and Forchtenstein.

What University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences does

The University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) is a public Austrian university founded in 1872 and headquartered at Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, with additional campuses at Muthgasse, Tulln an der Donau (UFT), and Forchtenstein (Forest Demonstration Centre). The institution focuses on the sustainable management of natural resources and life sciences, organized across six departments: Agricultural Sciences; Biotechnology and Food Sciences; Landscape, Water and Infrastructure; Natural Sciences and Sustainable Resources; Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity; and Economics and Social Sciences. It serves approximately 10,478 students and roughly 3,000 employees, drawing its community from DACH, Central Europe, the Danube River Basin, and Southeastern Europe through 360 international partner universities. BOKU's academic and research activities are supported by an IT and administrative platform stack that includes BOKUonline (student information system), BOKUlearn/Moodle (learning management system), BOKUportal, BOKU:LITsearch, the FIS research information system, the Abstracts thesis repository, and BOKU Core Facilities for shared research infrastructure.

BOKU's revenue model rests on three streams: federal and state public funding through the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (the largest share); third-party research funding from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), EU research programs such as the DANUBElifelines initiative, and strategic research partnerships with industry; and tuition fees from non-EU international students and continuing education programs delivered through the Akademie für Weiterbildung. Strategic research alliances — including ACIB (industrial biotechnology), FFoQSI (feed and food quality), Wood Kplus (wood and biobased materials), BEST (applied ecology), Wassercluster Lunz (aquatic ecosystems), and a 20-year cooperation with the Umweltbundesamt (Austrian Environment Agency) — anchor commercial and applied-research revenue. Distribution is executed through degree programs, research collaboration agreements, continuing education, technology transfer, and spin-off support. In 2025, BOKU underwent a significant organizational restructuring with the establishment of the new Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, following a March 2024 brand relaunch that repositioned the institution around values of innovation, internationalization, and sustainability.

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences firmographics

Firmographics
Name
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Legal name
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
Website
https://boku.ac.at
Company type
Private
Founded year
1872
Operating status
Operating
Headcount range
1,001–5,000 employees
Short description
BOKU is a public Austrian university (founded 1872) specializing in sustainable management of natural resources and life sciences, serving approximately 10,478 students and 3,000 employees across six departments, with operations in Vienna, Tulln, and Forchtenstein.
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences industry classification

Industry
Product category
Higher Education and Research
NAICS
Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools (61131)
akta.pro primary industry
Public Research Universities with Multi-Campus Systems (EDAHAAAI)
akta.pro secondary industry
Technical Universities with Architecture, Built Environment & Design Engineering (EDAHAEAJ)

Keywords

  • Life sciences education
  • Natural resource management
  • Sustainability research
  • Agricultural sciences
  • Biotechnology research

Where University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
Vienna
HQ country
Austria
HQ region
Europe

Offices4 records

Markets served

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences business model

Business model
GTM type
B2B and B2C
Offering type
Services
Cost components
Personnel, Operations, Technology or R&D, Infrastructure, Marketing or Sales

Revenue model

  1. Public Funding: As a public Austrian university, BOKU receives government funding from federal and state sources for education and research activities.
  2. Research Grants and Drittmittel: External research funding from Austrian Science Fund (FWF), EU research programs, and other grant sources. Strategic research partnerships with industry and public institutions generate additional research income.
  3. Tuition Fees: Tuition fees from international students (non-EU) and continuing education programs including the Academy for Further Education (Akademie für Weiterbildung).

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels3 records

Marketing channels5 records

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences product offering

Product offering

Core offering

BOKU is a public university that delivers higher education programs (bachelor, master, doctoral degrees) and conducts academic research in life sciences, natural resource management, sustainability sciences, biotechnology, and agricultural sciences. The institution operates six specialized departments across its Vienna, Tulln, and Forchtenstein campuses, providing degree programs to approximately 10,478 students and producing research through strategic partnerships with industry and government bodies including ACIB, FFoQSI, Wood Kplus, and the Austrian Environment Agency.

Product overview

The University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) is a higher education institution offering degree programs and conducting research. Its product portfolio consists of educational and administrative platforms including BOKUonline for student enrollment and course registration, BOKUlearn (Moodle-based LMS) for course delivery, BOKUportal for general access, and FIS for research information management. Supporting infrastructure includes the Abstracts repository system for thesis publications, BOKU Core Facilities for shared research equipment, and various student services. BOKU provides IT services through BOKU-IT Hotline and cloud storage via BOKUbox. Additional programs include BOKU Mobility4Health for campus mobility and the MINT-Mentoring program for postdoc development. The university publishes BOKU Magazin for institutional communications.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Products and services

  • Bachelor Degree Programs Undergraduate degree programs offered across BOKU's six academic departments, covering agricultural sciences, biotechnology, food sciences, landscape architecture, water management, infrastructure, natural sciences, sustainable resources, ecosystem management, and economics, aimed at prospective domestic and international students.
  • Master Degree Programs Graduate degree programs aligned with BOKU's six academic departments in life sciences, sustainability, biotechnology, natural resource management, and related fields, offered to students holding a first degree and seeking advanced specialization.
  • Doctoral Programs Research-focused doctoral degree programs in life sciences, sustainability, and natural resource management, producing the next generation of academic researchers, with research training embedded in BOKU's departments and core facilities.
  • Akademie für Weiterbildung (Continuing Education) Continuing education and professional development programs delivered through BOKU's Academy for Continuing Education, offering paid courses and certifications in life sciences, natural resources, and sustainability for working professionals and academics seeking additional qualifications.
  • BOKU Core Facilities Centralized shared research infrastructure providing external and internal researchers access to specialized scientific equipment and technical services across multiple domains (e.g., mass spectrometry, genomics, imaging, field stations), operated by BOKU for use by academic and industry collaborators.
  • Research Collaboration Services Contracted research, technology transfer, and consulting services delivered through strategic partnerships with industry, government agencies, and international research networks (including ACIB, FFoQSI, Wood Kplus, and CD-Laboratories) in life sciences, biotechnology, and environmental research.

Quantifiable outcome

  • Ranked best Austrian university in THE SDG-Impact Rating 2026 for sustainability impact
  • +2 more outcomes

Companies that use University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

Customer profile

Named customers3 records

Segments3 records

Ideal customer profiles3 records

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Partnerships

Nine partnerships are on record, tiered core and major.

  • DANUBElifelines InitiativecoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 May 2025EU-funded initiative launched May 2025 bringing together scientists, conservationists, and local communities across the Danube River Basin to restore river ecosystems and biodiversity over a four-year period. Working in 8 demonstration areas spanning Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria.
  • ACIB (Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerStrategic research partnership for industrial biotechnology research and development collaboration.
  • FFoQSI (Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerStrategic partnership in feed and food quality research and innovation.
  • Wood KpluscoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerStrategic research cooperation in wood and biobased materials research.
  • BEST (Austrian Institute for Applied Ecology)majorStrategic or Co-development PartnerResearch partnership in applied ecology and environmental sciences.
  • Wassercluster LunzmajorStrategic or Co-development PartnerResearch partnership in water sciences and aquatic ecosystem research.
  • BOKU-Umweltbundesamt Strategic CooperationcoreStrategic or Co-development Partner20-year strategic cooperation between BOKU and the Austrian Environment Agency for joint research, knowledge transfer, and environmental monitoring. Includes dedicated cooperation center and regular joint activities.
  • Fonds Gesundes Österreich (FGÖ)majorGTM or Marketing PartnerFunding partnership for BOKU Mobility4Health project combining workplace mobility management and health promotion. Funded under the priority 'Workplace Health Promotion and Active Mobility' from March 2025 to October 2026.
  • EPICUR Centre for International Teaching and LearningmajorStrategic or Co-development PartnerEuropean university alliance for international teaching and learning collaboration across borders.

Scale indicators5 records

Recent moves9 records

Expansion highlights6 records

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Market position

Weaknesses4 records

Competitive moat5 records

Key risks5 records

Key highlights6 records

Customer concentration

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences social profiles

Digital presence

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Profiles9 records

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

What does University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences do?

BOKU is a public university that delivers higher education programs (bachelor, master, doctoral degrees) and conducts academic research in life sciences, natural resource management, sustainability sciences, biotechnology, and agricultural sciences. The institution operates six specialized departments across its Vienna, Tulln, and Forchtenstein campuses, providing degree programs to approximately 10,478 students and producing research through strategic partnerships with industry and government bodies including ACIB, FFoQSI, Wood Kplus, and the Austrian Environment Agency.

Is University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences a public or private company?

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences is a private company. It is classified as state government owned and is currently operating.

When was University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences founded?

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences was founded in 1872. It employs 1,001 to 5,000 people.

Where is University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences based?

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences is headquartered in Vienna, Austria, in the Europe region.

How does University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences make money?

Three revenue lines are on record. Public Funding is the primary driver. The others are research Grants and Drittmittel and tuition Fees.

Does University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences have an API?

No public API is recorded for University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences.

What industry is University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in?

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences's product category is Higher Education and Research. Its primary akta.pro industry code is EDAHAAAI, Public Research Universities with Multi-Campus Systems, with a secondary code of EDAHAEAJ, Technical Universities with Architecture, Built Environment & Design Engineering. Its NAICS code is 61131.

Unlock the full company data

50 free credits on sign-up, no credit card required.

Contact sales
Live signals
The Times of IndiaScientists in Austria found that a glyphosate-based herbicide reduced earthworm reproduction by 56% in a greenhouse studyResearchers from the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna conducted a greenhouse study demonstrating that glyphosate-based herbicides reduced earthworm reproduction by 56% in one species over three months. The experiment also observed a 46% drop in casting activity for another species and significant increases in soil nitrate and phosphate levels following herbicide application. These findings highlight potential ecological impacts on soil health and suggest that current pesticide testing protocols may overlook effects on non-target soil organisms.Health ExecBeware of temptations to commit 1 (or more) of the 7 deadly sins common to healthcare AIResearchers from the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna conducted a study to develop a framework of ethical guidelines for medical AI, validated by 914 stakeholders across 143 countries. The study identified seven ethical risks or 'sins' and proposed corresponding virtues to promote responsible AI development and governance in healthcare. The framework aims to guide clinicians, developers, and policymakers in responsible AI practices.BokuInstitute of Environmental Biotechnology::Department of Agricultural Sciences::BOKUThe Institute of Environmental Biotechnology at BOKU launched a new HORIZON Europe project in June with 29 international partners. The initiative focuses on utilizing microbial metabolism for pollutant degradation, resource preservation, and sustainable material cycles.GlobeNewswireAvalon GloboCare and University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Co-develop Innovative In-Silico Technology, Enabling the Design and Synthesis of Novel Cell Membrane Receptor Targets forAvalon GloboCare and BOKU co-developed a cell-free, in-silico system to express difficult membrane proteins, enabling drug target design for cancer and immune diseases. The technology, published in Membranes in September 2021, allows high-yield expression of targets like the voltage-dependent anion channel, expanding Avalon's capabilities in immuno-oncology and cellular medicine.Business InsiderCurry Compound Kills Cancer CellsResearchers at Austria's University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences developed CurcuEmulsomes, nanoparticles carrying curcumin into cancer cells. In lab tests, the emulsomes killed nearly half of the cells within 48 hours at the highest concentration. The team now aims to target these particles to cancerous cells inside the human body.