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Association for Financial Markets

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Namestring
Association for Financial Markets
Legal namestring
Association for Financial Markets in Europe
Websiteurl
afme.eu
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
2009
Descriptiontext

AFME is a London-headquartered trade association that serves as the collective policy and advocacy voice for over 150 wholesale banks and capital markets participants operating in Europe. Founded in 2009, the organization concentrates on five practice areas: Capital Markets, Prudential Regulation and Supervision, Sustainable Finance, Digital Innovation, and Compliance and Tax. Its member base underwrites approximately 90% of European corporate and sovereign debt and 85% of European listed equity capital issuances, and engagement is structured through 16 expert committees and more than 100 working groups that draw 5,000+ individual participants. AFME also serves as a founding member of the Global Financial Markets Association (GFMA) Alliance alongside SIFMA and ASIFMA, giving it a cross-border coordination platform for global regulatory engagement.

The organization does not develop proprietary technology products. Instead, its core deliverables are policy consultation responses, position papers, data research, industry guidelines, standard forms, and a portfolio of in-person conferences and webinars. Revenue is generated primarily through recurring annual membership dues from member firms, supplemented by event and conference fees (e.g., €549–€1,485 per delegate depending on membership status and event). Operations are run from offices in London (headquarters, Canary Wharf), Brussels (EU policy engagement), and Frankfurt (German market and ECB liaison), with Adam Farkas as Chief Executive Officer and a senior bench of approximately 15+ Managing Directors covering each practice area, asset class, and key jurisdiction. The go-to-market is a direct, sales-led model targeted at enterprise banking members, with no public product offering or external funding.

Short descriptiontext

AFME is a London-based trade association representing over 150 wholesale banks and capital markets participants in Europe, providing policy advocacy, research, and industry convening across capital markets, prudential regulation, sustainable finance, digital innovation, and compliance, funded primarily by membership dues and conference fees.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
Headcount rangeband
101–250
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersLondon, United Kingdom
HQ citystring
London
HQ countrystring
United Kingdom
HQ regionstring
Europe
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices3 records

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
trade association, capital markets advocacy, prudential regulation, sustainable finance, wholesale banking policy
NAICS code1 code
  • Business Associations813910
SIC code1 code
  • Services-Membership Organizations8600
Product category
Industry Trade Association and Financial Market Advocacy
GTM motion1 record

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

Revenue model1 record
1Membership Dues
TypeSubscription Recurring
Description

AFME generates revenue through annual membership fees from over 150 member firms including global and European banks and other market participants. Membership provides access to advocacy services, industry committees, working groups, publications, and events.

afme.eu
Marketing channels12 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels3 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

Cost components5 values
Personnel, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Technology or R&D, Infrastructure
Pricing details2 tiers
1AFME Member Conference Rate
ModelSubscriptionBilling cadencePer event
Notes

AFME member rate for European Compliance and Legal Conference 2026: €1,125 + VAT. Multi-booking discounts: 10% off for 3+ delegates, 20% off for 5+ delegates.

afme.eu
2Non-Member Conference Rate
ModelSubscriptionBilling cadencePer event
Notes

Non-member rate for European Compliance and Legal Conference 2026: €1,485 + VAT. OPTIC 2026 conference: £875 ex VAT for AFME members, £1,195 ex VAT for non-members. European Government Bond Conference 2026 early-bird: €559 + VAT (members), €779 + VAT (non-members). European AML Conference 2026 early-bird: €549 + VAT (members), €749 + VAT (non-members).

afme.eu
GTM typeB2B
B2B
Offering typeServices
Services
Core offering1 text field

AFME is a trade association that represents over 150 leading global and European banks and other significant market participants in Europe's wholesale financial markets. It sells annual membership subscriptions and paid event registrations, and in return provides members with policy advocacy, regulatory engagement, position papers, consultation responses, industry data research, working groups, expert committees, and industry conferences across capital markets, prudential regulation, sustainable finance, digital innovation, and compliance & tax.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Quantifiable outcome1 of 3 values shown
  • Members underwrite around 90% of European corporate and sovereign debt
+2 more records
Product overview1 text field

AFME is a trade association representing over 150 leading global and European banks and other significant market players. Rather than offering a commercial product, AFME provides advocacy services, policy research, publications, events, and industry guidance to its members. The organization focuses on regulatory advocacy across five key areas: Capital Markets, Prudential Regulation & Supervision, Sustainable Finance, Digital Innovation, and Compliance & Tax. AFME's core offerings include consultation responses, position papers, reports, data research, industry guidelines, standard forms, events (conferences, webinars), and collaborative working groups and committees. The organization does not offer a commercial software product or platform.

Product and service6 records
1AFME Membership
CategoryTrade Association Membership
Description

Annual membership subscription for wholesale banks and other capital markets participants, providing access to AFME's policy advocacy, 16 expert committees, 100+ working groups, research publications, events, and direct engagement with EU and UK regulators. The association represents over 150 member firms.

2European Compliance and Legal Conference 2026
CategoryIndustry Conference
Description

AFME's flagship compliance and legal industry conference for member and non-member delegates, scheduled for 21-22 September 2026. Member rate €1,125 + VAT; non-member rate €1,485 + VAT; multi-delegate discounts of 10% (3+ delegates) and 20% (5+ delegates).

3OPTIC 2026 Conference
CategoryIndustry Conference
Description

AFME's OPTIC 2026 conference with member rate £875 ex VAT and non-member rate £1,195 ex VAT, designed for capital markets operations, technology, and infrastructure professionals.

4European Government Bond Conference 2026
CategoryIndustry Conference
Description

AFME conference focused on European government bond markets. Early-bird member rate €559 + VAT; early-bird non-member rate €779 + VAT.

5European AML Conference 2026
CategoryIndustry Conference
Description

AFME conference focused on anti-money laundering (AML) topics for European wholesale banks. Early-bird member rate €549 + VAT; early-bird non-member rate €749 + VAT.

6AFME Industry Research and Publications
CategoryResearch and Policy Publications
Description

AFME research and publication portfolio covering consultation responses, position papers, data research reports, industry guidelines, and standard forms and documents (including the AFME Harmonised Reporting Format Table), distributed to members and policymakers.

Scale indicator10 records

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Partnership1 partner
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

AFME is a founding member of the GFMA Alliance, a global coalition of financial industry associations. GFMA provides a platform for international policy coordination and advocacy on cross-border regulatory matters affecting global financial markets.

Recent move6 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight6 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers10 records
TypeDirect peer
Description

SIFMA is the US securities industry trade association and co-founding member of the GFMA Alliance alongside AFME; both operate the same membership-based advocacy model serving wholesale banks and capital markets participants, with SIFMA focused on US regulatory engagement and AFME on EU/UK.

TypeDirect peer
Description

ASIFMA is the Asia-Pacific securities industry association and the third member of the GFMA Alliance; it provides the same trade association model for wholesale banks across Asia, making it a direct functional peer within AFME's parent alliance structure.

TypeDirect peer
Description

GFMA is the global umbrella alliance founded by AFME, SIFMA, and ASIFMA; it coordinates cross-jurisdictional advocacy on capital markets regulation, making it both AFME's parent and its closest peer in mission and operating model.

TypeDirect peer
Description

UK Finance is the principal UK banking and financial services trade association; it overlaps directly with AFME on UK wholesale banking advocacy, prudential policy, and capital markets issues, particularly relevant given post-Brexit UK/EU regulatory divergence.

TypeDirect peer
Description

TheCityUK is the UK-based industry body promoting the UK financial and professional services sector; it competes with AFME on UK-level policy advocacy and competitiveness narrative for financial services, with substantial member overlap.

TypeDirect peer
Description

The IIF is the global association of the financial services industry, headquartered in Washington DC; it shares AFME's wholesale banking and capital markets advocacy mandate but operates globally, often shaping Basel and G20-level policy work that AFME also supports.

7ICMA (International Capital Market Association)
TypeDirect peer
Description

ICMA is the trade association for capital markets participants focused on primary market standards, repo and securities financing, and sustainable bonds; it directly overlaps AFME's capital markets, sustainable finance, and fixed income workstreams.

TypeDirect peer
Description

ISDA is the global derivatives industry trade association; it shares significant membership with AFME and overlaps on market infrastructure, capital, and prudential advocacy for derivatives-heavy wholesale banks.

TypeDirect peer
Description

FIA is the leading global derivatives industry association, originally US-based but with significant European operations through FIA Europe; it serves overlapping members on listed derivatives trading and clearing issues that fall within AFME's equities and post-trade remit.

TypeEmerging player
Description

EFAMA represents the European investment management industry; while its primary focus is asset managers rather than wholesale banks, it increasingly shares advocacy ground with AFME on capital markets union, sustainable finance, and retail-investor policy files in Brussels.

Market position
Strengths5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Weaknesses5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat6 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks6 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights7 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Named customers24 records

Each record includes

Name, Industry, Type, Use case, Source, UUID

Segment3 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Ideal customer profile3 records

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
No
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Profiles27 records

Each record includes

Name, Designation, Designation category, Overview, Profile commentary, Source

No data
No data
Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Association for Financial Markets

Industry Trade Association and Financial Market Advocacyafme.eu

AFME is a London-based trade association representing over 150 wholesale banks and capital markets participants in Europe, providing policy advocacy, research, and industry convening across capital markets, prudential regulation, sustainable finance, digital innovation, and compliance, funded primarily by membership dues and conference fees.

What Association for Financial Markets does

AFME is a London-headquartered trade association that serves as the collective policy and advocacy voice for over 150 wholesale banks and capital markets participants operating in Europe. Founded in 2009, the organization concentrates on five practice areas: Capital Markets, Prudential Regulation and Supervision, Sustainable Finance, Digital Innovation, and Compliance and Tax. Its member base underwrites approximately 90% of European corporate and sovereign debt and 85% of European listed equity capital issuances, and engagement is structured through 16 expert committees and more than 100 working groups that draw 5,000+ individual participants. AFME also serves as a founding member of the Global Financial Markets Association (GFMA) Alliance alongside SIFMA and ASIFMA, giving it a cross-border coordination platform for global regulatory engagement.

The organization does not develop proprietary technology products. Instead, its core deliverables are policy consultation responses, position papers, data research, industry guidelines, standard forms, and a portfolio of in-person conferences and webinars. Revenue is generated primarily through recurring annual membership dues from member firms, supplemented by event and conference fees (e.g., €549–€1,485 per delegate depending on membership status and event). Operations are run from offices in London (headquarters, Canary Wharf), Brussels (EU policy engagement), and Frankfurt (German market and ECB liaison), with Adam Farkas as Chief Executive Officer and a senior bench of approximately 15+ Managing Directors covering each practice area, asset class, and key jurisdiction. The go-to-market is a direct, sales-led model targeted at enterprise banking members, with no public product offering or external funding.

Association for Financial Markets firmographics

Firmographics
Name
Association for Financial Markets
Legal name
Association for Financial Markets in Europe
Website
https://afme.eu
Company type
Private
Founded year
2009
Operating status
Operating
Headcount range
101–250 employees
Short description
AFME is a London-based trade association representing over 150 wholesale banks and capital markets participants in Europe, providing policy advocacy, research, and industry convening across capital markets, prudential regulation, sustainable finance, digital innovation, and compliance, funded primarily by membership dues and conference fees.
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

Where Association for Financial Markets is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
London
HQ country
United Kingdom
HQ region
Europe

Offices3 records

Markets served

Association for Financial Markets business model

Business model
GTM type
B2B
Offering type
Services
Cost components
Personnel, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Technology or R&D, Infrastructure

Revenue model

  1. Membership Dues: AFME generates revenue through annual membership fees from over 150 member firms including global and European banks and other market participants. Membership provides access to advocacy services, industry committees, working groups, publications, and events.

Pricing tiers

ModelBillingPrice
SubscriptionPer eventAFME Member Conference Rate
SubscriptionPer eventNon-Member Conference Rate

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels3 records

Marketing channels12 records

Association for Financial Markets product offering

Product offering

Core offering

AFME is a trade association that represents over 150 leading global and European banks and other significant market participants in Europe's wholesale financial markets. It sells annual membership subscriptions and paid event registrations, and in return provides members with policy advocacy, regulatory engagement, position papers, consultation responses, industry data research, working groups, expert committees, and industry conferences across capital markets, prudential regulation, sustainable finance, digital innovation, and compliance & tax.

Product overview

AFME is a trade association representing over 150 leading global and European banks and other significant market players. Rather than offering a commercial product, AFME provides advocacy services, policy research, publications, events, and industry guidance to its members. The organization focuses on regulatory advocacy across five key areas: Capital Markets, Prudential Regulation & Supervision, Sustainable Finance, Digital Innovation, and Compliance & Tax. AFME's core offerings include consultation responses, position papers, reports, data research, industry guidelines, standard forms, events (conferences, webinars), and collaborative working groups and committees. The organization does not offer a commercial software product or platform.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Products and services

  • AFME Membership Annual membership subscription for wholesale banks and other capital markets participants, providing access to AFME's policy advocacy, 16 expert committees, 100+ working groups, research publications, events, and direct engagement with EU and UK regulators. The association represents over 150 member firms.
  • European Compliance and Legal Conference 2026 AFME's flagship compliance and legal industry conference for member and non-member delegates, scheduled for 21-22 September 2026. Member rate €1,125 + VAT; non-member rate €1,485 + VAT; multi-delegate discounts of 10% (3+ delegates) and 20% (5+ delegates).
  • OPTIC 2026 Conference AFME's OPTIC 2026 conference with member rate £875 ex VAT and non-member rate £1,195 ex VAT, designed for capital markets operations, technology, and infrastructure professionals.
  • European Government Bond Conference 2026 AFME conference focused on European government bond markets. Early-bird member rate €559 + VAT; early-bird non-member rate €779 + VAT.
  • European AML Conference 2026 AFME conference focused on anti-money laundering (AML) topics for European wholesale banks. Early-bird member rate €549 + VAT; early-bird non-member rate €749 + VAT.
  • AFME Industry Research and Publications AFME research and publication portfolio covering consultation responses, position papers, data research reports, industry guidelines, and standard forms and documents (including the AFME Harmonised Reporting Format Table), distributed to members and policymakers.

Quantifiable outcome

  • Members underwrite around 90% of European corporate and sovereign debt
  • +2 more outcomes

Companies that use Association for Financial Markets

Customer profile

Named customers24 records

Segments3 records

Ideal customer profiles3 records

Association for Financial Markets technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Association for Financial Markets partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Partnerships

One partnership is on record.

  • Global Financial Markets Association (GFMA)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerAFME is a founding member of the GFMA Alliance, a global coalition of financial industry associations. GFMA provides a platform for international policy coordination and advocacy on cross-border regulatory matters affecting global financial markets.

Scale indicators10 records

Recent moves6 records

Expansion highlights6 records

Association for Financial Markets competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Direct peers

  • SIFMA (Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association): SIFMA is the US securities industry trade association and co-founding member of the GFMA Alliance alongside AFME; both operate the same membership-based advocacy model serving wholesale banks and capital markets participants, with SIFMA focused on US regulatory engagement and AFME on EU/UK.
  • ASIFMA (Asia Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association): ASIFMA is the Asia-Pacific securities industry association and the third member of the GFMA Alliance; it provides the same trade association model for wholesale banks across Asia, making it a direct functional peer within AFME's parent alliance structure.
  • GFMA (Global Financial Markets Association): GFMA is the global umbrella alliance founded by AFME, SIFMA, and ASIFMA; it coordinates cross-jurisdictional advocacy on capital markets regulation, making it both AFME's parent and its closest peer in mission and operating model.
  • UK Finance: UK Finance is the principal UK banking and financial services trade association; it overlaps directly with AFME on UK wholesale banking advocacy, prudential policy, and capital markets issues, particularly relevant given post-Brexit UK/EU regulatory divergence.
  • TheCityUK: TheCityUK is the UK-based industry body promoting the UK financial and professional services sector; it competes with AFME on UK-level policy advocacy and competitiveness narrative for financial services, with substantial member overlap.
  • Institute of International Finance (IIF): The IIF is the global association of the financial services industry, headquartered in Washington DC; it shares AFME's wholesale banking and capital markets advocacy mandate but operates globally, often shaping Basel and G20-level policy work that AFME also supports.
  • ICMA (International Capital Market Association): ICMA is the trade association for capital markets participants focused on primary market standards, repo and securities financing, and sustainable bonds; it directly overlaps AFME's capital markets, sustainable finance, and fixed income workstreams.
  • ISDA (International Swaps and Derivatives Association): ISDA is the global derivatives industry trade association; it shares significant membership with AFME and overlaps on market infrastructure, capital, and prudential advocacy for derivatives-heavy wholesale banks.
  • FIA (Futures Industry Association): FIA is the leading global derivatives industry association, originally US-based but with significant European operations through FIA Europe; it serves overlapping members on listed derivatives trading and clearing issues that fall within AFME's equities and post-trade remit.

Emerging players

  • EFAMA (European Fund and Asset Management Association): EFAMA represents the European investment management industry; while its primary focus is asset managers rather than wholesale banks, it increasingly shares advocacy ground with AFME on capital markets union, sustainable finance, and retail-investor policy files in Brussels.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat6 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

Association for Financial Markets social profiles

Digital presence

Association for Financial Markets financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Association for Financial Markets leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Profiles27 records

Association for Financial Markets funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Association for Financial Markets M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Association for Financial Markets

What does Association for Financial Markets do?

AFME is a trade association that represents over 150 leading global and European banks and other significant market participants in Europe's wholesale financial markets. It sells annual membership subscriptions and paid event registrations, and in return provides members with policy advocacy, regulatory engagement, position papers, consultation responses, industry data research, working groups, expert committees, and industry conferences across capital markets, prudential regulation, sustainable finance, digital innovation, and compliance & tax.

Is Association for Financial Markets a public or private company?

Association for Financial Markets is a private company. It is classified as nonprofit foundation owned and is currently operating.

When was Association for Financial Markets founded?

Association for Financial Markets was founded in 2009. It employs 101 to 250 people.

Where is Association for Financial Markets based?

Association for Financial Markets is headquartered in London, United Kingdom, in the Europe region.

How does Association for Financial Markets make money?

One revenue line is on record: membership Dues.

Who are Association for Financial Markets's main competitors?

Direct peers on record are SIFMA (Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association), ASIFMA (Asia Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association), GFMA (Global Financial Markets Association), UK Finance, TheCityUK, Institute of International Finance (IIF), ICMA (International Capital Market Association), ISDA (International Swaps and Derivatives Association) and FIA (Futures Industry Association). EFAMA (European Fund and Asset Management Association) is listed as an emerging player.

Does Association for Financial Markets have an API?

No public API is recorded for Association for Financial Markets.

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Live signals
EuropaWireA Renewed Agenda for UK Financial Markets | EuropaWireThe article discusses AFME's publication of 'A Renewed Agenda for UK Financial Markets,' urging the UK government to continue financial reforms to support investment and competitiveness. The report emphasizes the importance of capital markets and financial services reform for economic growth.EuropaWireAFME Calls for Renewed Agenda to Strengthen UK Financial Markets Competitiveness | EuropaWireAFME has published a report titled 'A Renewed Agenda for UK Financial Markets,' urging the UK government to push forward with reforms that bolster investment, growth, and competitiveness in the financial services sector.EuropaWireAFME Sets Out Agenda to Strengthen UK Financial Markets Competitiveness | EuropaWireAFME published a report urging the UK government to reform and support financial markets to enhance investment, growth, and competitiveness. The report emphasizes the importance of capital markets for UK economic development and calls for continued regulatory reform and modernization.EuropaWireAFME Urges New UK Government to Maintain Momentum on Financial Services Reform | EuropaWire | The European Union's press release distribution & newswire serviceAFME (Association for Financial Markets in Europe) is urging the new UK government to continue with financial services reforms to support the sector's growth. The article emphasizes the importance of capital markets for UK investment and economic development.EuropaWireAFME Calls for Simpler and Better Aligned UK Leverage Ratio Rules | EuropaWireAFME has supported the Financial Policy Committee’s review of UK bank capital requirements and its plans for reforms to the leverage ratio and capital-buffer framework. The association favors removing the Countercyclical Leverage Buffer and is advocating for simpler, better-aligned leverage ratio rules.EuropaWireUK bank capital requirements | EuropaWireAFME (Association for Financial Markets in Europe) has welcomed the Financial Policy Committee's review of UK bank capital requirements and its plans to consult on reforms to the leverage ratio and capital-buffer framework. The association supports removing the Countercyclical Leverage Buffer and is calling for simpler and better aligned UK leverage ratio rules aligned with international standards. The FPC oversees macroprudential policy and the PRA is responsible for prudential regulation of UK banks and broker-dealers.Investing.comEuropean banks urge regulators not to intervene in equity markets By ReutersEurope's largest banks, represented by the Association for Financial Markets in Europe (AFME), have urged regulators not to intervene in equity markets, arguing there is no evidence that the declining trade on traditional stock exchanges has harmed price-setting. AFME, representing banks including Deutsche Bank, Credit Agricole, and Santander as well as trading firms including Citadel Securities and Jane Street, warned that tightening rules on off-exchange trading could backfire and damage liquidity. The warning comes as the European Securities and Markets Authority considers regulatory measures following years of declining exchange trading in Europe and the UK.The Irish TimesCentral Bank director Gerry Cross to head global insurance bodyGerry Cross, director at the Central Bank of Ireland, has been appointed as the next secretary general of the International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS), a global standard-setting body for the insurance industry. Cross will assume the role in Basel, Switzerland on June 15th, succeeding Jonathan Dixon who has led the organisation since 2017. Cross brings extensive regulatory experience, having served at the Central Bank since 2015 and previously holding senior positions at industry lobby groups including the Association for Financial Markets in Europe and the Institute of International Finance.BusinessdayNaira gains across FX markets as remittance rule boosts liquidityThe Nigerian Naira strengthened against the US dollar on Thursday, closing at N1,383.88 per dollar at the official market and N1,412 per dollar at the parallel market, representing a 0.2 percent gain across both segments, as liquidity improved following a new CBN directive requiring International Money Transfer Operators to route transactions through designated naira settlement accounts in banks. The policy, which channels all IMTO inflows through authorised dealer banks for conversion into naira, was described by Financial Markets Dealers Association analysts as a structural reform aimed at enhancing transparency and deepening liquidity in the official FX market. Despite the currency gains, Nigeria's external reserves continued their downward trend, declining for the eighth consecutive session to $49.52 billion as of March 25, 2026.BloombergEurope Can Unlock €2.8 Trillion in Bank Lending, Lobby SaysThe Association for Financial Markets in Europe published a policy paper arguing that simplifying the EU's capital framework could unlock up to €2.8 trillion in bank lending capacity by addressing overlapping requirements, which currently can impose as many as 86 distinct requirements on a single bank. The proposal would cut banks' overall Common Equity Tier 1 requirements by 2.26% of risk-weighted assets and replace the MREL framework with TLAC-style rules for smaller and mid-sized lenders. The EU is seeking input on rule changes that could support economic growth without threatening financial stability.