Developer docs
API playgroundTry for free, no card

Search company profiles

World Hydrogen Leaders

Full company profile

uuid000rm1e

Namestring
World Hydrogen Leaders
Legal namestring
Green Power Conferences Ltd.
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
2017
Descriptiontext

World Hydrogen Leaders is a London-based B2B events and content business serving the clean energy sector, founded in 2017 and now operating as a fully integrated brand within S&P Global Energy, a division of S&P Global Inc. (NYSE: SPGI). The legal operating entity is Green Power Conferences Ltd., headquartered at 25 Ropemaker Street, London, with 11-50 employees. Its core offering is the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series — a portfolio of conferences and networking forums that has evolved from a hydrogen-focused event portfolio (formerly branded World Hydrogen Leaders, World Hydrogen Week, and World Hydrogen India) into a broader clean energy agenda covering hydrogen, electrification, CCUS, grids and resilience, alternative fuels, nuclear, and geothermal. The 2026 portfolio centers on two flagship events: the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion India Conference 2026 in New Delhi (September 23-25) and Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week 2026 in Copenhagen (November 24-27).

The business has no proprietary technology platform; it operates as an events and conferences business with a marketing website and priority interest registration forms hosted within the S&P Global Energy Events ecosystem. The go-to-market is event-driven, targeting B2B stakeholders including industry leaders, policymakers, technology pioneers, and investors. Revenue is generated through paid conference registrations and event sponsorship (categorized as a transaction-fee model), with no publicly disclosed pricing tiers. Marketing and distribution are anchored inside S&P Global Energy Events, leveraging cross-promotion with flagship properties such as CERAWeek, APPEC, and the Platts Global Energy Awards to access global commodity and energy market audiences.

As a non-independent business unit within a publicly traded conglomerate, World Hydrogen Leaders does not have separately disclosed financials, funding rounds, or standalone leadership beyond its founder and director Nadim Chaudhry. Its strategic positioning — and primary value proposition — is providing an integrated cross-technology forum for stakeholders moving clean energy projects from ambition to delivery, tackling blockers such as permitting, interconnection, offtake, storage/transport, standards, and bankability.

Short descriptiontext

World Hydrogen Leaders is a London-based B2B clean energy events business, now integrated within S&P Global Energy, operating the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series of conferences — including flagship events in Copenhagen and New Delhi — for industry leaders, policymakers, and technology pioneers.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
Headcount rangeband
11–50
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersLondon, United Kingdom
HQ citystring
London
HQ countrystring
United Kingdom
HQ regionstring
Europe
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices1 record

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
clean energy conferences, hydrogen industry events, energy networking forums, renewable energy summits, clean energy expansion
Industry4 codes
1Hydrogen & Derivative Fuels for Industry (H₂, Ammonia, Methanol)
CodeEUABAJACPrimaryYes
2Hydrogen Blending Strategy & Regulatory Readiness
CodeEUAJAJAEPrimaryNo
3Hydrogen Energy Storage & Power-to-X Equipment (electrolyzers, storage, fuel cell systems)
CodeIMAGAHAMPrimaryNo
4Hydrogen (Industrial & Mobility)
CodeIMAEACABPrimaryNo
NAICS code1 code
  • Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution2211
SIC code1 code
  • Electric & Other Services Combined4931
Product category
Energy Industry Conferences and Events
Social media profiles1 record
GTM motion1 record

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

Revenue model1 record
1Conference and Event Registrations
TypeTransaction Fee
Description

The company generates revenue through paid attendance and registration fees for its conferences and events, including the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series events targeting B2B stakeholders in the energy sector.

worldhydrogenleaders.com
Marketing channels2 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels1 record

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

Cost components4 values
Marketing or Sales, Operations, Personnel, Others
GTM typeB2B
B2B
Offering typeServices
Services
Brand1 of 2 records shown
1Horizons Clean Energy Expansion India Conference
Description

Conference turning hydrogen ambition into industrial reality in India, held September 23-25, 2026 in New Delhi. Second edition, formerly known as World Hydrogen India.

worldhydrogenleaders.com
+1 more record
Core offering1 text field

World Hydrogen Leaders operates an integrated portfolio of clean energy conferences, exhibitions, and networking forums, now rebranded as the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series within S&P Global Energy. The portfolio targets B2B stakeholders in hydrogen, electrification, CCUS, grids, alternative fuels, nuclear, and geothermal sectors through flagship events such as the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion India Conference and Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week in Copenhagen.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Product overview1 text field

World Hydrogen Leaders is now fully integrated with S&P Global Energy as part of the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series. Rather than a single product, the offering is a portfolio of events and conferences designed for stakeholders moving from ambition to delivery. The portfolio includes three key products: the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series (the overarching portfolio brand), the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion India Conference 2026 (showcasing India's position as a hydrogen production hub), and the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week 2026 (a multi-track event covering hydrogen, carbon management, grids, and financing). The events bring together technology, infrastructure, policy, and investment conversations needed to scale clean energy securely, competitively, and at pace.

Product and service3 records
1Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series
CategoryEvent portfolio / conference series
Description

An integrated portfolio of clean energy conferences and networking events, evolved from the World Hydrogen Leaders series, designed for enterprise stakeholders moving from ambition to delivery across hydrogen, power, molecules, and enabling infrastructure.

2Horizons Clean Energy Expansion India Conference 2026
CategoryConference / event
Description

Conference held September 23-25, 2026 in New Delhi (formerly World Hydrogen India), showcasing technologies, bankable projects, and supply chains while addressing scaling, manufacturing localisation, and international trade integration for India's hydrogen hub ambitions.

3Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week 2026
CategoryConference / event
Description

Multi-track event held November 24-27, 2026 in Copenhagen (formerly World Hydrogen Week) bringing together industry leaders, policymakers, and technology pioneers across hydrogen, feedstocks and fuels, carbon management, resilient grids, and innovative financing, complemented by guided tours of carbon capture and hydrogen facilities.

Partnership1 partner
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

World Hydrogen Leaders has become fully integrated with S&P Global Energy. The hydrogen event portfolio has evolved into the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series within S&P Global's events division. This integration provides access to S&P Global's broader energy events portfolio including CERAWeek, APPEC, and Platts Global Energy Awards, along with S&P Global's data-driven analysis and authoritative market perspectives.

Recent move6 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight4 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers10 records
TypeBroad incumbent
Description

ADIPEC is one of the world's largest energy industry events spanning oil, gas, and increasingly hydrogen and decarbonization. Comparable as a major energy events incumbent expanding into the same hydrogen and clean energy programming space.

TypeDirect peer
Description

BloombergNEF hosts the BNEF Summit and several clean energy/transition events targeting the same enterprise audience of financiers, policymakers, and project developers. Comparable as a research-and-events platform covering hydrogen, power, and clean energy infrastructure with strong brand and institutional reach.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Wood Mackenzie operates Energy Transition and Hydrogen Forums alongside its research subscriptions, targeting similar energy executives and investors. Direct peer as a subscription-data-plus-events platform covering the same hydrogen and energy transition buyer base.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Reuters Events runs the Hydrogen Transition and Energy Transition conferences globally, directly targeting the same B2B stakeholder mix of industry leaders, policymakers, and financiers. Comparable scale and event-driven GTM in the clean energy conference category.

TypeEmerging player
Description

Hydrogen Council convenes CEO-level hydrogen executives and publishes hydrogen-focused insights. Comparable as a hydrogen-specific industry forum but with a narrower membership-based model rather than paid registration events.

TypeEmerging player
Description

A consortium-driven initiative hosting working sessions and convenings on hydrogen pipeline infrastructure across Europe. Partial overlap with the hydrogen infrastructure and policy themes covered at Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week in Copenhagen.

TypeDirect peer
Description

World Energy Council runs the World Energy Congress and other convenings covering the full energy transition including hydrogen, grids, and clean fuels. Comparable as a global, multi-stakeholder B2B energy events organization.

TypeRegional player
Description

GWEC organizes major wind industry events globally that share overlapping attendee base with clean energy conferences. Comparable as an industry association events business serving energy transition professionals, though narrower to wind.

TypeEmerging player
Description

Energy Council hosts senior-level energy executive roundtables and summits globally, including on hydrogen and transition topics. Comparable as a high-level B2B convening platform targeting similar enterprise buyers.

TypeDirect peer
Description

The Atlantic Council hosts the Global Energy Forum covering geopolitics, energy security, and the transition. Comparable as a high-level policy-and-business convening targeting policymakers and energy executives intersecting with Horizons' delivery focus.

Market position
Strengths4 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Weaknesses4 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat3 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks2 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Segment1 record

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Ideal customer profile1 record

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
No
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Profiles1 record

Each record includes

Name, Designation, Designation category, Overview, Profile commentary, Source

No data
No data
Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

World Hydrogen Leaders

Energy Industry Conferences and Eventsworldhydrogenleaders.com

World Hydrogen Leaders is a London-based B2B clean energy events business, now integrated within S&P Global Energy, operating the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series of conferences — including flagship events in Copenhagen and New Delhi — for industry leaders, policymakers, and technology pioneers.

What World Hydrogen Leaders does

World Hydrogen Leaders is a London-based B2B events and content business serving the clean energy sector, founded in 2017 and now operating as a fully integrated brand within S&P Global Energy, a division of S&P Global Inc. (NYSE: SPGI). The legal operating entity is Green Power Conferences Ltd., headquartered at 25 Ropemaker Street, London, with 11-50 employees. Its core offering is the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series — a portfolio of conferences and networking forums that has evolved from a hydrogen-focused event portfolio (formerly branded World Hydrogen Leaders, World Hydrogen Week, and World Hydrogen India) into a broader clean energy agenda covering hydrogen, electrification, CCUS, grids and resilience, alternative fuels, nuclear, and geothermal. The 2026 portfolio centers on two flagship events: the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion India Conference 2026 in New Delhi (September 23-25) and Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week 2026 in Copenhagen (November 24-27).

The business has no proprietary technology platform; it operates as an events and conferences business with a marketing website and priority interest registration forms hosted within the S&P Global Energy Events ecosystem. The go-to-market is event-driven, targeting B2B stakeholders including industry leaders, policymakers, technology pioneers, and investors. Revenue is generated through paid conference registrations and event sponsorship (categorized as a transaction-fee model), with no publicly disclosed pricing tiers. Marketing and distribution are anchored inside S&P Global Energy Events, leveraging cross-promotion with flagship properties such as CERAWeek, APPEC, and the Platts Global Energy Awards to access global commodity and energy market audiences.

As a non-independent business unit within a publicly traded conglomerate, World Hydrogen Leaders does not have separately disclosed financials, funding rounds, or standalone leadership beyond its founder and director Nadim Chaudhry. Its strategic positioning — and primary value proposition — is providing an integrated cross-technology forum for stakeholders moving clean energy projects from ambition to delivery, tackling blockers such as permitting, interconnection, offtake, storage/transport, standards, and bankability.

World Hydrogen Leaders firmographics

Firmographics
Name
World Hydrogen Leaders
Legal name
Green Power Conferences Ltd.
Website
https://worldhydrogenleaders.com
Company type
Private
Founded year
2017
Operating status
Operating
Headcount range
11–50 employees
Short description
World Hydrogen Leaders is a London-based B2B clean energy events business, now integrated within S&P Global Energy, operating the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series of conferences — including flagship events in Copenhagen and New Delhi — for industry leaders, policymakers, and technology pioneers.
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

World Hydrogen Leaders industry classification

Industry
Product category
Energy Industry Conferences and Events
NAICS
Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution (2211)
SIC
Electric & Other Services Combined (4931)
akta.pro primary industry
Hydrogen & Derivative Fuels for Industry (H₂, Ammonia, Methanol) (EUABAJAC)
akta.pro secondary industries
Hydrogen Blending Strategy & Regulatory Readiness (EUAJAJAE), Hydrogen Energy Storage & Power-to-X Equipment (electrolyzers, storage, fuel cell systems) (IMAGAHAM), Hydrogen (Industrial & Mobility) (IMAEACAB)

Keywords

  • Clean energy conferences
  • Hydrogen industry events
  • Energy networking forums
  • Renewable energy summits
  • Clean energy expansion

Where World Hydrogen Leaders is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
London
HQ country
United Kingdom
HQ region
Europe

Offices1 record

Markets served

World Hydrogen Leaders business model

Business model
GTM type
B2B
Offering type
Services
Cost components
Marketing or Sales, Operations, Personnel, Others

Revenue model

  1. Conference and Event Registrations: The company generates revenue through paid attendance and registration fees for its conferences and events, including the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series events targeting B2B stakeholders in the energy sector.

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels1 record

Marketing channels2 records

World Hydrogen Leaders product offering

Product offering

Core offering

World Hydrogen Leaders operates an integrated portfolio of clean energy conferences, exhibitions, and networking forums, now rebranded as the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series within S&P Global Energy. The portfolio targets B2B stakeholders in hydrogen, electrification, CCUS, grids, alternative fuels, nuclear, and geothermal sectors through flagship events such as the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion India Conference and Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week in Copenhagen.

Product overview

World Hydrogen Leaders is now fully integrated with S&P Global Energy as part of the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series. Rather than a single product, the offering is a portfolio of events and conferences designed for stakeholders moving from ambition to delivery. The portfolio includes three key products: the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series (the overarching portfolio brand), the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion India Conference 2026 (showcasing India's position as a hydrogen production hub), and the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week 2026 (a multi-track event covering hydrogen, carbon management, grids, and financing). The events bring together technology, infrastructure, policy, and investment conversations needed to scale clean energy securely, competitively, and at pace.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

  • Horizons Clean Energy Expansion India Conference: Conference turning hydrogen ambition into industrial reality in India, held September 23-25, 2026 in New Delhi. Second edition, formerly known as World Hydrogen India.
  • Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week

Products and services

  • Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series An integrated portfolio of clean energy conferences and networking events, evolved from the World Hydrogen Leaders series, designed for enterprise stakeholders moving from ambition to delivery across hydrogen, power, molecules, and enabling infrastructure.
  • Horizons Clean Energy Expansion India Conference 2026 Conference held September 23-25, 2026 in New Delhi (formerly World Hydrogen India), showcasing technologies, bankable projects, and supply chains while addressing scaling, manufacturing localisation, and international trade integration for India's hydrogen hub ambitions.
  • Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week 2026 Multi-track event held November 24-27, 2026 in Copenhagen (formerly World Hydrogen Week) bringing together industry leaders, policymakers, and technology pioneers across hydrogen, feedstocks and fuels, carbon management, resilient grids, and innovative financing, complemented by guided tours of carbon capture and hydrogen facilities.

Companies that use World Hydrogen Leaders

Customer profile

Segments1 record

Ideal customer profiles1 record

World Hydrogen Leaders technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

World Hydrogen Leaders partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Partnerships

One partnership is on record.

  • S&P GlobalcoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerWorld Hydrogen Leaders has become fully integrated with S&P Global Energy. The hydrogen event portfolio has evolved into the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series within S&P Global's events division. This integration provides access to S&P Global's broader energy events portfolio including CERAWeek, APPEC, and Platts Global Energy Awards, along with S&P Global's data-driven analysis and authoritative market perspectives.

Recent moves6 records

Expansion highlights4 records

World Hydrogen Leaders competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Broad incumbents

  • ADIPEC (dmg events): ADIPEC is one of the world's largest energy industry events spanning oil, gas, and increasingly hydrogen and decarbonization. Comparable as a major energy events incumbent expanding into the same hydrogen and clean energy programming space.

Direct peers

  • BloombergNEF: BloombergNEF hosts the BNEF Summit and several clean energy/transition events targeting the same enterprise audience of financiers, policymakers, and project developers. Comparable as a research-and-events platform covering hydrogen, power, and clean energy infrastructure with strong brand and institutional reach.
  • Wood Mackenzie: Wood Mackenzie operates Energy Transition and Hydrogen Forums alongside its research subscriptions, targeting similar energy executives and investors. Direct peer as a subscription-data-plus-events platform covering the same hydrogen and energy transition buyer base.
  • Reuters Events: Reuters Events runs the Hydrogen Transition and Energy Transition conferences globally, directly targeting the same B2B stakeholder mix of industry leaders, policymakers, and financiers. Comparable scale and event-driven GTM in the clean energy conference category.
  • World Energy Council: World Energy Council runs the World Energy Congress and other convenings covering the full energy transition including hydrogen, grids, and clean fuels. Comparable as a global, multi-stakeholder B2B energy events organization.
  • Atlantic Council Global Energy Forum: The Atlantic Council hosts the Global Energy Forum covering geopolitics, energy security, and the transition. Comparable as a high-level policy-and-business convening targeting policymakers and energy executives intersecting with Horizons' delivery focus.

Emerging players

  • Hydrogen Council: Hydrogen Council convenes CEO-level hydrogen executives and publishes hydrogen-focused insights. Comparable as a hydrogen-specific industry forum but with a narrower membership-based model rather than paid registration events.
  • European Hydrogen Backbone: A consortium-driven initiative hosting working sessions and convenings on hydrogen pipeline infrastructure across Europe. Partial overlap with the hydrogen infrastructure and policy themes covered at Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week in Copenhagen.
  • Energy Council: Energy Council hosts senior-level energy executive roundtables and summits globally, including on hydrogen and transition topics. Comparable as a high-level B2B convening platform targeting similar enterprise buyers.

Regional players

  • Global Wind Energy Council: GWEC organizes major wind industry events globally that share overlapping attendee base with clean energy conferences. Comparable as an industry association events business serving energy transition professionals, though narrower to wind.

Market position

Strengths4 records

Weaknesses4 records

Competitive moat3 records

Key risks2 records

Key highlights5 records

Customer concentration

World Hydrogen Leaders social profiles

Digital presence

World Hydrogen Leaders financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

World Hydrogen Leaders leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Profiles1 record

World Hydrogen Leaders funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

World Hydrogen Leaders M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about World Hydrogen Leaders

What does World Hydrogen Leaders do?

World Hydrogen Leaders operates an integrated portfolio of clean energy conferences, exhibitions, and networking forums, now rebranded as the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Series within S&P Global Energy. The portfolio targets B2B stakeholders in hydrogen, electrification, CCUS, grids, alternative fuels, nuclear, and geothermal sectors through flagship events such as the Horizons Clean Energy Expansion India Conference and Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week in Copenhagen.

Is World Hydrogen Leaders a public or private company?

World Hydrogen Leaders is a private company. It is classified as corporate owned and is currently operating.

When was World Hydrogen Leaders founded?

World Hydrogen Leaders was founded in 2017. It employs 11 to 50 people.

Where is World Hydrogen Leaders based?

World Hydrogen Leaders is headquartered in London, United Kingdom, in the Europe region.

How does World Hydrogen Leaders make money?

One revenue line is on record: conference and Event Registrations.

Who are World Hydrogen Leaders's main competitors?

ADIPEC (dmg events) is listed as a broad incumbent. Direct peers are BloombergNEF, Wood Mackenzie, Reuters Events, World Energy Council and Atlantic Council Global Energy Forum. Emerging players are Hydrogen Council, European Hydrogen Backbone and Energy Council. Global Wind Energy Council is listed as a regional player.

Does World Hydrogen Leaders have an API?

No public API is recorded for World Hydrogen Leaders.

What industry is World Hydrogen Leaders in?

World Hydrogen Leaders's product category is Energy Industry Conferences and Events. Its primary akta.pro industry code is EUABAJAC, Hydrogen & Derivative Fuels for Industry (H₂, Ammonia, Methanol), with a secondary code of EUAJAJAE, Hydrogen Blending Strategy & Regulatory Readiness. Its NAICS code is 2211 and its SIC code is 4931.

Unlock the full company data

50 free credits on sign-up, no credit card required.

Contact sales
Live signals
PR NewswireS&P Global Commodity Insights Acquires World Hydrogen LeadersS&P Global Commodity Insights announced the acquisition of World Hydrogen Leaders, a portfolio of hydrogen-related conferences and events, on May 14, 2024. This strategic move aims to expand S&P Global's Energy Transition offerings by integrating World Hydrogen Leaders' digital training, market intelligence, and event brand into its global conferences business. The acquisition aligns with projected growth in the hydrogen sector, which is expected to nearly triple by 2050.SpglobalS&P Global Commodity Insights Acquires World Hydrogen LeadersS&P Global Commodity Insights has acquired World Hydrogen Leaders, a portfolio of hydrogen-related conferences, events, and market intelligence services. This acquisition expands S&P Global's offerings in the energy transition sector, aligning with projections that global hydrogen supply will nearly triple by 2050. The deal integrates World Hydrogen Leaders' events, such as World Hydrogen Week, into S&P Global's existing global flagship conference portfolio.Investing.comS&P Global acquires World Hydrogen Leaders By Investing.comS&P Global Commodity Insights has acquired World Hydrogen Leaders, a provider of hydrogen-focused events and market intelligence, to expand its conference portfolio. This acquisition reflects a strategic move to enhance S&P Global's offerings in the hydrogen sector, which is projected to see significant growth in production. The move is set against the backdrop of increasing global hydrogen production forecasts, highlighting the sector's importance in energy transition and decarbonization efforts.