Posiva

What Posiva does

Posiva Oy is a Finnish nuclear waste management company, jointly owned by Teollisuuden Voima Oyj (TVO, ~70%) and Fortum, that operates the Onkalo deep geological repository — the world's first permanent facility for the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel. The repository is built 400-433 meters underground in 1.9-billion-year-old migmatite-gneiss bedrock near the Olkiluoto nuclear power plant in Eurajoki, Finland, and uses a multi-barrier engineered system comprising corrosion-resistant copper canisters, bentonite clay buffer, steel-reinforced concrete plugs, and stable bedrock to isolate radioactive material for at least 100,000 years. The facility has capacity for up to 6,500 tonnes of spent nuclear fuel, encapsulated at the adjacent encapsulation plant and installed via the KSAA canister transfer and installation vehicle with approximately 5-millimeter placement accuracy.

The business model is government-regulated: under Finland's 1994 Nuclear Energy Act, nuclear power operators are legally required to fund domestic nuclear waste management through the State Nuclear Waste Management Fund, giving Posiva a captive two-customer base (TVO and Fortum) and a multi-decade revenue visibility tied to Finland's nuclear fleet. Total project cost is approximately €1 billion ($1.16 billion). The company also operates Posiva Solutions Oy, a wholly-owned consulting subsidiary selling geological-disposal expertise and ready-made solutions to international nuclear waste management organizations including KORAD, SKB, Andra, and NWMO.

Posiva is currently in the final pre-commercial phase: test operations began on 30 August 2024, the operating license application was submitted in December 2021, and the Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) is expected to deliver its final safety assessment by end of June 2026 ahead of commercial disposal operations targeted for 2026-2027. The facility is designed to remain operational into the 2120s when permanent sealing is expected after all fuel has been disposed, giving Posiva a century-long operational horizon.

Name

Posiva

Legal name

Posiva Oy

Website

https://posiva.fi

Company type

Private

Founded year

1992

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

51–100 employees

Short description

Posiva Oy, jointly owned by TVO and Fortum, operates the Onkalo deep geological repository in Finland — the world's first permanent facility for final disposal of spent nuclear fuel from Finland's nuclear power operators.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Product category

Nuclear Waste Management

NAICS

Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal (562211)

SIC

Hazardous Waste Management (4955)

akta.pro primary industry

Nuclear Waste Management & Geological Disposal (EUACADAM)

akta.pro secondary industries

Interim storage facilities & operations (LLW/ILW/HLW storage, vaults, dry storage for waste forms) (EUAKAGAD), Repository operations & waste emplacement (handling systems, emplacement, ventilation) (EUAKAGAI), Spent Fuel Management & Interim Storage (EUACADAL)

Keywords

• Nuclear waste disposal
• Spent fuel encapsulation
• Geological repository services
• Radioactive waste management
• Deep geological storage

Headquarters

HQ city

Eurajoki

HQ country

Finland

HQ region

Europe

Offices2 records

Markets served

GTM type

B2B

Offering type

Services

Cost components

Infrastructure, Technology or R&D, Personnel, Operations

Revenue model

1. Nuclear Waste Management Services: Government-regulated nuclear waste disposal services funded by nuclear power operators. In Finland, nuclear power companies are legally required to cover all nuclear waste management costs, with funds set aside in the State Nuclear Waste Management Fund.
2. Expert Services (Posiva Solutions): Posiva Solutions Oy provides consulting and expert services for final disposal design, research and development to other nuclear waste management companies globally. Revenue decreased slightly in 2025 due to delayed customer projects.

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels1 record

Marketing channels5 records

Core offering

Posiva provides final disposal services for spent nuclear fuel in the Onkalo deep geological repository at Olkiluoto, Finland. The service covers receipt of spent fuel assemblies, encapsulation in leak-tight copper canisters, surrounding the canisters with a bentonite clay buffer, and emplacement in deposition tunnels excavated more than 400 meters into crystalline bedrock. The company also packages its four-decade R&D, full-scale testing, and licensing experience into consulting services offered internationally through Posiva Solutions.

Product overview

Posiva operates a comprehensive spent nuclear fuel disposal system centered on the geological final disposal solution, comprising the ONKALO deep repository facility, the Encapsulation Plant for preparing canisters, and the KSAA transfer/installation vehicle for depositing canisters. Supporting this core infrastructure are testing programs (FISST, YTK), the EKA construction project, and Posiva Solutions for international consulting services. The company is transitioning from project phase to production operations, with an operating license application pending regulatory approval.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

• ONKALO: The geological disposal facility and repository name for spent nuclear fuel, located deep in the Olkiluoto bedrock in Eurajoki, Finland. ONKALO is the world's first permanent underground nuclear waste disposal facility.

Products and services

• Onkalo Deep Geological Repository
• Spent Fuel Encapsulation Service
• KSAA Canister Transfer Vehicle
• Posiva Solutions (Consulting and Know-How Services)
• FISST Full-Scale In-Situ Test

Quantifiable outcome

• First permanent nuclear waste disposal facility globally
• +2 more outcomes

Named customers2 records

Segments2 records

Ideal customer profiles2 records

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API

No

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Feature5 records

Partnerships

Four partnerships are on record, tiered minor and core.

• Korea Radioactive Waste Agency (KORAD)minorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 March 2026KORAD and Posiva held bilateral meetings at the Waste Management Symposia 2026 in Phoenix, Arizona to lay groundwork for future joint research and technical cooperation in radioactive waste management. This follows KORAD's initiative to strengthen international cooperation on radioactive waste management programs.
• SKB (Sweden)minorStrategic or Co-development PartnerTechnical cooperation between Posiva and Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) on geological repository development. Both organizations are developing similar deep geological repositories and share technical knowledge.
• Teollisuuden Voima Oyj (TVO)coreOthersTVO is Posiva's majority owner (approximately 70%) and primary customer. TVO operates the Olkiluoto nuclear power plant and Posiva provides disposal services for TVO's spent nuclear fuel. The relationship is governed by Finnish nuclear law requiring domestic nuclear waste management.
• FortumcoreOthersFortum is a co-owner of Posiva and nuclear power operator whose spent fuel Posiva will dispose of. The relationship combines ownership with customer service provision under Finland's nuclear waste management framework.

Scale indicators9 records

Recent moves6 records

Expansion highlights5 records

Emerging players

• ENRESA: Spain's national radioactive waste management company responsible for the El Cabril facility and planning for high-level waste disposal; comparable as a state-owned, nuclear-operator-funded waste services entity.
• COVRA (Centrale Organisatie Voor Radioactief Afval): Dutch state-owned radioactive waste management organization; smaller in scale and earlier in repository development than Posiva but operating under the same national-mandate model for permanent waste isolation.

Direct peers

• Andra: France's national radioactive waste management agency, operating the Cigéo deep geological disposal project for high-level and long-lived waste; directly comparable as a state-mandated organization implementing permanent disposal.
• Nuclear Waste Services (NWS, UK): UK organization responsible for disposing of the UK's higher-activity radioactive waste, including planning for a Geological Disposal Facility (GDF); comparable in mandate, regulatory engagement, and end-state solution design.
• KORAD (Korea Radioactive Waste Agency): Korea's national radioactive waste management agency responsible for spent fuel disposal program development; engaged in direct technical cooperation with Posiva through bilateral meetings and KORAD's stated initiative to strengthen international cooperation.
• NUMO (Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan): Japan's implementing organization for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste; comparable in mandate, siting process, and the regulatory pathway that mirrors Posiva's license-to-operate journey.
• SKB (Svensk Kärnbränslehantering): Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company developing the Forsmark deep geological repository for spent nuclear fuel using the same KBS-3 multi-barrier concept (copper canisters + bentonite buffer); explicitly named as Posiva's technical cooperation partner.
• BGE (formerly DBE / Bundesgesellschaft für Endlagerung): German federal company tasked with selecting and operating a deep geological repository for high-level radioactive waste; directly comparable as a national state-mandated organization in the same permanent-disposal category.
• NWMO (Nuclear Waste Management Organization): Canadian organization responsible for implementing Canada's deep geological repository for used nuclear fuel; explicitly listed as a Posiva Solutions client and operates on the same end-state, multi-barrier disposal model.
• Nagra: Swiss National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste, advancing deep geological repository siting in Northern Switzerland for spent fuel and high-level waste using comparable engineered barrier systems.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat5 records

Key risks5 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

• Xx.com/Posiva_fi
• YouTubeyoutube.com/channel/UCjheFhzJ5MUDExjVN9X2lPw
• Facebookfacebook.com/Olkiluoto
• LinkedInlinkedin.com/company/posiva-oy
• Instagraminstagram.com/olkiluoto_fi/?hl=fi

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Profiles4 records

Subsidiaries1 record

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Posiva