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World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services

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Namestring
World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services
Legal namestring
WAEES LLC
Websiteurl
waees-llc.com
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
2002
Descriptiontext

WAEES (World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services) is a private, Columbia, Missouri-based consulting firm specializing in economic analysis at the intersection of global agriculture, biofuels, and agricultural policy. Founded in 2002 as Economic Consulting Group, renamed WAEES in 2011, and strengthened by the 2017 merger with Kruse Econometric Consulting, the firm is owned and led by Managing Principal Dr. John Kruse. WAEES serves agricultural trade organizations, government entities, agribusinesses, and universities with custom consulting engagements, policy advocacy support, and quarterly baseline forecasts. Notable documented clients include the United Soybean Board and the American Soybean Association, with engagements that have shaped positions on EPA biofuels policy (the 'half-RIN' question) and the economic consequences of removing seed oils from the U.S. food supply.

The firm's central asset is the GABE (Global Agricultural and Biofuels Partial Equilibrium Model), a proprietary structural econometric system simulating more than 25,000 equations across 48 countries/regions and covering 36 international commodities plus 16 U.S.-specific sectors spanning crops, livestock, and biofuels. GABE integrates policy frameworks, macroeconomic indicators, crude oil prices, technology adoption, and historical data, producing quarterly-updated baselines (1,200+ detailed tables of supply, demand, and prices) and multiple scenario analyses per year with projections through 2040. Sub-models cover Global Field Crops, Global Livestock & Dairy, Global Biofuels, U.S. Specialty Crops, U.S. Farm Income & Food Prices, and Global Land Use Change. WAEES is currently migrating the legacy Excel-based GABE stack into Python under Director & Senior Software Architect Brandon Laufer, supported by a University of Missouri co-op pipeline of approximately 10 student analysts.

WAEES monetizes exclusively through custom professional-services engagements sold via direct consulting relationships — no published pricing, no subscription products, and no indirect channels. Marketing is relationship-driven, relying on industry reputation, professional network referrals, and earned media in agricultural trade publications. The team is small (1–10 full-time staff including two Ph.D. economists and several Master's-level economists, plus co-op students) and the firm operates from a single Columbia, Missouri headquarters with global analytic reach defined by GABE's country and commodity coverage.

Short descriptiontext

WAEES is a Columbia, Missouri-based economic consulting firm that delivers custom policy, market, and scenario analysis for global agriculture and biofuels using its proprietary GABE partial equilibrium model covering 36 commodities and 48 regions. It serves agricultural trade groups, government agencies, agribusinesses, and universities.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
Headcount rangeband
1–10
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersColumbia, United States
HQ citystring
Columbia
HQ countrystring
United States
HQ regionstring
North America
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices1 record

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
agricultural economic modeling, biofuels market forecasting, partial equilibrium modeling, agricultural policy analysis, scenario analysis consulting
Industry2 codes
1Carbon Market Data, Indices, Ratings & Price Reporting (MRPAs)
CodeEUAGAIAHPrimaryYes
2Enterprise Carbon Accounting & GHG Inventory Platforms
CodeEUABAEAAPrimaryNo
SIC code1 code
  • Services-Commercial Physical & Biological Research8731
Product category
Agricultural Economic Consulting
GTM motion1 record

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

Revenue model1 record
1Consulting Services
TypeProfessional Services
Description

WAEES provides consulting services to public and private decision-makers including agricultural organizations, universities, government entities, and agribusinesses. Engagements are tailored to client-specific challenges in policy analysis, market forecasting, and scenario analysis.

waees-llc.com
Marketing channels2 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels1 record

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

Cost components3 values
Personnel, Technology or R&D, Operations
GTM typeB2B
B2B
Offering typeServices
Services
Core offering1 text field

WAEES is a specialized research and consulting firm providing data-driven global agricultural and biofuels forecasting and scenario analysis. Its work centers on the proprietary GABE partial equilibrium model covering 36 commodities across 48 regions, delivering quarterly baseline forecasts and custom policy analysis to clients.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Product overview1 text field

WAEES is a specialized research and consulting firm offering a unified analytical platform centered on its proprietary GABE (Global Agricultural and Biofuels Partial Equilibrium Model) system. The core offering consists of scenario-driven consulting services and quarterly baseline forecasts covering 36 international commodities and 48 regions. The product portfolio includes specialized sub-models for Global Field Crops, Global Livestock & Dairy, Global Biofuels, U.S. Specialty Crops, U.S. Farm Income & Food Prices, and Global Land Use Change, all integrated within the GABE framework that projects outputs to 2040 for area, yield, production, consumption, trade, stocks, and prices.

Product and service13 records
1GABE (Global Agricultural and Biofuels Partial Equilibrium Model)
CategoryCore product
Description

WAEES's proprietary partial equilibrium model system that simulates over 25,000 equations across 48 countries and regions, covering 36 international commodities and 16 additional U.S.-specific sectors including crops, livestock, and biofuels.

2Baseline Analysis
CategoryCore product
Description

Proprietary global forecasts updated quarterly with over 1,200 detailed tables of agricultural and biofuels supply, demand, and prices.

3Scenario Analysis
CategoryCore product
Description

Contrasts baseline and policy-change conditions to measure economic and environmental impacts with precision, analyzing policy shifts, technological changes, market volatility, and climate variability.

4Biofuels Modeling
CategoryCore product
Description

Assesses feedstock availability, subsidy impacts, trade policy, and biofuel mandates across global markets.

5Policy & Trade Analysis
CategoryCore product
Description

Evaluates domestic supports, tariffs, and new policies using a globally integrated model framework.

6Technology Evaluation
CategoryCore product
Description

Quantifies the productivity, economic, and environmental gains of new and existing agricultural technologies.

7WAEES Insights
CategoryCore product
Description

Provides updates and analysis regarding current U.S. and global supply and demand, including crop area, yields, trade and domestic consumption.

8Global Field Crops Model
CategorySub-product
Description

Partial equilibrium model coverage for the global field crops commodity sector.

9Global Livestock & Dairy Model
CategorySub-product
Description

Partial equilibrium model coverage for the global livestock and dairy commodity sector.

10Global Biofuels Model
CategorySub-product
Description

Partial equilibrium model coverage for the global biofuels sector.

11U.S. Specialty Crops Model
CategorySub-product
Description

Partial equilibrium model coverage for U.S. specialty crops.

12U.S. Farm Income & Food Prices Model
CategorySub-product
Description

Partial equilibrium model coverage for U.S. farm income and food prices.

13Global Land Use Change Model
CategorySub-product
Description

Partial equilibrium model coverage for global land use change.

Scale indicator7 records

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Recent move9 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight4 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers10 records
TypeOthers
Description

U.S. ethanol industry trade association that frequently commissions and consumes biofuels policy analysis of the type WAEES provides - adjacent rather than directly competitive, but a key ecosystem participant and potential repeat-client counterpart.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Federal government research agency that produces the canonical U.S. and global agricultural baselines, policy analysis, and food-price forecasts - the public-sector reference point that WAEES's GABE model emulates and competes against for government and association work.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Independent agricultural research and advisory firm providing global market analysis, price forecasts, and policy commentary to commodity traders and agribusinesses - a comparable subscription-style independent consulting model to WAEES.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Global information services firm (now part of S&P) where WAEES founder John Kruse previously worked; it competes broadly across agricultural and biofuels commodity analysis at enterprise scale with much larger headcount and data infrastructure.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Rabobank's in-house research arm produces global agricultural commodity outlooks, scenario analysis, and food-chain research that competes for many of the same agribusiness and policy clients served by WAEES.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Agricultural market research and advisory firm providing commodity outlooks, forecasts, and consulting to agribusiness clients across crops and livestock - similar independent niche positioning to WAEES.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

S&P's commodities platform offers broad agricultural and biofuels price benchmarks, analytics, and forecasts across many commodities, competing directly with WAEES's commodity and biofuels coverage but at much larger enterprise scale.

TypeDirect peer
Description

University of Missouri-affiliated research institute that produces baseline projections and policy analyses on U.S. and global agricultural markets - the closest analogue to WAEES's GABE framework; WAEES founder John Kruse previously co-directed its biofuels and transportation program.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Informa's agribusiness intelligence arm provides global commodity forecasting, biofuels analysis, and policy impact modeling that competes head-on with WAEES's GABE-driven consulting offering for agribusiness and association clients.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Global CGIAR-affiliated research institute providing policy analysis, modeling, and forecasting on food, agriculture, and climate - overlapping directly with WAEES's policy scenario and biofuels/climate work.

Market position
Strengths5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Weaknesses5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat4 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights6 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Named customers3 records

Each record includes

Name, Industry, Type, Use case, Source, UUID

Segment4 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Ideal customer profile4 records

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
No
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Feature8 records

Each record includes

Title, Differentiator, Description, Source

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Profiles7 records

Each record includes

Name, Designation, Designation category, Overview, Profile commentary, Source

No data
No data
Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services

Agricultural Economic Consultingwaees-llc.com

WAEES is a Columbia, Missouri-based economic consulting firm that delivers custom policy, market, and scenario analysis for global agriculture and biofuels using its proprietary GABE partial equilibrium model covering 36 commodities and 48 regions. It serves agricultural trade groups, government agencies, agribusinesses, and universities.

What World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services does

WAEES (World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services) is a private, Columbia, Missouri-based consulting firm specializing in economic analysis at the intersection of global agriculture, biofuels, and agricultural policy. Founded in 2002 as Economic Consulting Group, renamed WAEES in 2011, and strengthened by the 2017 merger with Kruse Econometric Consulting, the firm is owned and led by Managing Principal Dr. John Kruse. WAEES serves agricultural trade organizations, government entities, agribusinesses, and universities with custom consulting engagements, policy advocacy support, and quarterly baseline forecasts. Notable documented clients include the United Soybean Board and the American Soybean Association, with engagements that have shaped positions on EPA biofuels policy (the 'half-RIN' question) and the economic consequences of removing seed oils from the U.S. food supply.

The firm's central asset is the GABE (Global Agricultural and Biofuels Partial Equilibrium Model), a proprietary structural econometric system simulating more than 25,000 equations across 48 countries/regions and covering 36 international commodities plus 16 U.S.-specific sectors spanning crops, livestock, and biofuels. GABE integrates policy frameworks, macroeconomic indicators, crude oil prices, technology adoption, and historical data, producing quarterly-updated baselines (1,200+ detailed tables of supply, demand, and prices) and multiple scenario analyses per year with projections through 2040. Sub-models cover Global Field Crops, Global Livestock & Dairy, Global Biofuels, U.S. Specialty Crops, U.S. Farm Income & Food Prices, and Global Land Use Change. WAEES is currently migrating the legacy Excel-based GABE stack into Python under Director & Senior Software Architect Brandon Laufer, supported by a University of Missouri co-op pipeline of approximately 10 student analysts.

WAEES monetizes exclusively through custom professional-services engagements sold via direct consulting relationships — no published pricing, no subscription products, and no indirect channels. Marketing is relationship-driven, relying on industry reputation, professional network referrals, and earned media in agricultural trade publications. The team is small (1–10 full-time staff including two Ph.D. economists and several Master's-level economists, plus co-op students) and the firm operates from a single Columbia, Missouri headquarters with global analytic reach defined by GABE's country and commodity coverage.

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services firmographics

Firmographics
Name
World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services
Legal name
WAEES LLC
Website
https://waees-llc.com
Company type
Private
Founded year
2002
Operating status
Operating
Headcount range
1–10 employees
Short description
WAEES is a Columbia, Missouri-based economic consulting firm that delivers custom policy, market, and scenario analysis for global agriculture and biofuels using its proprietary GABE partial equilibrium model covering 36 commodities and 48 regions. It serves agricultural trade groups, government agencies, agribusinesses, and universities.
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services industry classification

Industry
Product category
Agricultural Economic Consulting
SIC
Services-Commercial Physical & Biological Research (8731)
akta.pro primary industry
Carbon Market Data, Indices, Ratings & Price Reporting (MRPAs) (EUAGAIAH)
akta.pro secondary industry
Enterprise Carbon Accounting & GHG Inventory Platforms (EUABAEAA)

Keywords

  • Agricultural economic modeling
  • Biofuels market forecasting
  • Partial equilibrium modeling
  • Agricultural policy analysis
  • Scenario analysis consulting

Where World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
Columbia
HQ country
United States
HQ region
North America

Offices1 record

Markets served

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services business model

Business model
GTM type
B2B
Offering type
Services
Cost components
Personnel, Technology or R&D, Operations

Revenue model

  1. Consulting Services: WAEES provides consulting services to public and private decision-makers including agricultural organizations, universities, government entities, and agribusinesses. Engagements are tailored to client-specific challenges in policy analysis, market forecasting, and scenario analysis.

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels1 record

Marketing channels2 records

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services product offering

Product offering

Core offering

WAEES is a specialized research and consulting firm providing data-driven global agricultural and biofuels forecasting and scenario analysis. Its work centers on the proprietary GABE partial equilibrium model covering 36 commodities across 48 regions, delivering quarterly baseline forecasts and custom policy analysis to clients.

Product overview

WAEES is a specialized research and consulting firm offering a unified analytical platform centered on its proprietary GABE (Global Agricultural and Biofuels Partial Equilibrium Model) system. The core offering consists of scenario-driven consulting services and quarterly baseline forecasts covering 36 international commodities and 48 regions. The product portfolio includes specialized sub-models for Global Field Crops, Global Livestock & Dairy, Global Biofuels, U.S. Specialty Crops, U.S. Farm Income & Food Prices, and Global Land Use Change, all integrated within the GABE framework that projects outputs to 2040 for area, yield, production, consumption, trade, stocks, and prices.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Products and services

  • GABE (Global Agricultural and Biofuels Partial Equilibrium Model) WAEES's proprietary partial equilibrium model system that simulates over 25,000 equations across 48 countries and regions, covering 36 international commodities and 16 additional U.S.-specific sectors including crops, livestock, and biofuels.
  • Baseline Analysis Proprietary global forecasts updated quarterly with over 1,200 detailed tables of agricultural and biofuels supply, demand, and prices.
  • Scenario Analysis Contrasts baseline and policy-change conditions to measure economic and environmental impacts with precision, analyzing policy shifts, technological changes, market volatility, and climate variability.
  • Biofuels Modeling Assesses feedstock availability, subsidy impacts, trade policy, and biofuel mandates across global markets.
  • Policy & Trade Analysis Evaluates domestic supports, tariffs, and new policies using a globally integrated model framework.
  • Technology Evaluation Quantifies the productivity, economic, and environmental gains of new and existing agricultural technologies.
  • WAEES Insights Provides updates and analysis regarding current U.S. and global supply and demand, including crop area, yields, trade and domestic consumption.
  • Global Field Crops Model Partial equilibrium model coverage for the global field crops commodity sector.
  • Global Livestock & Dairy Model Partial equilibrium model coverage for the global livestock and dairy commodity sector.
  • Global Biofuels Model Partial equilibrium model coverage for the global biofuels sector.
  • U.S. Specialty Crops Model Partial equilibrium model coverage for U.S. specialty crops.
  • U.S. Farm Income & Food Prices Model Partial equilibrium model coverage for U.S. farm income and food prices.
  • Global Land Use Change Model Partial equilibrium model coverage for global land use change.

Companies that use World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services

Customer profile

Named customers3 records

Segments4 records

Ideal customer profiles4 records

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Feature8 records

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Scale indicators7 records

Recent moves9 records

Expansion highlights4 records

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Others

  • Renewable Fuels Association (RFA): U.S. ethanol industry trade association that frequently commissions and consumes biofuels policy analysis of the type WAEES provides - adjacent rather than directly competitive, but a key ecosystem participant and potential repeat-client counterpart.

Broad incumbents

  • USDA Economic Research Service (ERS): Federal government research agency that produces the canonical U.S. and global agricultural baselines, policy analysis, and food-price forecasts - the public-sector reference point that WAEES's GABE model emulates and competes against for government and association work.
  • IHS Markit (now part of S&P Global): Global information services firm (now part of S&P) where WAEES founder John Kruse previously worked; it competes broadly across agricultural and biofuels commodity analysis at enterprise scale with much larger headcount and data infrastructure.
  • S&P Global Commodity Insights (Platts): S&P's commodities platform offers broad agricultural and biofuels price benchmarks, analytics, and forecasts across many commodities, competing directly with WAEES's commodity and biofuels coverage but at much larger enterprise scale.

Direct peers

  • AgResource Company: Independent agricultural research and advisory firm providing global market analysis, price forecasts, and policy commentary to commodity traders and agribusinesses - a comparable subscription-style independent consulting model to WAEES.
  • Rabobank Food & Agribusiness Research: Rabobank's in-house research arm produces global agricultural commodity outlooks, scenario analysis, and food-chain research that competes for many of the same agribusiness and policy clients served by WAEES.
  • Doane Advisory Services (Farm Journal): Agricultural market research and advisory firm providing commodity outlooks, forecasts, and consulting to agribusiness clients across crops and livestock - similar independent niche positioning to WAEES.
  • Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI): University of Missouri-affiliated research institute that produces baseline projections and policy analyses on U.S. and global agricultural markets - the closest analogue to WAEES's GABE framework; WAEES founder John Kruse previously co-directed its biofuels and transportation program.
  • Informa Economics (IEG / Informa Agribusiness Consulting): Informa's agribusiness intelligence arm provides global commodity forecasting, biofuels analysis, and policy impact modeling that competes head-on with WAEES's GABE-driven consulting offering for agribusiness and association clients.
  • International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI): Global CGIAR-affiliated research institute providing policy analysis, modeling, and forecasting on food, agriculture, and climate - overlapping directly with WAEES's policy scenario and biofuels/climate work.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat4 records

Key risks5 records

Key highlights6 records

Customer concentration

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services social profiles

Digital presence

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Profiles7 records

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services

What does World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services do?

WAEES is a specialized research and consulting firm providing data-driven global agricultural and biofuels forecasting and scenario analysis. Its work centers on the proprietary GABE partial equilibrium model covering 36 commodities across 48 regions, delivering quarterly baseline forecasts and custom policy analysis to clients.

Is World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services a public or private company?

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services is a private company. It is classified as founder individual operated bootstrapped and is currently operating.

When was World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services founded?

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services was founded in 2002. It employs 1 to 10 people.

Where is World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services based?

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services is headquartered in Columbia, United States, in the North America region.

How does World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services make money?

One revenue line is on record: consulting Services.

Who are World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services's main competitors?

Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) is listed as an others. Broad incumbents are USDA Economic Research Service (ERS), IHS Markit (now part of S&P Global) and S&P Global Commodity Insights (Platts). Direct peers are AgResource Company, Rabobank Food & Agribusiness Research, Doane Advisory Services (Farm Journal), Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI), Informa Economics (IEG / Informa Agribusiness Consulting) and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

Does World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services have an API?

No public API is recorded for World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services.

What industry is World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services in?

World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services's product category is Agricultural Economic Consulting. Its primary akta.pro industry code is EUAGAIAH, Carbon Market Data, Indices, Ratings & Price Reporting (MRPAs), with a secondary code of EUABAEAA, Enterprise Carbon Accounting & GHG Inventory Platforms. Its SIC code is 8731.

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Live signals
ProducerU.S. soy sector backs biofuel market restrictionsAmerican soybean growers, through the American Soybean Association, are lobbying the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to maintain a proposed "half-RIN" policy that would assign only 50 per cent of Renewable Identification Number credits to imported biofuel feedstocks like Canadian canola oil. An economic analysis funded by the United Soybean Board and conducted by World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services shows the policy would prevent U.S. soy cash receipts from falling by an estimated US$2.1 billion in 2026-27 and protect soybean oil values from declining by $4.8 billion. The Canadian Oilseed Processors Association has expressed opposition, warning the policy could seriously restrict Canadian canola oil exports to the U.S. biofuel market, while the EPA is expected to issue its final rule in the first quarter of 2026.Farm ProgressPotential seed oil ban could cost farmers billions, spike consumer pricesThe Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Robert Kennedy Jr. and social media influencers have raised concerns about vegetable seed oils, prompting discussions of a potential ban that could cost farmers billions. A report by the World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services indicates that such a ban could lead to a 3.4% decline in soybean prices and a $3 billion decrease in overall crop cash receipts annually from 2026 to 2035. If implemented, the ban would likely increase consumer prices for fats and oils by approximately 30%.FeedstuffsImpacts of removing seed oils from U.S. food supply strikingA study funded by the United Soybean Board and conducted by World Agricultural Economic & Environmental Services (WAEES) examined the potential impacts of a U.S. seed oil ban, projecting that soybean prices would fall by over 3% per year, farm income would drop by approximately $2 billion annually, and consumer prices for fats and oils would increase by 28–35%. The study also found that palm oil imports would surge to fill the gap, requiring an estimated 3.3 million additional acres of global palm production, while meat supplies to consumers would decline by over 12 lb. per year due to higher feed costs. The American Soybean Association and United Soybean Board are using these findings to argue against seed oil bans, citing an FDA-qualified health claim supporting soybean oil's cardiovascular benefits.