Pragma
Pragma builds a zk-STARK-based oracle protocol delivering verifiable, low-latency price and computational data feeds for DeFi applications on Starknet and Miden, serving lending protocols, DEXs, and infrastructure partners like the Starknet Foundation.
- Company typePrivate
- Founded2023
- HeadquartersGeneva, Switzerland
- Headcount1–10
- GTM typeB2B
- OfferingSoftware
What Pragma does
Pragma is a blockchain infrastructure company building a verifiable, zk-STARK-based oracle protocol primarily for the Starknet and Miden ecosystems. Founded in 2023 (legal entity ZkPad SA, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland), the company operates with a small core team of 1-10 employees and offers on-chain price feeds, computational feeds (TWAP, volatility, yield curves), and an off-chain API for low-latency data access. Raw price data is pushed on-chain directly by whitelisted first-party publishers (market makers, solvers, exchanges) with aggregation occurring entirely at the smart contract level, eliminating off-chain trust assumptions and positioning Pragma as a "provable oracle."
The active product portfolio consists of the core Pragma Oracle, the Pragma Node API (REST, WebSocket including Starkex and Lightspeed endpoints, and SSE), Computational Feeds on Starknet, and a native oracle implementation for the Miden rollup using Foreign Procedure Invocation. Several earlier products — Pragma VRF, the Optimistic Oracle, and Merkle Feeds — have been deprecated and migrated to partners (e.g., Cartridge VRF) or to custom enterprise solutions, indicating active product iteration. Go-to-market is product-led and developer-focused, leveraging open-source repositories (Python and Rust SDKs), comprehensive documentation, Discord/Telegram communities, GitHub engagement, and ecosystem events (DevCon Thailand, Campus Punta Cana).
The company has not publicly disclosed revenue or external funding rounds. Its business model centers on usage-based pricing for the API (currently in private beta) and a planned token-gated access mechanism via the referenced "Pragma future Token," supplemented by bespoke enterprise integrations. Named customers include the Starknet Foundation (first API user for STRK/ETH gas price feeds powering the sequencer), StarkWare (co-investor and strategic endorser), and DeFi protocols such as zkLend, Nostra, Vesu, Carmine Options, Nimbora, Avnu, Raize, and Enigma. The company claims its existing product offerings have secured hundreds of millions of dollars in DeFi TVL, though this measures ecosystem value protected rather than Pragma's own revenue.
Pragma firmographics
Firmographics- Name
- Pragma
- Legal name
- ZkPad SA
- Website
- https://pragma.build
- Company type
- Private
- Founded year
- 2023
- Operating status
- Operating
- Headcount range
- 1–10 employees
- Short description
- Pragma builds a zk-STARK-based oracle protocol delivering verifiable, low-latency price and computational data feeds for DeFi applications on Starknet and Miden, serving lending protocols, DEXs, and infrastructure partners like the Starknet Foundation.
- Ownership category
- akta.pro rank
Pragma industry classification
Industry- Product category
- Blockchain Oracle Infrastructure
- NAICS
- Software Publishers (513210), Computing Infrastructure Providers, Data Processing, Web Hosting, and Related Services (518), Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities (522320)
- SIC
- Services-Computer Programming, Data Processing, Etc. (7370), Security & Commodity Brokers, Dealers, Exchanges & Services (6200), Services-Prepackaged Software (7372)
- akta.pro primary industry
- Oracle Networks & Off-Chain Data (price feeds, randomness, attestation) (FSAPABAE)
- akta.pro secondary industries
- Smart Contract Execution Environments (EVM/WASM, runtimes, precompiles) (FSAPABAA), RWA Oracles, Data Attestation & Proof-of-Reserve/Proof-of-Collateral (FSADAEAM)
Keywords
Where Pragma is headquartered
LocationHeadquarters
- HQ city
- Geneva
- HQ country
- Switzerland
- HQ region
- Europe
Markets served
Pragma business model
Business model- GTM type
- B2B
- Offering type
- Software
- Cost components
- Personnel, Technology or R&D, Infrastructure, Operations, Marketing or Sales
Revenue model
- Oracle Data Feed Access: Developers and protocols access Pragma's oracle data feeds through on-chain smart contract integration or off-chain API calls. The terms reference data computation services provided by decentralized networks of node operators, suggesting a model where node operators sell usage of specific data via data feeds and APIs to smart contracts integrating Pragma software.
- Pragma Token Utility: The terms reference 'Pragma future Token' used to access services provided by Pragma node operators. Node services are compensated in Pragma tokens, suggesting a token-gated access model for oracle services.
Pricing tiers
| Model | Billing | Price |
|---|---|---|
| Usage-based | Pay-as-you-go | VRF Callback Gas Fee |
| Usage-based | Pay-as-you-go | VRF Premium |
| Usage-based | Pay-as-you-go | API Private Beta |
Go-to-market motion2 records
Distribution channels4 records
Marketing channels8 records
Pragma product offering
Product offeringCore offering
Pragma is an open and permissionless zk-STARK-based oracle protocol providing verifiable, composable, and transparent data feeds for smart contracts on Starknet and Miden. The core product is an on-chain oracle that pushes raw data directly from whitelisted publishers, aggregates at the smart contract level, and uses STARK proofs to eliminate trust assumptions. The company also offers an off-chain Pragma Node API (REST, WebSocket, SSE) for low-latency data access and Computational Feeds (TWAP, volatility, yield curves) for advanced on-chain financial calculations.
Product overview
Pragma is an open and permissionless oracle infrastructure built natively for Starknet and Miden, providing verifiable, transparent data feeds to decentralized applications. The portfolio consists of the core Pragma Oracle (on-chain STARK-proven price and market data aggregation), the Pragma Node API (REST/WebSocket for real-time and historical off-chain data), and Computational Feeds (advanced on-chain calculations including TWAP, volatility, and yield curve). The core oracle pushes data on-chain via whitelisted publishers with aggregation at the smart contract level, while the API enables low-latency off-chain queries for applications requiring higher performance. The Miden implementation extends the oracle to a separate ZK rollup using Miden's client-side proving model. Deprecated products include Pragma VRF, the Optimistic Oracle, and Merkle Feeds.
Differentiator
Problem solved
Functional benefit
Products and services
- Pragma Oracle (Core) Core on-chain oracle infrastructure providing open and permissionless access to off-chain data for smart contracts on Starknet. Uses STARK proofs to ensure data correctness with on-chain aggregation at the smart contract level; raw data is pushed on-chain directly by whitelisted publishers with no off-chain intermediary.
- Pragma Node API REST and WebSocket API providing real-time and historical price feeds, funding rates, open interest, and on-chain oracle data. Offers sub-second latency via Lightspeed endpoint, cryptographic verification via Starkex endpoint, SSE-based multi-streaming, and candlestick aggregation. Requires API key authentication via private beta.
- Computational Feeds Advanced on-chain data calculations built natively on Starknet including TWAP (time-weighted average price), realized volatility feeds, and yield curve oracle. Runs entirely on-chain using verifiable computation to unlock next-generation DeFi protocols.
- Price Feeds Verifiable and transparent price feeds for crypto assets (BTC, ETH, STRK, SOL, LINK, DOGE, UNI, AAVE, SUI), FX, metals (XAU, XAG), indices, and energy commodities. Supports multiple aggregation methods (median, TWAP, volume-weighted) and on-chain submission with complete transparency of publisher data.
- Pragma Miden Native oracle implementation for the Miden ZK rollup. Publishers write prices via self-transactions to their own accounts; oracle aggregates using Foreign Procedure Invocation (FPI) at query time with no off-chain intermediary.
- Pragma VRF On-chain verifiable randomness using Curve25519-based Verifiable Random Function with Elligator2 hashing. Enabled provably fair and unmanipulable random number generation for gaming, dice, and other use cases. Deprecated; team now recommends Cartridge VRF.
- Pragma Optimistic Oracle Optimistic oracle for asserting and verifying binary outcomes and alternative data on-chain on Starknet via optimistic mechanism with dispute resolution. Deprecated; custom solutions offered upon request.
- Merkle Feeds Pull oracle model using Merkle tree proofs for accessing complex financial instruments (e.g., option prices from Deribit) on Starknet with minimized gas costs via off-chain Merkle proof retrieval. Deprecated.
Quantifiable outcome
- 200ms oracle latency while maintaining provability of data feeds
- +3 more outcomes
Companies that use Pragma
Customer profileNamed customers14 records
Segments5 records
Ideal customer profiles4 records
Pragma technology and API
TechnologyTechnology focussed Yes
API detail
- Has API
- Yes
- API docs
- API detail
Core technology
AI maturity
App detail
Integration2 records
AI capability1 record
Feature8 records
Pragma partnerships and signals
Strategic signalPartnerships
Eleven partnerships are on record, tiered flagship and core.
- StarkWareflagshipStarkWare is a co-investor in and strategic supporter of Pragma. StarkWare CEO Uri Kolodny publicly endorsed Pragma as 'one of the leading protocols on StarkNet' and expressed excitement about Pragma leveraging zk-technology for decentralized data feeds. StarkWare provides ecosystem support and co-marketing within the Starknet community.
- Starknet FoundationflagshipThe Starknet Foundation selected Pragma as the exclusive oracle provider for the STRK token gas price feed. Pragma built a customized API solution for Starknet's sequencer, enabling users to pay gas fees in STRK. This is the first production use case of the Pragma API.
- FourleafcoreFourleaf indexes prices from both on-chain and off-chain sources, aggregating multiple sources into a single consolidated price, serving as a first-party data publisher for Pragma's oracle network.
- AvnucoreAvnu is a prominent solver entity that monitors on-chain activities and consolidates mid-prices of assets traded on-chain, serving as a first-party data publisher for Pragma.
- PropellerHeadscorePropellerHeads is a solver entity that monitors blockchain state and liquidity across pools to consolidate mid-prices for on-chain traded assets, providing data to Pragma.
- FlowdeskcoreFlowdesk is a market maker that quotes prices across several exchanges and stays informed of the latest traded prices of assets, providing on-chain/off-chain price arbitrage data to Pragma as a first-party publisher.
- Skynet TradingcoreSkynet Trading is a market maker providing latest traded price data across multiple exchanges with on-chain/off-chain arbitrage benefits, serving as a first-party data publisher for Pragma.
- DOPPcorePragma collaborated with DOPP (Decentralized Options Pricing Protocol) to introduce Merkle Feeds, a new product for efficient on-demand oracle data for option prices.
- ZelliccoreZellic audited Pragma's Cairo 0 smart contracts. Audit report published on GitHub.
- Nethermind SecuritycoreNethermind Security audited Pragma's Cairo 1 smart contracts (report: NM0147-FINAL_PRAGMA.pdf).
- ImmuneficoreImmunefi hosts Pragma's bug bounty program offering up to $50,000 for discovering vulnerabilities in smart contracts. This is an open, permissionless bounty program for white-hat hackers.
Scale indicators4 records
Recent moves6 records
Expansion highlights6 records
Pragma competitors and assessment
Company assessmentDirect peers
- Band Protocol: Cross-chain data oracle platform aggregating and connecting real-world data to smart contracts; similar DeFi protocol focus and multi-chain expansion strategy.
- Pyth Network: First-party financial oracle aggregating price data directly from market makers and exchanges; comparable business model to Pragma's first-party publisher network and increasingly multi-chain.
- API3: Oracle solution using first-party data sources via Airnode; comparable approach of connecting APIs directly without intermediary aggregation, targeting similar DeFi integrations.
- Redstone Oracles: Multi-chain oracle network providing modular data feeds; directly competes with Pragma on Starknet and other L2s with similar price feed offerings and DeFi integrations.
- Supra Oracles: Multi-chain oracle network providing price feeds, VRF, and computational data; comparable product breadth including randomness and advanced DeFi feeds.
- DIA (Decentralized Information Asset): Cross-chain oracle platform offering price feeds and computational data; comparable multi-source aggregation approach targeting DeFi protocols across ecosystems.
- Tellor: Decentralized oracle protocol using a dispute mechanism; similar architecture with crypto-economic security model and price feed focus on DeFi protocols.
Broad incumbents
- Chainlink: The largest decentralized oracle network; broad incumbent with deep multi-chain coverage including Starknet support, posing the most significant competitive threat via brand and scale advantages.
Emerging players
- Stork Network: Low-latency oracle network focused on Starknet and other L2s; emerging player with overlapping product positioning and competition for protocol integrations.
- Witnet: Decentralized oracle network using cryptographic attestations; emerging player with similar trust-minimized design philosophy comparable to Pragma's STARK-proof approach.
Market position
Strengths5 records
Weaknesses5 records
Competitive moat6 records
Key risks6 records
Key highlights7 records
Customer concentration
Pragma social profiles
Digital presencePragma compliance and trust
Trust signalCompliance3 records
Pragma financial estimates
Financial estimateRevenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Pragma leadership team
Management profileNumber of profiles
Profiles1 record
Pragma funding detail
Funding detailFunding overview
Funding rounds
Investors
Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Pragma M&A and investment
M&A and investmentM&A
Investments
M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Frequently asked questions about Pragma
What does Pragma do?
Pragma is an open and permissionless zk-STARK-based oracle protocol providing verifiable, composable, and transparent data feeds for smart contracts on Starknet and Miden. The core product is an on-chain oracle that pushes raw data directly from whitelisted publishers, aggregates at the smart contract level, and uses STARK proofs to eliminate trust assumptions. The company also offers an off-chain Pragma Node API (REST, WebSocket, SSE) for low-latency data access and Computational Feeds (TWAP, volatility, yield curves) for advanced on-chain financial calculations.
Is Pragma a public or private company?
Pragma is a private company. It is classified as unknown and is currently operating.
When was Pragma founded?
Pragma was founded in 2023. It employs 1 to 10 people.
Where is Pragma based?
Pragma is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, in the Europe region.
How does Pragma make money?
Two revenue lines are on record. Oracle Data Feed Access are the primary driver. The others are pragma Token Utility.
Who are Pragma's main competitors?
Direct peers on record are Band Protocol, Pyth Network, API3, Redstone Oracles, Supra Oracles, DIA (Decentralized Information Asset) and Tellor. Chainlink is listed as a broad incumbent. Emerging players are Stork Network and Witnet.
Does Pragma have an API?
Yes. Pragma Node API offering REST, WebSocket (Starkex, Lightspeed, Candlestick), and SSE endpoints for real-time and historical price data, funding rates, open interest, and on-chain oracle data. Available via Development (https://api.devnet.pragma.build/node/v1) and Production (https://api.production.pragma.build/node/v1) endpoints. Requires API key authentication (X-API-KEY header) via private beta — contact via Twitter or Telegram. WebSocket endpoints are currently public and open without authentication. SDK examples provided in JavaScript, Python, and Rust. Rate limits: 256 KB/s per IP for WebSocket; flexible beta rate limits with tiered plans for production. Developer documentation is at docs.pragma.build/api-reference/introduction.
What industry is Pragma in?
Pragma's product category is Blockchain Oracle Infrastructure. Its primary akta.pro industry code is FSAPABAE, Oracle Networks & Off-Chain Data (price feeds, randomness, attestation), with a secondary code of FSAPABAA, Smart Contract Execution Environments (EVM/WASM, runtimes, precompiles). Its NAICS code is 513210 and its SIC code is 7370.