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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

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Namestring
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
Legal namestring
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
Websiteurl
osce.org
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
1975
Descriptiontext

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest regional security organization, structured as an intergovernmental body under public international law with 57 participating States spanning Europe, Central Asia, and North America ("Vancouver to Vladivostok"). Founded as the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) in 1973 and renamed OSCE in 1995 after the Helsinki Final Act, it operates a comprehensive security model across three dimensions: politico-military, economic and environmental, and human. Its core activities — delivered through the Secretariat in Vienna, three institutions (ODIHR in Warsaw, the High Commissioner on National Minorities, and the Representative on Freedom of the Media), and 14 field operations across Southeastern Europe and Central Asia — include election observation (e.g., 14 elections observed in Ukraine), human rights monitoring (700+ documented testimonies, 8 public reports on Ukraine since February 2022), conflict prevention, border management, counter-terrorism, anti-trafficking (26th annual Alliance Conference held April 2026), gender equality programming, cyber/ICT security conferences, and media freedom advocacy.

OSCE does not sell commercial products but operates a portfolio of programmatic services and knowledge platforms. Notable technical/knowledge assets include the ODIHR E-Learning Platforms (FreedomLab, observer e-learning, security courses), the ODIHR Election Expert Database, Electoral Recommendations Database, Legislationline (covering legislation of 57 participating States), the Hate Crime Reporting platform, and a Gender audit tool for political parties. Detection, reporting, and convening are delivered via the field-mission footprint and an annual cadence of conferences (gender equality, cyber/ICT, media, anti-trafficking, Asian and Mediterranean partnerships).

The business model is fundamentally non-commercial: OSCE is funded through assessed contributions from its 57 participating States under a consensus-based governance model, with a 2026 joint operational budget of approximately €15 million agreed under the Swiss Chairpersonship after a five-year deadlock. Decisions require consensus among participating States; Switzerland holds the rotating 2026 Chair. Strategic partners include NATO, the European Union, the Council of Europe, and the United Nations; programmatic implementation partners include the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, PeaceNexus, and International Justice Mission. Customer constituents are governments, civil society, and youth across the 57-state region — not commercial buyers.

Short descriptiontext

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an intergovernmental security body of 57 participating States spanning Vancouver to Vladivostok, delivering election observation, human rights monitoring, conflict prevention, anti-trafficking, and media freedom programs through its Vienna Secretariat, three institutions, and 14 field operations, funded by assessed member-state contributions.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
Headcount rangeband
1,001–5,000
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersVienna, Austria
HQ citystring
Vienna
HQ countrystring
Austria
HQ regionstring
Europe
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices14 records

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
international security cooperation, conflict prevention mediation, human rights monitoring, election observation services, arms control verification
Product category
International Security Cooperation
Social media profiles5 records
Marketing channels8 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels1 record

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

GTM typeB2B
B2B
Offering typeServices
Services
Core offering1 text field

No core offering description was evidenced in the supplied source material.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Quantifiable outcome1 of 4 values shown
  • 14 elections observed in Ukraine
+3 more records
Product overview1 text field

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest regional security organization with 57 participating States. It does not offer commercial products but operates a portfolio of security programs, institutional services, and knowledge platforms. Key offerings include the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) providing election observation and human rights monitoring; regular conferences on gender equality, cyber/ICT security, media freedom, and trafficking in persons; and e-learning platforms and knowledge databases (ODIHR Election Expert Database, Legislationline, Hate Crime Reporting platform) supporting democratic governance across the OSCE region.

Scale indicator5 records

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Partnership7 partners
Strategic tierMinorTypeStrategic or Co-development PartnerAnnounced on2026-06-22
Description

Joint organizer of the Young Peacebuilders Cross-Border Initiative under the Fergana Peace Process, bringing together 30 young participants from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

Strategic tierMinorTypeStrategic or Co-development PartnerAnnounced on2026-06-22
Description

Partner organization in the Young Peacebuilders initiative supporting cross-border dialogue and cooperation across the Fergana Valley.

Strategic tierMinorTypeStrategic or Co-development PartnerAnnounced on2025-11-01
Description

Co-organized international anti-trafficking training with OSCE, bringing together 50 anti-trafficking practitioners from several European countries to improve cross-border cooperation against human trafficking networks.

4NATO
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

OSCE maintains formal partnership with NATO as one of its key international partners for security cooperation. NATO is listed under the Partnerships section of OSCE's official website.

osce.org
5The Council of Europe
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Formal partnership with the Council of Europe for human rights and democratic institution support across the OSCE region.

osce.org
6The European Union
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

The EU is a key partner of OSCE for promoting stability, democracy and human rights across Europe and beyond.

osce.org
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

OSCE collaborates with the UN on various security, peacekeeping and humanitarian initiatives including joint programs with UNRCCA.

Recent move6 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight5 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers10 records
1Inter-Parliamentary Union
TypeEmerging player
Description

The IPU is a comparable intergovernmental parliamentary organization with assessed contributions from member states, focused on democracy, human rights, and gender equality — a thematic overlap with OSCE's human dimension work.

TypeDirect peer
Description

The African Union is the most direct structural analog to OSCE: a regional intergovernmental organization with a peace and security council, field missions, election observation, and member-state assessed funding across a continent.

TypeDirect peer
Description

The Council of Europe is a regional intergovernmental organization with overlapping human rights, democracy, and rule-of-law mandates in Europe, and is a formal OSCE partner; both compete and collaborate on election observation and human rights monitoring.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

The UN is the global intergovernmental body with overlapping mandates on peace, security, human rights, and election observation, and a formal partnership with OSCE; comparable as a multilateral forum with assessed contributions from member states.

5Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
TypeDirect peer
Description

The SCO is a regional intergovernmental security-focused organization covering Central Asia and beyond, comparable in geographic scope to OSCE's Central Asian footprint and similarly constrained by great-power politics among members.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

The EU is a regional intergovernmental body with deep resources and overlapping mandates on democracy, human rights, rule of law, and external action; a key OSCE partner that increasingly sets standards in OSCE overlapping regions.

TypeEmerging player
Description

The IOM is a related intergovernmental organization that partners with OSCE on migration, border management, and anti-trafficking, with a similar intergovernmental funding and field-presence model.

8NATO
TypeBroad incumbent
Description

NATO is a regional security alliance with formal OSCE partnership and overlapping focus on Euro-Atlantic security, conflict prevention, and partnerships, but with a fundamentally different (military alliance) governance model.

9Commonwealth of Independent States
TypeRegional player
Description

The CIS is a regional intergovernmental body overlapping heavily with the OSCE area (especially post-Soviet states) and sharing the inclusive multilateralism and consensus decision-making model, though focused on a narrower set of states.

TypeRegional player
Description

ASEAN is a regional intergovernmental cooperation organization with a similar consensus-based, non-interference model and comparable focus on political-security community-building, useful as a governance analog though in a different geography.

Market position
Strengths5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Weaknesses5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat4 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks6 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights7 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Named customers5 records

Each record includes

Name, Industry, Type, Use case, Source, UUID

Segment1 record

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Technology focused
No
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Subsidiaries15 records

Each record includes

Name, Acquired on, Relationship type, Type, Business focus

No data
Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

International Security Cooperationosce.org

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an intergovernmental security body of 57 participating States spanning Vancouver to Vladivostok, delivering election observation, human rights monitoring, conflict prevention, anti-trafficking, and media freedom programs through its Vienna Secretariat, three institutions, and 14 field operations, funded by assessed member-state contributions.

What Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe does

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest regional security organization, structured as an intergovernmental body under public international law with 57 participating States spanning Europe, Central Asia, and North America ("Vancouver to Vladivostok"). Founded as the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) in 1973 and renamed OSCE in 1995 after the Helsinki Final Act, it operates a comprehensive security model across three dimensions: politico-military, economic and environmental, and human. Its core activities — delivered through the Secretariat in Vienna, three institutions (ODIHR in Warsaw, the High Commissioner on National Minorities, and the Representative on Freedom of the Media), and 14 field operations across Southeastern Europe and Central Asia — include election observation (e.g., 14 elections observed in Ukraine), human rights monitoring (700+ documented testimonies, 8 public reports on Ukraine since February 2022), conflict prevention, border management, counter-terrorism, anti-trafficking (26th annual Alliance Conference held April 2026), gender equality programming, cyber/ICT security conferences, and media freedom advocacy.

OSCE does not sell commercial products but operates a portfolio of programmatic services and knowledge platforms. Notable technical/knowledge assets include the ODIHR E-Learning Platforms (FreedomLab, observer e-learning, security courses), the ODIHR Election Expert Database, Electoral Recommendations Database, Legislationline (covering legislation of 57 participating States), the Hate Crime Reporting platform, and a Gender audit tool for political parties. Detection, reporting, and convening are delivered via the field-mission footprint and an annual cadence of conferences (gender equality, cyber/ICT, media, anti-trafficking, Asian and Mediterranean partnerships).

The business model is fundamentally non-commercial: OSCE is funded through assessed contributions from its 57 participating States under a consensus-based governance model, with a 2026 joint operational budget of approximately €15 million agreed under the Swiss Chairpersonship after a five-year deadlock. Decisions require consensus among participating States; Switzerland holds the rotating 2026 Chair. Strategic partners include NATO, the European Union, the Council of Europe, and the United Nations; programmatic implementation partners include the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, PeaceNexus, and International Justice Mission. Customer constituents are governments, civil society, and youth across the 57-state region — not commercial buyers.

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe firmographics

Firmographics
Name
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
Legal name
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
Website
https://osce.org
Company type
Private
Founded year
1975
Operating status
Operating
Headcount range
1,001–5,000 employees
Short description
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an intergovernmental security body of 57 participating States spanning Vancouver to Vladivostok, delivering election observation, human rights monitoring, conflict prevention, anti-trafficking, and media freedom programs through its Vienna Secretariat, three institutions, and 14 field operations, funded by assessed member-state contributions.
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

Where Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
Vienna
HQ country
Austria
HQ region
Europe

Offices14 records

Markets served

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe business model

Business model
GTM type
B2B
Offering type
Services

Distribution channels1 record

Marketing channels8 records

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe product offering

Product offering

Core offering

No core offering description was evidenced in the supplied source material.

Product overview

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest regional security organization with 57 participating States. It does not offer commercial products but operates a portfolio of security programs, institutional services, and knowledge platforms. Key offerings include the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) providing election observation and human rights monitoring; regular conferences on gender equality, cyber/ICT security, media freedom, and trafficking in persons; and e-learning platforms and knowledge databases (ODIHR Election Expert Database, Legislationline, Hate Crime Reporting platform) supporting democratic governance across the OSCE region.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Quantifiable outcome

  • 14 elections observed in Ukraine
  • +3 more outcomes

Companies that use Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Customer profile

Named customers5 records

Segments1 record

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Partnerships

Seven partnerships are on record, tiered minor and core.

  • Centre for Humanitarian DialogueminorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 22 June 2026Joint organizer of the Young Peacebuilders Cross-Border Initiative under the Fergana Peace Process, bringing together 30 young participants from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
  • PeaceNexusminorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 22 June 2026Partner organization in the Young Peacebuilders initiative supporting cross-border dialogue and cooperation across the Fergana Valley.
  • International Justice MissionminorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 November 2025Co-organized international anti-trafficking training with OSCE, bringing together 50 anti-trafficking practitioners from several European countries to improve cross-border cooperation against human trafficking networks.
  • NATOcoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerOSCE maintains formal partnership with NATO as one of its key international partners for security cooperation. NATO is listed under the Partnerships section of OSCE's official website.
  • The Council of EuropecoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerFormal partnership with the Council of Europe for human rights and democratic institution support across the OSCE region.
  • The European UnioncoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerThe EU is a key partner of OSCE for promoting stability, democracy and human rights across Europe and beyond.
  • United NationscoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerOSCE collaborates with the UN on various security, peacekeeping and humanitarian initiatives including joint programs with UNRCCA.

Scale indicators5 records

Recent moves6 records

Expansion highlights5 records

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Emerging players

  • Inter-Parliamentary Union: The IPU is a comparable intergovernmental parliamentary organization with assessed contributions from member states, focused on democracy, human rights, and gender equality — a thematic overlap with OSCE's human dimension work.
  • International Organization for Migration: The IOM is a related intergovernmental organization that partners with OSCE on migration, border management, and anti-trafficking, with a similar intergovernmental funding and field-presence model.

Direct peers

  • African Union: The African Union is the most direct structural analog to OSCE: a regional intergovernmental organization with a peace and security council, field missions, election observation, and member-state assessed funding across a continent.
  • Council of Europe: The Council of Europe is a regional intergovernmental organization with overlapping human rights, democracy, and rule-of-law mandates in Europe, and is a formal OSCE partner; both compete and collaborate on election observation and human rights monitoring.
  • Shanghai Cooperation Organisation: The SCO is a regional intergovernmental security-focused organization covering Central Asia and beyond, comparable in geographic scope to OSCE's Central Asian footprint and similarly constrained by great-power politics among members.

Broad incumbents

  • United Nations: The UN is the global intergovernmental body with overlapping mandates on peace, security, human rights, and election observation, and a formal partnership with OSCE; comparable as a multilateral forum with assessed contributions from member states.
  • European Union: The EU is a regional intergovernmental body with deep resources and overlapping mandates on democracy, human rights, rule of law, and external action; a key OSCE partner that increasingly sets standards in OSCE overlapping regions.
  • NATO: NATO is a regional security alliance with formal OSCE partnership and overlapping focus on Euro-Atlantic security, conflict prevention, and partnerships, but with a fundamentally different (military alliance) governance model.

Regional players

  • Commonwealth of Independent States: The CIS is a regional intergovernmental body overlapping heavily with the OSCE area (especially post-Soviet states) and sharing the inclusive multilateralism and consensus decision-making model, though focused on a narrower set of states.
  • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): ASEAN is a regional intergovernmental cooperation organization with a similar consensus-based, non-interference model and comparable focus on political-security community-building, useful as a governance analog though in a different geography.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat4 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe social profiles

Digital presence

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe subsidiaries and ownership

Company hierarchy

Subsidiaries15 records

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

What does Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe do?

No core offering description was evidenced in the supplied source material.

Is Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe a public or private company?

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe is a private company. It is classified as unknown and is currently operating.

When was Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe founded?

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe was founded in 1975. It employs 1,001 to 5,000 people.

Where is Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe based?

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe is headquartered in Vienna, Austria, in the Europe region.

Who are Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe's main competitors?

Emerging players on record are Inter-Parliamentary Union and International Organization for Migration. Direct peers are African Union, Council of Europe and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Broad incumbents are United Nations, European Union and NATO. Regional players are Commonwealth of Independent States and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).

Does Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe have an API?

No public API is recorded for Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

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Live signals
Atlanta Journal-ConstitutionKazakhstan's pro-government party wins parliamentary election, boosting president's grip on powerKazakhstan's pro-government Adilet Party secured a landslide victory in the parliamentary elections held on August 23, 2026, winning 71% of the vote according to preliminary results. This outcome is expected to significantly strengthen President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev's political control over the nation. Election monitors from the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe noted that the election lacked distinct political opposition as all parties supported the incumbent president.TrendTurkmenistan, OSCE discuss environmental security in Caspian regionTurkmenistan and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) discussed environmental security and cooperation in the Caspian region during a meeting on August 13. The meeting highlighted the importance of collaboration on environmental protection, particularly as changes in the Caspian Sea's physical conditions are impacting economic infrastructure. The ongoing environmental concerns have prompted discussions on regulatory frameworks, particularly for major projects affecting the region's economy.Mirage NewsOSCE Boosts Anti-Smuggling Efforts at Turkmen AirportsThe OSCE Centre in Ashgabat and the Turkish International Academy against Smuggling and Organized Crime (TADOC) jointly organized a training course on risk analysis and anti-smuggling techniques at airports in Turkmenistan from 3 to 7 August 2026. Representatives from Turkmenistan's Transport Police, State Frontier Service, State Customs Service, and Aviation Security Service participated in the course, which covered passenger profiling, interview techniques, document examination, and drug concealment recognition, including a practical exercise at Ashgabat International Airport. The training represents implementation of the Tirana Declaration's commitments on strengthening international cooperation in countering transnational organized crime.Mirage NewsOSCE Backs Enhanced Governance for Female Migrants in UzbekistanThe OSCE facilitated a seminar in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, to improve governance and support for female labor migrants returning home. The event discussed challenges faced by women migrants and strategies for their economic reintegration, including training in in-demand skills and financial literacy.Mirage NewsOSCE Boosts Training for Domestic Violence Experts in TajikistanThe OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe organized a three-day training workshop from August 4 to 6, 2026, for professionals involved in implementing Tajikistan's law on domestic violence prevention. The event aimed to enhance the capacity of specialists from various government and civil society organizations to improve responses to domestic violence.Mirage NewsOSCE Aids Moldova in Equality Guide for TextbooksThe OSCE Mission to Moldova co-organized two rounds of consultations in July 2026 with Moldova's Ministry of Education and Research to develop a practical guide for integrating equality and human rights standards into school textbooks. Over 50 education professionals and human rights experts participated in discussions addressing gender equality, countering hate speech, disability inclusion, and protections for ethnic and religious minorities. The initiative is part of a broader OSCE project aimed at promoting inclusive education and human rights in Moldova.TrendOSCE may enter new phase in Azerbaijan as mine threat becomes practical testAzerbaijan is calling on the OSCE to transition from political statements to concrete humanitarian demining projects in its post-conflict territories, with Foreign Minister Jeyhun Bayramov making this appeal during a visit by Swiss Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis, who serves as OSCE Chairperson-in-Office. Since the 2020 Patriotic War, 433 people have been affected by landmine explosions, with Armenia having planted over one million mines across Azerbaijani territories and preliminary damage estimates exceeding $150 billion. Azerbaijan's demining agency ANAMA has cleared over 287,000 hectares and neutralized more than 255,000 mines and unexploded ordnance as of mid-July, but the scale of contamination remains enormous, prompting calls for OSCE member states to provide technology, financing, and expert resources.TrendAzerbaijan expects OSCE's boosting engagement in mine clearance process - ministerAzerbaijani Foreign Minister Jeyhun Bayramov met with OSCE Chairperson-in-Office Ignazio Cassis in Baku on August 4, calling on the OSCE to increase its engagement in mine clearance operations in Azerbaijan's liberated territories. The minister reported that 433 people have been killed or injured by mine explosions since the 2020 Second Karabakh War, with Azerbaijan bearing the primary burden of clearance work through ANAMA, the Ministry of Defense, and the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Azerbaijan has repeatedly raised this issue at OSCE platforms in Vienna, emphasizing the need for international support to ensure safe returns for internally displaced persons and to develop the region.Mirage NewsOSCE, EU Address Srebrenica Memorial Staff QuestioningThe OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina and the European Union in Bosnia and Herzegovina issued a joint statement expressing concern about the questioning of individuals professionally engaged with the Srebrenica Memorial Centre. The organizations emphasized the importance of judicial institutions ensuring timely, transparent, and accurate public communication in matters of significant public interest. They reaffirmed the vital role of the Srebrenica Memorial Centre in preserving the memory of victims of the 1995 genocide and countering genocide denial.TASSOver 50 CIS, CSTO observers to monitor parliamentary polls in KazakhstanKazakhstan's Central Election Commission has accredited 155 international observers from nine countries and four international organizations, including 22 from the CIS mission, 23 from the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly, 6 from the CSTO Parliamentary Assembly, and 86 from the OSCE, to monitor the country's parliamentary elections scheduled for August 23. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev signed a decree on July 1 scheduling the elections to coincide with the effective date of Kazakhstan's new constitution, which replaced the bicameral legislature with a 145-seat unicameral parliament called the Kurultai. Over 12.6 million Kazakh nationals are eligible to vote, with seven political parties competing for seats.