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全国妇联

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Namestring
全国妇联
Legal namestring
中华全国妇女联合会 (All-China Women's Federation)
Websiteurl
women.org.cn
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
1949
Descriptiontext

The All-China Women's Federation (中华全国妇女联合会, ACWF) is a national mass organization founded in 1949 under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, serving as the official institutional bridge between the Party-state and Chinese women and families. Its mandate covers women's rights protection, gender equality promotion, family welfare, children's development, and grassroots community services, executed through a hierarchical network spanning 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government, plus the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, with cascading branches down to the village level.

The federation's primary digital asset is the China Women's Website (cnwomen.com.cn / women.org.cn), operated by China Women's Daily (中国妇女报社), which functions as a news and government-affairs service portal rather than a commercial product. The platform aggregates news (federation updates, opinions, family, rights, careers, female protagonists, culture/entertainment), provides service entry points including the 12338 rights protection hotline (维权热线), matchmaking services (婚恋学堂), housekeeping service referrals (家政服务), and the Love Mama volunteer platform (爱心妈妈驿站), and runs thematic "Working Zones" such as women's ideological guidance, the 家家幸福安康工程 family program, entrepreneurship and innovation, and the Sanba Red Banner Holder recognition program. Underlying technology is described as a digital media platform and content management system serving women's organizations nationwide, with no disclosed proprietary AI, API, or SDK layer.

The ACWF does not operate a commercial revenue model. Funding flows from government and institutional sources, all services are free to the public, and pricing is not applicable. The federation's organizational ecosystem includes wholly-owned affiliated entities covering media (China Women's Daily, China Women Magazine), publishing (China Women's Publishing House), higher education (China Women's University), research (Women's Studies Institute), museums (China Women and Children Museum), and philanthropy (China Women's Development Foundation, China Children and Teenagers' Foundation).

Short descriptiontext

The All-China Women's Federation (全国妇联) is a national mass organization under the Communist Party of China, founded in 1949, that promotes women's rights, gender equality, family welfare, and children's development through a nationwide network of provincial-to-village federations, an official news portal (cnwomen.com.cn), affiliated media, education, and research institutions, all funded by government and provided free to the public.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
Headcount rangeband
1–10
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersBeijing, China
HQ citystring
Beijing
HQ countrystring
China
HQ regionstring
Asia
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices2 records

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
women's rights advocacy, family welfare services, gender equality promotion, women's federation network, marriage and family guidance
Industry3 codes
1Gender Equality & Women’s Rights Advocacy
CodeBPAGAFADPrimaryYes
2Gender Equality & Women’s Empowerment
CodeBPAGABAFPrimaryNo
3Sexual & Reproductive Health & Family Planning (SRH/FP) Programs
CodeBPADAIADPrimaryNo
NAICS code2 codes
  • Business Associations81391
  • Civic and Social Organizations8134
SIC code1 code
  • Services-Membership Organizations8600
Product category
Women's Social Welfare and Advocacy Services
GTM motion1 record

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

Revenue model1 record
1Government Funding
TypeLicensing Royalties
Description

As a mass organization under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the All-China Women's Federation operates primarily through government funding and institutional support rather than commercial revenue generation.

women.org.cn
Marketing channels5 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels4 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

Cost components4 values
Personnel, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Others
GTM typeB2C
B2C
Offering typeServices
Services
Brand1 of 6 records shown
1中国婚恋网
Description

婚恋服务平台

women.org.cn
+5 more records
Core offering1 text field

The All-China Women's Federation is a people's mass organization under the Communist Party of China that represents and safeguards the legitimate rights and interests of women, promotes gender equality, and advances family welfare nationwide. Its core deliverables are content, advocacy, and public-interest services distributed through the China Women Website (中国妇女网 / cnwomen.com.cn), including policy news, women's rights protection channels, family and marriage guidance content, and branded initiatives such as the March 8 Red-Banner Holder program and family happiness projects.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Product overview1 text field

全国妇联(中国妇女网)运营的是一个新闻资讯与政务服务综合平台,而非商业化产品/服务提供商。平台主要提供新闻资讯发布(涵盖妇联动态、观点、家庭、权益、职场、女主角、文娱等栏目)、政务服务导览(维权热线、婚恋学堂、家政服务、爱心妈妈驿站等服务入口)以及专题活动报道(如大国筑梦、创业创新、三八红旗手等工作专区专题)。各栏目/专区为内容分类模块,非独立产品化服务。

Product and service3 records
1China Women Website (中国妇女网 / cnwomen.com.cn)
CategoryDigital media and information services
Description

Official nationwide online portal publishing news, policy commentary, and authoritative information on women's affairs, gender equality, and family welfare for women and the general public in China.

2Women's Rights Protection Hotline (维权热线 12338)
CategoryRights protection and legal aid referral services
Description

National hotline and rights-protection service channel that connects women in China with legal aid referrals and support for discrimination, domestic, and other rights-related issues.

3National Federation Network of 32 Provincial-Level Federations
CategoryOrganizational service delivery network
Description

Administrative network of provincial-level women's federations and subordinate local bodies that deliver women's affairs and family welfare services at the community level across China.

Scale indicator2 records

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Partnership10 partners
1国务院妇女儿童工作委员会 (State Council Women and Children Working Committee)
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Close institutional partnership with the State Council's Women and Children Working Committee for policy coordination and implementation on women's and children's affairs.

women.org.cn
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Affiliated media organization publishing the China Women magazine and related publications.

Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Publishing arm of the women's federation system for books and educational materials on women's issues and family topics.

4中华女子学院 (China Women's University)
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Higher education institution under the women's federation providing academic programs and research on women's studies.

women.org.cn
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Foundation under the federation focused on women's development and welfare programs.

Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Foundation focused on children's welfare and development programs.

7中国妇女儿童博物馆 (China Women and Children Museum)
Strategic tierMinorTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Museum showcasing the history and achievements of women and children in China.

women.org.cn
Strategic tierMinorTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

National center for children's education and development activities.

9妇女研究所 (Women's Studies Institute)
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Research institute conducting studies on women's issues and gender equality.

women.org.cn
10全国妇联社会联络与交流合作中心 (ACWF Social Liaison and Exchange Center)
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

International exchange and cooperation center for the women's federation system.

women.org.cn
Recent move4 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight2 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers10 records
TypeBroad incumbent
Description

UN agency focused on reproductive health, family planning, and gender equality programs globally. Comparable as it operates in adjacent women's welfare and family planning program delivery, with similar multi-country programmatic structure.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Largest feminist advocacy organization in the United States, focused on women's rights, gender equality, and policy reform. Comparable as a national-level women's rights advocacy organization with grassroots network and policy influence ambitions.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

UN entity dedicated to gender equality and women's empowerment globally. Comparable as the international counterpart operating in the same gender-equality advocacy and policy space, with broader global reach but similar advocacy mandate.

TypeEmerging player
Description

International human rights organization working to end violence and discrimination against women and girls through legal advocacy. Comparable as a women's rights advocacy organization with international programmatic focus on legal protection.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Global membership organization advancing women's leadership across sectors and countries. Comparable as a membership-based women's organization with international reach, networking, and policy advocacy components.

TypeEmerging player
Description

Global organization advancing women's leadership in health and engaging influential leaders in gender equity. Comparable as a women's empowerment and leadership organization operating through programs and convenings, though focused specifically on the health sector.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Nonprofit supporting women survivors of war and conflict through economic and social empowerment programs. Comparable as a women's empowerment and advocacy organization delivering services and programs across multiple geographies.

8Women's Federation of Russia (Союз женщин России)
TypeRegional player
Description

Russian women's union focused on gender equality, family values, and women's social protection. Comparable as a successor national women's federation with similar socialist-era institutional heritage, mass-organization structure, and state-aligned advocacy role.

TypeDirect peer
Description

One of the oldest national women's organizations in India, focused on women's empowerment, education, and welfare through a network of branches. Comparable as a national women's mass organization with grassroots reach, institutional programs, and advocacy mandate.

10National Council of Women of the United States
TypeDirect peer
Description

Federated umbrella organization for U.S. women's associations, focused on equality, education, and welfare. Comparable as a federation of women's associations operating at national scale with advocacy and member-service functions.

Market position
Strengths5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Weaknesses5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat4 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights7 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Named customers1 record

Each record includes

Name, Industry, Type, Use case, Source, UUID

Segment1 record

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Ideal customer profile1 record

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
No
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Subsidiaries11 records

Each record includes

Name, Acquired on, Relationship type, Type, Business focus

No data
Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

全国妇联

Women's Social Welfare and Advocacy Serviceswomen.org.cn

The All-China Women's Federation (全国妇联) is a national mass organization under the Communist Party of China, founded in 1949, that promotes women's rights, gender equality, family welfare, and children's development through a nationwide network of provincial-to-village federations, an official news portal (cnwomen.com.cn), affiliated media, education, and research institutions, all funded by government and provided free to the public.

What 全国妇联 does

The All-China Women's Federation (中华全国妇女联合会, ACWF) is a national mass organization founded in 1949 under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, serving as the official institutional bridge between the Party-state and Chinese women and families. Its mandate covers women's rights protection, gender equality promotion, family welfare, children's development, and grassroots community services, executed through a hierarchical network spanning 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government, plus the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, with cascading branches down to the village level.

The federation's primary digital asset is the China Women's Website (cnwomen.com.cn / women.org.cn), operated by China Women's Daily (中国妇女报社), which functions as a news and government-affairs service portal rather than a commercial product. The platform aggregates news (federation updates, opinions, family, rights, careers, female protagonists, culture/entertainment), provides service entry points including the 12338 rights protection hotline (维权热线), matchmaking services (婚恋学堂), housekeeping service referrals (家政服务), and the Love Mama volunteer platform (爱心妈妈驿站), and runs thematic "Working Zones" such as women's ideological guidance, the 家家幸福安康工程 family program, entrepreneurship and innovation, and the Sanba Red Banner Holder recognition program. Underlying technology is described as a digital media platform and content management system serving women's organizations nationwide, with no disclosed proprietary AI, API, or SDK layer.

The ACWF does not operate a commercial revenue model. Funding flows from government and institutional sources, all services are free to the public, and pricing is not applicable. The federation's organizational ecosystem includes wholly-owned affiliated entities covering media (China Women's Daily, China Women Magazine), publishing (China Women's Publishing House), higher education (China Women's University), research (Women's Studies Institute), museums (China Women and Children Museum), and philanthropy (China Women's Development Foundation, China Children and Teenagers' Foundation).

全国妇联 firmographics

Firmographics
Name
全国妇联
Legal name
中华全国妇女联合会 (All-China Women's Federation)
Website
https://women.org.cn
Company type
Private
Founded year
1949
Operating status
Operating
Headcount range
1–10 employees
Short description
The All-China Women's Federation (全国妇联) is a national mass organization under the Communist Party of China, founded in 1949, that promotes women's rights, gender equality, family welfare, and children's development through a nationwide network of provincial-to-village federations, an official news portal (cnwomen.com.cn), affiliated media, education, and research institutions, all funded by government and provided free to the public.
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

全国妇联 industry classification

Industry
Product category
Women's Social Welfare and Advocacy Services
NAICS
Business Associations (81391), Civic and Social Organizations (8134)
SIC
Services-Membership Organizations (8600)
akta.pro primary industry
Gender Equality & Women’s Rights Advocacy (BPAGAFAD)
akta.pro secondary industries
Gender Equality & Women’s Empowerment (BPAGABAF), Sexual & Reproductive Health & Family Planning (SRH/FP) Programs (BPADAIAD)

Keywords

  • Women's rights advocacy
  • Family welfare services
  • Gender equality promotion
  • Women's federation network
  • Marriage and family guidance

Where 全国妇联 is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
Beijing
HQ country
China
HQ region
Asia

Offices2 records

Markets served

全国妇联 business model

Business model
GTM type
B2C
Offering type
Services
Cost components
Personnel, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Others

Revenue model

  1. Government Funding: As a mass organization under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the All-China Women's Federation operates primarily through government funding and institutional support rather than commercial revenue generation.

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels4 records

Marketing channels5 records

全国妇联 product offering

Product offering

Core offering

The All-China Women's Federation is a people's mass organization under the Communist Party of China that represents and safeguards the legitimate rights and interests of women, promotes gender equality, and advances family welfare nationwide. Its core deliverables are content, advocacy, and public-interest services distributed through the China Women Website (中国妇女网 / cnwomen.com.cn), including policy news, women's rights protection channels, family and marriage guidance content, and branded initiatives such as the March 8 Red-Banner Holder program and family happiness projects.

Product overview

全国妇联(中国妇女网)运营的是一个新闻资讯与政务服务综合平台,而非商业化产品/服务提供商。平台主要提供新闻资讯发布(涵盖妇联动态、观点、家庭、权益、职场、女主角、文娱等栏目)、政务服务导览(维权热线、婚恋学堂、家政服务、爱心妈妈驿站等服务入口)以及专题活动报道(如大国筑梦、创业创新、三八红旗手等工作专区专题)。各栏目/专区为内容分类模块,非独立产品化服务。

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

  • 中国婚恋网: 婚恋服务平台
  • 爱心妈妈驿站
  • 三八红旗手
  • 家家幸福安康工程
  • 花样盛年
  • 智慧女性会客厅

Products and services

  • China Women Website (中国妇女网 / cnwomen.com.cn) Official nationwide online portal publishing news, policy commentary, and authoritative information on women's affairs, gender equality, and family welfare for women and the general public in China.
  • Women's Rights Protection Hotline (维权热线 12338) National hotline and rights-protection service channel that connects women in China with legal aid referrals and support for discrimination, domestic, and other rights-related issues.
  • National Federation Network of 32 Provincial-Level Federations Administrative network of provincial-level women's federations and subordinate local bodies that deliver women's affairs and family welfare services at the community level across China.

Companies that use 全国妇联

Customer profile

Named customers1 record

Segments1 record

Ideal customer profiles1 record

全国妇联 technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

全国妇联 partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Partnerships

Ten partnerships are on record, tiered core and minor.

  • 国务院妇女儿童工作委员会 (State Council Women and Children Working Committee)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerClose institutional partnership with the State Council's Women and Children Working Committee for policy coordination and implementation on women's and children's affairs.
  • 中国妇女杂志社 (China Women Magazine)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerAffiliated media organization publishing the China Women magazine and related publications.
  • 中国妇女出版社 (China Women's Publishing House)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerPublishing arm of the women's federation system for books and educational materials on women's issues and family topics.
  • 中华女子学院 (China Women's University)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerHigher education institution under the women's federation providing academic programs and research on women's studies.
  • 中国妇女发展基金会 (China Women's Development Foundation)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerFoundation under the federation focused on women's development and welfare programs.
  • 中国儿童少年基金会 (China Children and Teenagers' Foundation)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerFoundation focused on children's welfare and development programs.
  • 中国妇女儿童博物馆 (China Women and Children Museum)minorStrategic or Co-development PartnerMuseum showcasing the history and achievements of women and children in China.
  • 中国儿童中心 (China National Children's Center)minorStrategic or Co-development PartnerNational center for children's education and development activities.
  • 妇女研究所 (Women's Studies Institute)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerResearch institute conducting studies on women's issues and gender equality.
  • 全国妇联社会联络与交流合作中心 (ACWF Social Liaison and Exchange Center)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerInternational exchange and cooperation center for the women's federation system.

Scale indicators2 records

Recent moves4 records

Expansion highlights2 records

全国妇联 competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Broad incumbents

  • UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund): UN agency focused on reproductive health, family planning, and gender equality programs globally. Comparable as it operates in adjacent women's welfare and family planning program delivery, with similar multi-country programmatic structure.
  • UN Women: UN entity dedicated to gender equality and women's empowerment globally. Comparable as the international counterpart operating in the same gender-equality advocacy and policy space, with broader global reach but similar advocacy mandate.
  • International Women's Forum: Global membership organization advancing women's leadership across sectors and countries. Comparable as a membership-based women's organization with international reach, networking, and policy advocacy components.

Direct peers

  • National Organization for Women (NOW): Largest feminist advocacy organization in the United States, focused on women's rights, gender equality, and policy reform. Comparable as a national-level women's rights advocacy organization with grassroots network and policy influence ambitions.
  • Women for Women International: Nonprofit supporting women survivors of war and conflict through economic and social empowerment programs. Comparable as a women's empowerment and advocacy organization delivering services and programs across multiple geographies.
  • All India Women's Conference: One of the oldest national women's organizations in India, focused on women's empowerment, education, and welfare through a network of branches. Comparable as a national women's mass organization with grassroots reach, institutional programs, and advocacy mandate.
  • National Council of Women of the United States: Federated umbrella organization for U.S. women's associations, focused on equality, education, and welfare. Comparable as a federation of women's associations operating at national scale with advocacy and member-service functions.

Emerging players

  • Equality Now: International human rights organization working to end violence and discrimination against women and girls through legal advocacy. Comparable as a women's rights advocacy organization with international programmatic focus on legal protection.
  • WomenLift Health: Global organization advancing women's leadership in health and engaging influential leaders in gender equity. Comparable as a women's empowerment and leadership organization operating through programs and convenings, though focused specifically on the health sector.

Regional players

  • Women's Federation of Russia (Союз женщин России): Russian women's union focused on gender equality, family values, and women's social protection. Comparable as a successor national women's federation with similar socialist-era institutional heritage, mass-organization structure, and state-aligned advocacy role.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat4 records

Key risks5 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

全国妇联 social profiles

Digital presence

全国妇联 financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

全国妇联 leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

全国妇联 subsidiaries and ownership

Company hierarchy

Subsidiaries11 records

全国妇联 funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

全国妇联 M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about 全国妇联

What does 全国妇联 do?

The All-China Women's Federation is a people's mass organization under the Communist Party of China that represents and safeguards the legitimate rights and interests of women, promotes gender equality, and advances family welfare nationwide. Its core deliverables are content, advocacy, and public-interest services distributed through the China Women Website (中国妇女网 / cnwomen.com.cn), including policy news, women's rights protection channels, family and marriage guidance content, and branded initiatives such as the March 8 Red-Banner Holder program and family happiness projects.

Is 全国妇联 a public or private company?

全国妇联 is a private company. It is classified as state government owned and is currently operating.

When was 全国妇联 founded?

全国妇联 was founded in 1949. It employs 1 to 10 people.

Where is 全国妇联 based?

全国妇联 is headquartered in Beijing, China, in the Asia region.

How does 全国妇联 make money?

One revenue line is on record: government Funding.

Who are 全国妇联's main competitors?

Broad incumbents on record are UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund), UN Women and International Women's Forum. Direct peers are National Organization for Women (NOW), Women for Women International, All India Women's Conference and National Council of Women of the United States. Emerging players are Equality Now and WomenLift Health. Women's Federation of Russia (Союз женщин России) is listed as a regional player.

Does 全国妇联 have an API?

No public API is recorded for 全国妇联.

What industry is 全国妇联 in?

全国妇联's product category is Women's Social Welfare and Advocacy Services. Its primary akta.pro industry code is BPAGAFAD, Gender Equality & Women’s Rights Advocacy, with a secondary code of BPAGABAF, Gender Equality & Women’s Empowerment. Its NAICS code is 81391 and its SIC code is 8600.

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Live signals
Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus)Vietnam Women's Union extends condolences to women, people affected by flash floods in ChinaOn August 28, Le Thi Thuy, President of Vietnam's Women's Union, sent a letter to Shen Yiqin, President of China's All-China Women's Federation, expressing sympathy for women and people affected by flash floods along the China-Nepal border on August 26. The letter cited the long-standing friendship between the two socialist countries and expressed confidence in search and rescue efforts and recovery.PR NewswireCGTN: Peng Liyuan ruft zur Bildung von Frauen und Armutsbekämpfung aufPeng Liyuan, Special Envoy of UNESCO for Girls' and Women's Education, addressed the SCO Forum via video to advocate for women's education as a key driver in poverty reduction. She highlighted China's success in lifting hundreds of millions of women out of poverty through targeted educational and industrial initiatives, while noting global challenges such as the gender education gap exacerbated by the pandemic. The forum was organized jointly by the All-China Women's Federation, the SCO Committee for Good-neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation, and the SCO Secretariat.PR NewswirePcheng Li-jüan vyzývá ke spolupráci v oblasti vzdělávání žen a snižování chudobyPeng Liyuan, UNESCO Special Envoy and wife of Chinese President Xi Jinping, called for intensified international cooperation on women's education and poverty reduction during a forum co-organized by the All-China Women's Federation and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). She highlighted China's success in eradicating extreme poverty for hundreds of millions of women while emphasizing the global challenge of 435 million women still living in poverty. The statement urged sustained collaborative efforts to empower women through education as a means to improve their livelihoods.Business InsiderThe Advice Chinese Women Are Being Given About Marriage Is Unbelievably HorribleLeta Hong Fincher, a Tsinghua doctoral student, evaluated the All-China Women's Federation's marriage advice in a New York Times op-ed. The advice includes telling women to change their appearance to avoid being labeled 'leftover women' and to avoid confrontation with cheating husbands. The Federation, founded in 1949, is described as a vehicle for feminism in mainland China.