Swachh Bharat Mission

What Swachh Bharat Mission does

Swachh Bharat Mission-Grameen (SBM-G) is a centrally sponsored Government of India scheme under the Ministry of Jal Shakti (Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation), launched on October 2, 2014 by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi to make rural India Open Defecation Free (ODF) and subsequently deliver comprehensive sanitation ('Sampoorn Swachhata'). Phase I (2014-2019) achieved 100% rural sanitation coverage, constructing over 100 million individual household toilets and declaring more than 6 lakh villages ODF — described as the world's largest behavioral change movement. Phase II (2020-21 to 2025-26), backed by an estimated outlay of Rs. 1.40 lakh crores, sustains ODF status while introducing comprehensive solid and liquid waste management (SLWM) covering organic waste, plastic waste, greywater, and faecal sludge management.

The mission's core offerings include Individual Household Latrines (IHHL) with Rs. 12,000 per-household incentive for BPL households, Community Managed Sanitation Complexes (CMSC) at Rs. 3 lakh per unit, per-capita pricing for village SLWM (Rs. 45-660 per capita depending on waste stream and village size), the GOBARdhan waste-to-biogas initiative (Rs. 50 lakh per district), and Plastic Waste Management Units (Rs. 16 lakh per unit). Supporting programs include the Swachhata Green Leaf Rating (SGLR) for sustainable tourism, the Light House Initiative for model ODF Plus blocks, the Pani Ki Rail initiative, the Sujlam campaign (greywater), and the Retrofit to Twin Pit Abhiyan. Monitoring is operationalized through the SBM MIS Dashboard, IHHL Application Dashboard, and a toll-free SBM Academy (18001800404).

The mission operates a decentralized government-to-citizen (G2C) delivery model with no commercial revenue stream. Funding flows from central government budgetary allocations via the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation with cost-sharing patterns of 60:40 for most states, 90:10 for North-Eastern and Himalayan states, and 100% for Union Territories. The World Bank provides Rs. 9,000 crores of performance-based Disbursement-Linked Indicator funding. Implementation is anchored in India's three-tier Panchayati Raj Institutions (Gram, Block, Zila Panchayat) and District Swachh Bharat Missions (DSBM), with the Rural WASH Partners' Forum (RWPF) coordinating over 200 development partners across 12 thematic areas. Beneficiary segments are rural households (primary, universal), BPL/identified APL households, Gram Panchayats, women and children (safety/dignity outcomes), and schools and Anganwadi centres.

Name

Swachh Bharat Mission

Legal name

Swachh Bharat Mission - Grameen, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India

Website

https://swachhbharatmission.ddws.gov.in

Company type

Public

Founded year

2014

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

1,001–5,000 employees

Short description

Swachh Bharat Mission-Grameen (SBM-G) is a Government of India centrally sponsored scheme launched in 2014 to make rural India Open Defecation Free and deliver comprehensive solid and liquid waste management through Panchayati Raj Institutions serving over 100 million rural households.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Product category

Public Sanitation Services

NAICS

Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs (92411), Septic Tank and Related Services (562991), Other Nonhazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal (562219), Water, Sewage and Other Systems (2213)

SIC

Electric, Gas & Sanitary Services (4900), Refuse Systems (4953), Sanitary Services (4950)

akta.pro primary industry

Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH) (BPAGABAC)

akta.pro secondary industries

Community Health, Health Promotion & Behavior Change (SBCC) (BPADAIAL), Rural / Remote Community MSW Collection (EUAIAAAK), Water Resources, WASH & Integrated Water Management (BPADALAH)

Keywords

• Rural sanitation programs
• Waste management services
• Sanitation infrastructure
• Public health initiatives
• Behavioral change campaigns

Headquarters

HQ city

New Delhi

HQ country

India

HQ region

Asia

Markets served

GTM type

B2C

Offering type

Services

Cost components

Infrastructure, Operations, Personnel, Marketing or Sales, Technology or R&D, Supply Chain, Others

Pricing tiers

Distribution channels5 records

Marketing channels8 records

Core offering

Swachh Bharat Mission - Grameen (SBM-G) is a Government of India centrally sponsored scheme that drives rural sanitation across India through construction of Individual Household Latrines (IHHL) with Rs. 12,000 incentives for eligible households, Community Managed Sanitation Complexes for shared sanitation access, and comprehensive Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) covering organic, plastic, greywater and faecal sludge streams. Phase II (2020-21 to 2025-26) sustains ODF status, advances villages to ODF Plus classification (Aspiring, Rising, Model), and promotes the GOBARdhan bio-waste-to-biogas initiative to build a circular economy in rural India.

Product overview

Swachh Bharat Mission - Grameen (SBM-G) is a government of India initiative launched in October 2014 to make rural India Open Defecation Free (ODF) and subsequently achieve comprehensive sanitation (Sampoorn Swachhata). The mission operates in two phases: Phase I (2014-2019) focused on toilet construction achieving 100% sanitation coverage, and Phase II (2020-21 to 2025-26) sustains ODF status while introducing Solid and Liquid Waste Management. The core offerings include Individual Household Latrines (IHHL) with Rs.12,000 incentives, Community Managed Sanitation Complexes (CMSC), and SLWM covering organic, plastic, greywater, and fecal sludge management. Supporting products include the GOBARdhan initiative for biogas production, Swachhata Hi Seva campaign, Swachhata Green Leaf Rating for tourism, Light House Initiative for model ODF Plus blocks, and SPM-NIWAS training institute. Monitoring is facilitated through the SBM MIS Dashboard and IHHL Application Dashboard, while the monthly Swachhata Samachar newsletter disseminates updates. Phase II is supported by an investment of Rs.1.40 lakh crores.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

• GOBARdhan: Initiative to generate wealth and energy by converting bio-waste including animal waste, agri-residue into bio-slurry and biogas, reducing methane emissions and contributing towards circular economy.
• Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS)
• Swachhata Samachar
• Swachh Sujal Shakti Samman
• Swachhata Green Leaf Rating (SGLR)

Products and services

• Individual Household Latrines (IHHL) Government-supported construction of individual household toilets for eligible rural BPL and identified APL households to eliminate open defecation, with a Rs.12,000 incentive per household disbursed through Direct Benefit Transfer.
• Community Managed Sanitation Complexes (CMSC) Shared sanitation facilities for households lacking adequate space, migrant labourers, and public gathering areas in rural India, with up to Rs.3 lakh financial assistance per complex.
• Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) Comprehensive village-level waste management service covering organic waste, plastic waste, greywater management, and faecal sludge management to advance rural villages to ODF Plus status, with per capita funding for solid waste (up to Rs.60) and greywater (up to Rs.280) for villages up to 5,000 population.
• GOBARdhan District-level bio-waste management service that converts cattle dung, agricultural residue and other organic waste into bio-slurry and biogas, with financial support up to Rs.50 lakh per district for model GOBARdhan projects and over 1,150 biogas plants registered.
• Syama Prasad Mookerjee National Institute of Water and Sanitation (SPM-NIWAS) Apex capacity development institute in Kolkata delivering short, medium and long-term training courses for state/UT public health engineering, drinking water, sanitation and hygiene personnel.
• Swachh Survekshan Grameen Annual assessment and ranking service that surveys States and Districts on quantitative and qualitative SBM-G Phase II parameters covering village-level ODF sustainability, SLWM and household feedback to drive performance competition.
• SBM Academy Toll-free (18001800404) capacity building and knowledge resource service providing training and information to field functionaries and sanitation workers on SBM-G implementation.
• Swachhata Green Leaf Rating (SGLR) Rating service introduced with the Ministry of Tourism to assess and rate tourism establishments on cleanliness and sustainable tourism practices, aligned with the Travel for LiFE (TFL) program under Mission LiFE.

Quantifiable outcome

• 300,000 fewer diarrheal deaths in 2019 compared to 2014 (WHO)
• +5 more outcomes

Segments5 records

Ideal customer profiles2 records

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API

No

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Feature3 records

Partnerships

Eight partnerships are on record, tiered core, major, support and minor.

• Rural WASH Partners' Forum (RWPF)coreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 July 2022Platform of Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation (DDWS) for development and sector partners working in rural WASH sector. Includes 12 thematic areas with lead partners: WASH Institute (Faecal Sludge Management), Water Aid (Grey Water Management, O&M), Centre for Environment and Education (Plastic Waste Management), INREM Foundation (Water Quality Management), Aga Khan Foundation (Source Sustainability), Bill Melinda Gates Foundation (IEC), UNICEF (Capacity Building), India Sanitation Coalition - FICCI (CSR), Tata Trusts (IOT & Cloud Computing), Piramal Foundation (Innovation and R&D), AII India Institute of Local Self Government (Skilling). KPMG India serves as Platform Coordinator.
• India Sanitation Coalition (ISC)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerCollaborated with DDWS for Light House Initiative (LHI) launched in July 2022. Objective was to develop 75 model ODF Plus blocks serving as learning labs for other villages.
• WHO (World Health Organization)majorStrategic or Co-development PartnerWHO reported 300,000 fewer diarrheal deaths in 2019 compared to 2014 directly attributable to improved sanitation under SBM. Published impact assessment reports on SBM health outcomes.
• UNICEFmajorStrategic or Co-development PartnerPartner for environmental impact studies, capacity building under RWPF, and IEC activities. UNICEF 2017 report on safety and dignity of women. UNICEF 2019 study on groundwater contamination showing 12.70 times less likelihood in ODF villages.
• Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)majorStrategic or Co-development PartnerPartner for IEC studies and health impact assessment. BMGF 2017 study showing 58% higher cases of wasting among children in non-ODF areas. Active in RWPF for IEC thematic area.
• National Informatics Centre (NIC)supportTechnology or IntegrationNIC designed, developed, and hosts the official Swachh Bharat Mission - Gramin website, providing technical infrastructure for the mission's digital presence.
• Ministry of TourismmajorStrategic or Co-development PartnerCollaboration with DDWS to introduce Swachhata Green Leaf Rating (SGLR) initiative for cleaner and more sustainable tourism practices. SGLR aligns with Travel for LiFE (TFL) program under Mission LiFE.
• Corporate Partners (for Swachh Iconic Places)minorStrategic or Co-development PartnerCorporate and private sector support leveraged for cleaning of iconic places under Swachh Iconic Places (SIP) initiative. Other departments earmarked over INR 50,000 crores for sanitation in their respective sectors including highways, petrol pumps, railways, schools, hospitals.

Scale indicators15 records

Recent moves6 records

Expansion highlights6 records

Others

• Centre for Science and Environment (CSE): Indian think tank with deep WASH, faecal sludge management, and greywater policy expertise. Comparable as a policy research and capacity-building adjunct supporting SBM-G's technical manuals and SLWM frameworks.
• India Sanitation Coalition (ISC) - FICCI: Industry coalition convened by FICCI focused on sanitation CSR convergence. Directly comparable as the Light House Initiative co-lead and CSR mobilization partner for SBM-G's 75 model ODF Plus blocks.

Direct peers

• Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM): Government of India program under the same Ministry of Jal Shakti (Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation) targeting piped water to every rural household. Highly comparable as the complementary water-side analog to SBM-G's sanitation-side mandate, sharing governance, financing, and Gram Panchayat delivery mechanisms.
• Swachh Bharat Mission - Urban (SBM-U): Parallel Government of India program focused on urban sanitation, solid waste management, and ODF/ODF+ certification for cities. Closely comparable in mission design, funding architecture, and behavioral-change approach, but operates on the urban cohort.

Broad incumbents

• Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation - WASH: Major philanthropic funder active in RWPF (IEC thematic area) and producer of 2017 health-impact studies on SBM-G. Comparable as a long-horizon WASH R&D, IEC, and health-impact research partner operating alongside SBM-G.
• World Bank Water & Sanitation Program: Multilateral development institution providing the Rs. 9,000 crore SBM-G Support Project and DLI-based financing. Comparable as a funder, technical advisor, and outcome-verification partner for SBM-G's rural sanitation outcomes.
• UNICEF WASH India: UN agency supporting capacity building, IEC, and impact assessment under RWPF. Comparable as a knowledge, measurement, and on-ground implementation partner for SBM-G's behavior-change and groundwater-quality outcomes.
• Tata Water Mission (Tata Trusts): Large Indian philanthropic program covering rural WASH, including IoT/cloud computing for SBM-G via RWPF. Comparable as a high-capacity implementation partner and technology contributor supplementing SBM-G's infrastructure.

Emerging players

• Sulabh International: Indian NGO pioneer in low-cost sanitation, twin-pit toilets, and public toilet complexes. Comparable in technology stack (twin-pit latrines, fecal sludge management) that underpins SBM-G's household and community sanitation products.
• WaterAid India: International NGO active in rural WASH across India including Grey Water Management and O&M thematic leadership under the Rural WASH Partners' Forum. Highly comparable as a WASH implementation partner and policy advocate operating in SBM-G's footprint.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat6 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

• Xx.com/swachhbharat
• YouTubeyoutube.com/@SwachhBharatMissionGramin
• Facebookfacebook.com/SBMGramin
• Instagraminstagram.com/swachhbharatgrameen/?hl=en

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Subsidiaries1 record

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Swachh Bharat Mission