Kozloduy
Kozloduy NPP is Bulgaria's sole nuclear power plant, operating two WWER-1000 reactors (~2,000 MW) that supply over one-third of national electricity, plus district heating and accredited technical services, wholly owned by state holding Bulgarian Energy Holding EAD.
- Company typePrivate
- Founded1974
- HeadquartersKozloduj, Bulgaria
- Headcount1–10
- GTM typeB2B
- OfferingServices
What Kozloduy does
Kozloduy NPP (legal entity AEC Kozloduy EAD / АЕЦ Козлодуй ЕАД) is Bulgaria's only nuclear power plant and the first nuclear facility in Southeast Europe, commissioned in 1974 and wholly owned by the state holding company Bulgarian Energy Holding EAD. The plant operates two WWER-1000 pressurized water reactors (Units 5 and 6, model V-320 with hermetic containment and triple-redundant safety systems) totaling approximately 2,000 MW of installed capacity, delivering over one-third of Bulgaria's national annual electricity production. Operating licenses were extended in 2024 with term limitations removed, securing baseload operations until 2047 (Unit 5) and 2051 (Unit 6). Original Units 1–4 were decommissioned between 2002 and 2006 as part of Bulgaria's EU accession commitments and transferred to State Enterprise Radioactive Waste (DP RAO).
The business operates across four revenue streams: (1) electricity generation sold through the Bulgarian Independent Energy Exchange (IBEX) at market prices and via direct bilateral contracts (Kozloduy was the first company to register a freely-negotiated electricity sale in Bulgaria), (2) regulated district heating supply to the city of Kozloduy, (3) accredited external technical services including metrology verification, engineering chemistry, personal dosimetry, non-destructive diagnostics and control, and radioecological monitoring, and (4) ancillary revenue from asset sales, property rentals, and a portfolio of wholly-owned recreation facilities including Hotel Istar, Fortuna Hostel, the Sports and Recreation Complex, the House of Culture, and three vacation stations (Ledenika, Kranevo, Shiroka Polyana). Bulgaria is the first EU country to implement WWER-1000 fuel diversification, with Westinghouse RWFA assemblies reloaded into Unit 5 during the 2026 maintenance outage.
The company is governed by a Board of Directors chaired by Dragomir Dimitrov, with Ivan Andreev serving as Executive Director. The enterprise participates in all major international nuclear bodies including WANO (since 1989), IAEA technical cooperation programs, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (since 2021), nucleareurope, ENISS, ISOE, WEC, and the UN Global Compact Bulgarian Network. Distribution is via IBEX for electricity, district heating networks for thermal energy, and direct bilateral contracts for services; primary customers are the Bulgarian national grid, state utility NEK, regional energy traders, and residential/commercial heat consumers in the Kozloduy region.
Kozloduy firmographics
Firmographics- Name
- Kozloduy
- Legal name
- AEC Kozloduy EAD (АЕЦ Козлодуй ЕАД)
- Website
- https://kznpp.org
- Company type
- Private
- Founded year
- 1974
- Operating status
- Operating
- Headcount range
- 1–10 employees
- Short description
- Kozloduy NPP is Bulgaria's sole nuclear power plant, operating two WWER-1000 reactors (~2,000 MW) that supply over one-third of national electricity, plus district heating and accredited technical services, wholly owned by state holding Bulgarian Energy Holding EAD.
- Ownership category
- akta.pro rank
Kozloduy industry classification
Industry- Product category
- Nuclear Power Generation
- NAICS
- Nuclear Electric Power Generation (221113), Electric Power Generation (22111), Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply (221330), Utilities (22)
- SIC
- Cogeneration Services & Small Power Producers (4991)
- akta.pro primary industry
- Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) Power Generation (EUACADAA)
- akta.pro secondary industries
- Chemistry, Water Treatment & Radiochemistry (Primary/Secondary Chemistry, Sampling) (EUAKABAG), Spent Fuel Pool (SFP) Operations & Upgrades (EUAKAHAA), Reactor Refueling & Fuel Handling Systems (Cranes, Machines, Transfer Systems) (EUAKADAN), Spent Fuel Management Engineering, Consulting & Digital Tools (Thermal/Shielding/Criticality, QA) (EUAKAHAL)
Keywords
Where Kozloduy is headquartered
LocationHeadquarters
- HQ city
- Kozloduj
- HQ country
- Bulgaria
- HQ region
- Europe
Offices5 records
Markets served
Kozloduy business model
Business model- GTM type
- B2B
- Offering type
- Services
- Cost components
- Personnel, Operations, Supply Chain, Technology or R&D, Infrastructure, Others
Revenue model
- Electricity Generation and Sales: Primary revenue stream from generation and sale of electrical energy. Kozloduy NPP is the first company to register an electricity sale transaction at freely negotiated prices in Bulgaria, initiating market liberalization. Electricity sold through Bulgarian Independent Energy Exchange (IBEX) and directly to market participants.
- District Heating Supply: Heat supply services to the city of Kozloduy and surrounding areas. Licensed for heat energy transmission and distribution by the State Energy Regulatory Commission.
- Asset Sales: Periodic sale of decommissioned equipment, machinery, and assets through public tenders with sealed bidding.
- Property Rental: Rental of commercial spaces, offices, warehouses, and facilities on the NPP territory for periods typically of 3 years.
- External Services (Metrology, Chemistry, Dosimetry, Diagnostics): Accredited laboratory and technical services offered to external organizations including metrology verification, engineering chemistry testing, personal dosimetry control, diagnostic and control services, and radioecological monitoring.
Pricing tiers
| Model | Billing | Price |
|---|---|---|
| Transaction based/ take rate | Pay-as-you-go | Electricity sales through IBEX exchange |
| Subscription | Monthly | Heat energy sales |
| Unit Pricing | Pay-as-you-go | Hotel Istar accommodation |
| Unit Pricing | Pay-as-you-go | Sports and Recreation Complex services |
| Unit Pricing | Pay-as-you-go | Recreation complex accommodations |
Go-to-market motion1 record
Distribution channels4 records
Marketing channels8 records
Kozloduy product offering
Product offeringCore offering
Kozloduy NPP generates baseload nuclear electricity using two WWER-1000 pressurized water reactor units (Blocks 5 and 6), supplying over one-third of Bulgaria's annual electricity output through the IBEX exchange and direct sales to energy market participants. The company also distributes district heating to the city of Kozloduy under a regulated license, and operates accredited external technical services (metrology, engineering chemistry, personal dosimetry, diagnostics and control, radioecological monitoring) alongside a portfolio of recreational facilities.
Product overview
Kozloduy NPP is a nuclear power generation company operating two WWER-1000 reactors (Blocks 5 and 6) providing over one-third of Bulgaria's electricity. The company offers a diversified portfolio comprising core nuclear electricity and heat generation, plus external services including metrology assurance, engineering chemistry, personal dosimetry, diagnostics and control, and radioecological monitoring. Additionally, the company operates recreation facilities including hotels (Istar Hotel, Fortuna Hostel), sports complexes, cultural centers, and vacation properties (Ledenika, Kranevo, Shiroka Polyana). The enterprise also provides an e-learning platform (ESTRA) and maintains an Information Center for public engagement.
Differentiator
Problem solved
Functional benefit
Brands
- Nuclear Horizons: Internship program for students in nuclear energy and related technical fields
- ESTRA
Products and services
- Nuclear Electricity Generation (Units 5 & 6)
- District Heating (Toplosnabdyavane)
Quantifiable outcome
- 730,941,706 MWh total electricity produced from 1974 through end of 2025
- +3 more outcomes
Companies that use Kozloduy
Customer profileNamed customers4 records
Segments3 records
Ideal customer profiles3 records
Kozloduy technology and API
TechnologyTechnology focussed No
API detail
- Has API
- No
- API docs
- API detail
Core technology
AI maturity
App detail
Feature4 records
Kozloduy partnerships and signals
Strategic signalPartnerships
Ten partnerships are on record, tiered major, minor and core.
- Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of OECDmajorIntergovernmental agency within OECD with headquarters in Paris, France. Supports member countries in maintaining and advancing scientific, technological, and legal foundations for safe, environmentally sound nuclear energy use. Bulgaria is the 34th member since January 2021.
- ENISS Initiative (European Nuclear Installation Safety Standards)majorPlatform providing nuclear industry with information on national and European regulatory activities, expressing views, and providing expertise on international safety standards. Kozloduy NPP has been a member since April 2011.
- UN Global Compact - Bulgarian NetworkminorVoluntary UN initiative encouraging businesses to adopt sustainable and socially responsible policies. Kozloduy NPP is a member of the Bulgarian Network of the UN Global Compact, supporting human rights, labor standards, environmental protection, and anti-corruption principles.
- Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE)minorForum for radiation protection professionals from nuclear power licensees and national regulatory bodies for sharing operational experience to reduce occupational exposure. Co-sponsored by NEA and IAEA.
- World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO)coreGlobal association of nuclear operators established to maximize nuclear plant safety and reliability worldwide. Kozloduy NPP has actively participated in all WANO programs since its founding, sharing operational experience and best practices with nuclear facilities globally.
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)coreWorld center for cooperation in the nuclear field established under the UN. Works with member states on nuclear verification, safety, and peaceful technology applications. Bulgaria cooperates through national and regional technical cooperation projects.
- World Energy Council (WEC)minorNon-governmental organization and most important global energy organization. Members from over 90 countries including major energy producers and consumers. Kozloduy NPP participates through the Bulgarian National Committee.
- nucleareurope (formerly FORATOM)majorEuropean nuclear forum coordinating activities between members, promoting technical experience exchange, disseminating information, and encouraging best practices in nuclear plants. Kozloduy NPP participates through Bulgarian Atomic Forum (BULATOM) in various working groups.
- Women in Nuclear (WiN) BulgariaminorNon-governmental organization promoting women in the nuclear industry. Kozloduy NPP collaborates with WiN Bulgaria on joint initiatives including the Generation Z competition 'Nuclear Energy in the Era of Green Energy'.
- Bulgarian Atomic Forum (BULATOM)majorNational nuclear industry association through which Kozloduy NPP participates in nucleareurope activities and working groups, contributing to common positions on European nuclear industry issues.
Scale indicators10 records
Recent moves9 records
Expansion highlights5 records
Kozloduy competitors and assessment
Company assessmentRegional players
- Fortum: Finnish state-majority energy group operating multiple nuclear and hydro assets across the Nordics and owning a stake in the Loviisa VVER-440 plant. Comparable as a regional state-linked operator with VVER exposure, fuel cycle management, and EU regulatory positioning.
Direct peers
- Energoatom: Ukrainian state-owned operator of 15 nuclear reactors including multiple VVER-1000 units (e.g., South Ukraine, Khmelnytskyi). Comparable as a national-scale VVER fleet operator with similar fuel-supply, training, and waste management structures, though operating in a war-affected regulatory environment.
- Slovenské elektrárne: Slovakia's dominant nuclear operator running Mochovce and Bohunice VVER-440 reactors. Comparable as a Central European state-influenced nuclear operator managing VVER fleets, EU regulatory obligations, and fuel-supply diversification.
- Rosenergoatom: Russian state-owned operator of all Russian nuclear power plants, including the largest VVER-1000 fleet globally. Most relevant direct peer on VVER-1000 operations, fuel cycle, and refueling practices, and the historical OEM and primary fuel supplier to Kozloduy.
- ČEZ Group (Dukovany and Temelín NPPs): Czech utility operating two nuclear power plants (Dukovany with VVER-440, Temelín with VVER-1000) using identical reactor technology to Kozloduy. Direct peer on technology, EU VWR fleet operations, fuel diversification strategy, and state-influenced ownership model.
- TVO (Teollisuuden Voima Oy): Finnish nuclear operator running Olkiluoto (BWR and EPR) and owning a stake in Fennovoima. Comparable as a state-and-municipally owned nuclear operator focused on baseload supply with an extended-life strategy, though using different reactor technology.
- Nuclearelectrica (Cernavodă NPP): Romanian state-controlled nuclear operator running CANDU-6 reactors at Cernavodă. Comparable as a single-country state-owned nuclear operator in Southeast Europe serving as the country's primary baseload generator with extended-life and new-build ambitions.
- Paks Nuclear Power Plant: Hungary's sole nuclear power plant, also operating VVER-1000 (V-320) reactors of the same design vintage as Kozloduy Units 5-6. Highly comparable as a state-owned, Soviet-design PWR operator in a single EU country on the Danube, with active Russian fuel relationships and a 2026 cooling-water incident mirroring Kozloduy's.
Others
- Westinghouse Electric Company: U.S.-based nuclear reactor vendor and the supplier of the RWFA fuel assemblies loaded into Kozloduy's Unit 5. Relevant as Kozloduy's diversification counterparty and a potential future fuel/technology partner; not a competitor but a strategic supplier.
Broad incumbents
- EDF (Électricité de France): France's state-influenced national nuclear operator with the world's second-largest nuclear fleet (~56 reactors). Comparable as a national-scale state-linked nuclear operator providing baseload power, although EDF uses PWR rather than VVER technology and is much larger and more diversified.
Market position
Strengths4 records
Weaknesses4 records
Competitive moat6 records
Key risks5 records
Key highlights6 records
Customer concentration
Kozloduy social profiles
Digital presenceKozloduy compliance and trust
Trust signalCompliance5 records
Kozloduy financial estimates
Financial estimateRevenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Kozloduy leadership team
Management profileNumber of profiles
Profiles5 records
Kozloduy subsidiaries and ownership
Company hierarchySubsidiaries7 records
Kozloduy funding detail
Funding detailFunding overview
Funding rounds
Investors
Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Kozloduy M&A and investment
M&A and investmentM&A
Investments
M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Frequently asked questions about Kozloduy
What does Kozloduy do?
Kozloduy NPP generates baseload nuclear electricity using two WWER-1000 pressurized water reactor units (Blocks 5 and 6), supplying over one-third of Bulgaria's annual electricity output through the IBEX exchange and direct sales to energy market participants. The company also distributes district heating to the city of Kozloduy under a regulated license, and operates accredited external technical services (metrology, engineering chemistry, personal dosimetry, diagnostics and control, radioecological monitoring) alongside a portfolio of recreational facilities.
Is Kozloduy a public or private company?
Kozloduy is a private company. It is classified as state government owned and is currently operating.
When was Kozloduy founded?
Kozloduy was founded in 1974. It employs 1 to 10 people.
Where is Kozloduy based?
Kozloduy is headquartered in Kozloduj, Bulgaria, in the Europe region.
How does Kozloduy make money?
Five revenue lines are on record. Electricity Generation and Sales are the primary driver. The others are district Heating Supply, asset Sales, property Rental and external Services (Metrology, Chemistry, Dosimetry, Diagnostics).
Who are Kozloduy's main competitors?
Fortum is listed as a regional player. Direct peers are Energoatom, Slovenské elektrárne, Rosenergoatom, ČEZ Group (Dukovany and Temelín NPPs), TVO (Teollisuuden Voima Oy), Nuclearelectrica (Cernavodă NPP) and Paks Nuclear Power Plant. Westinghouse Electric Company is listed as an others. EDF (Électricité de France) is listed as a broad incumbent.
Does Kozloduy have an API?
No public API is recorded for Kozloduy.
What industry is Kozloduy in?
Kozloduy's product category is Nuclear Power Generation. Its primary akta.pro industry code is EUACADAA, Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) Power Generation, with a secondary code of EUAKABAG, Chemistry, Water Treatment & Radiochemistry (Primary/Secondary Chemistry, Sampling). Its NAICS code is 221113 and its SIC code is 4991.