Kozloduy

What Kozloduy does

Kozloduy NPP (legal entity AEC Kozloduy EAD / АЕЦ Козлодуй ЕАД) is Bulgaria's only nuclear power plant and the first nuclear facility in Southeast Europe, commissioned in 1974 and wholly owned by the state holding company Bulgarian Energy Holding EAD. The plant operates two WWER-1000 pressurized water reactors (Units 5 and 6, model V-320 with hermetic containment and triple-redundant safety systems) totaling approximately 2,000 MW of installed capacity, delivering over one-third of Bulgaria's national annual electricity production. Operating licenses were extended in 2024 with term limitations removed, securing baseload operations until 2047 (Unit 5) and 2051 (Unit 6). Original Units 1–4 were decommissioned between 2002 and 2006 as part of Bulgaria's EU accession commitments and transferred to State Enterprise Radioactive Waste (DP RAO).

The business operates across four revenue streams: (1) electricity generation sold through the Bulgarian Independent Energy Exchange (IBEX) at market prices and via direct bilateral contracts (Kozloduy was the first company to register a freely-negotiated electricity sale in Bulgaria), (2) regulated district heating supply to the city of Kozloduy, (3) accredited external technical services including metrology verification, engineering chemistry, personal dosimetry, non-destructive diagnostics and control, and radioecological monitoring, and (4) ancillary revenue from asset sales, property rentals, and a portfolio of wholly-owned recreation facilities including Hotel Istar, Fortuna Hostel, the Sports and Recreation Complex, the House of Culture, and three vacation stations (Ledenika, Kranevo, Shiroka Polyana). Bulgaria is the first EU country to implement WWER-1000 fuel diversification, with Westinghouse RWFA assemblies reloaded into Unit 5 during the 2026 maintenance outage.

The company is governed by a Board of Directors chaired by Dragomir Dimitrov, with Ivan Andreev serving as Executive Director. The enterprise participates in all major international nuclear bodies including WANO (since 1989), IAEA technical cooperation programs, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (since 2021), nucleareurope, ENISS, ISOE, WEC, and the UN Global Compact Bulgarian Network. Distribution is via IBEX for electricity, district heating networks for thermal energy, and direct bilateral contracts for services; primary customers are the Bulgarian national grid, state utility NEK, regional energy traders, and residential/commercial heat consumers in the Kozloduy region.

Name

Kozloduy

Legal name

AEC Kozloduy EAD (АЕЦ Козлодуй ЕАД)

Website

https://kznpp.org

Company type

Private

Founded year

1974

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

1–10 employees

Short description

Kozloduy NPP is Bulgaria's sole nuclear power plant, operating two WWER-1000 reactors (~2,000 MW) that supply over one-third of national electricity, plus district heating and accredited technical services, wholly owned by state holding Bulgarian Energy Holding EAD.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Product category

Nuclear Power Generation

NAICS

Nuclear Electric Power Generation (221113), Electric Power Generation (22111), Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply (221330), Utilities (22)

SIC

Cogeneration Services & Small Power Producers (4991)

akta.pro primary industry

Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) Power Generation (EUACADAA)

akta.pro secondary industries

Chemistry, Water Treatment & Radiochemistry (Primary/Secondary Chemistry, Sampling) (EUAKABAG), Spent Fuel Pool (SFP) Operations & Upgrades (EUAKAHAA), Reactor Refueling & Fuel Handling Systems (Cranes, Machines, Transfer Systems) (EUAKADAN), Spent Fuel Management Engineering, Consulting & Digital Tools (Thermal/Shielding/Criticality, QA) (EUAKAHAL)

Keywords

• Nuclear power generation
• Baseload electricity supply
• District heating services
• Metrology and dosimetry
• Radioecological monitoring

Headquarters

HQ city

Kozloduj

HQ country

Bulgaria

HQ region

Europe

Offices5 records

Markets served

GTM type

B2B

Offering type

Services

Cost components

Personnel, Operations, Supply Chain, Technology or R&D, Infrastructure, Others

Revenue model

1. Electricity Generation and Sales: Primary revenue stream from generation and sale of electrical energy. Kozloduy NPP is the first company to register an electricity sale transaction at freely negotiated prices in Bulgaria, initiating market liberalization. Electricity sold through Bulgarian Independent Energy Exchange (IBEX) and directly to market participants.
2. District Heating Supply: Heat supply services to the city of Kozloduy and surrounding areas. Licensed for heat energy transmission and distribution by the State Energy Regulatory Commission.
3. Asset Sales: Periodic sale of decommissioned equipment, machinery, and assets through public tenders with sealed bidding.
4. Property Rental: Rental of commercial spaces, offices, warehouses, and facilities on the NPP territory for periods typically of 3 years.
5. External Services (Metrology, Chemistry, Dosimetry, Diagnostics): Accredited laboratory and technical services offered to external organizations including metrology verification, engineering chemistry testing, personal dosimetry control, diagnostic and control services, and radioecological monitoring.

Pricing tiers

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels4 records

Marketing channels8 records

Core offering

Kozloduy NPP generates baseload nuclear electricity using two WWER-1000 pressurized water reactor units (Blocks 5 and 6), supplying over one-third of Bulgaria's annual electricity output through the IBEX exchange and direct sales to energy market participants. The company also distributes district heating to the city of Kozloduy under a regulated license, and operates accredited external technical services (metrology, engineering chemistry, personal dosimetry, diagnostics and control, radioecological monitoring) alongside a portfolio of recreational facilities.

Product overview

Kozloduy NPP is a nuclear power generation company operating two WWER-1000 reactors (Blocks 5 and 6) providing over one-third of Bulgaria's electricity. The company offers a diversified portfolio comprising core nuclear electricity and heat generation, plus external services including metrology assurance, engineering chemistry, personal dosimetry, diagnostics and control, and radioecological monitoring. Additionally, the company operates recreation facilities including hotels (Istar Hotel, Fortuna Hostel), sports complexes, cultural centers, and vacation properties (Ledenika, Kranevo, Shiroka Polyana). The enterprise also provides an e-learning platform (ESTRA) and maintains an Information Center for public engagement.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

• Nuclear Horizons: Internship program for students in nuclear energy and related technical fields
• ESTRA

Products and services

• Nuclear Electricity Generation (Units 5 & 6)
• District Heating (Toplosnabdyavane)

Quantifiable outcome

• 730,941,706 MWh total electricity produced from 1974 through end of 2025
• +3 more outcomes

Named customers4 records

Segments3 records

Ideal customer profiles3 records

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API

No

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Feature4 records

Partnerships

Ten partnerships are on record, tiered major, minor and core.

• Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of OECDmajorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 January 2021Intergovernmental agency within OECD with headquarters in Paris, France. Supports member countries in maintaining and advancing scientific, technological, and legal foundations for safe, environmentally sound nuclear energy use. Bulgaria is the 34th member since January 2021.
• ENISS Initiative (European Nuclear Installation Safety Standards)majorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 April 2011Platform providing nuclear industry with information on national and European regulatory activities, expressing views, and providing expertise on international safety standards. Kozloduy NPP has been a member since April 2011.
• UN Global Compact - Bulgarian NetworkminorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 26 July 2000Voluntary UN initiative encouraging businesses to adopt sustainable and socially responsible policies. Kozloduy NPP is a member of the Bulgarian Network of the UN Global Compact, supporting human rights, labor standards, environmental protection, and anti-corruption principles.
• Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE)minorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 January 1992Forum for radiation protection professionals from nuclear power licensees and national regulatory bodies for sharing operational experience to reduce occupational exposure. Co-sponsored by NEA and IAEA.
• World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO)coreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 15 May 1989Global association of nuclear operators established to maximize nuclear plant safety and reliability worldwide. Kozloduy NPP has actively participated in all WANO programs since its founding, sharing operational experience and best practices with nuclear facilities globally.
• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)coreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 January 1957World center for cooperation in the nuclear field established under the UN. Works with member states on nuclear verification, safety, and peaceful technology applications. Bulgaria cooperates through national and regional technical cooperation projects.
• World Energy Council (WEC)minorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 January 1923Non-governmental organization and most important global energy organization. Members from over 90 countries including major energy producers and consumers. Kozloduy NPP participates through the Bulgarian National Committee.
• nucleareurope (formerly FORATOM)majorStrategic or Co-development PartnerEuropean nuclear forum coordinating activities between members, promoting technical experience exchange, disseminating information, and encouraging best practices in nuclear plants. Kozloduy NPP participates through Bulgarian Atomic Forum (BULATOM) in various working groups.
• Women in Nuclear (WiN) BulgariaminorStrategic or Co-development PartnerNon-governmental organization promoting women in the nuclear industry. Kozloduy NPP collaborates with WiN Bulgaria on joint initiatives including the Generation Z competition 'Nuclear Energy in the Era of Green Energy'.
• Bulgarian Atomic Forum (BULATOM)majorStrategic or Co-development PartnerNational nuclear industry association through which Kozloduy NPP participates in nucleareurope activities and working groups, contributing to common positions on European nuclear industry issues.

Scale indicators10 records

Recent moves9 records

Expansion highlights5 records

Regional players

• Fortum: Finnish state-majority energy group operating multiple nuclear and hydro assets across the Nordics and owning a stake in the Loviisa VVER-440 plant. Comparable as a regional state-linked operator with VVER exposure, fuel cycle management, and EU regulatory positioning.

Direct peers

• Energoatom: Ukrainian state-owned operator of 15 nuclear reactors including multiple VVER-1000 units (e.g., South Ukraine, Khmelnytskyi). Comparable as a national-scale VVER fleet operator with similar fuel-supply, training, and waste management structures, though operating in a war-affected regulatory environment.
• Slovenské elektrárne: Slovakia's dominant nuclear operator running Mochovce and Bohunice VVER-440 reactors. Comparable as a Central European state-influenced nuclear operator managing VVER fleets, EU regulatory obligations, and fuel-supply diversification.
• Rosenergoatom: Russian state-owned operator of all Russian nuclear power plants, including the largest VVER-1000 fleet globally. Most relevant direct peer on VVER-1000 operations, fuel cycle, and refueling practices, and the historical OEM and primary fuel supplier to Kozloduy.
• ČEZ Group (Dukovany and Temelín NPPs): Czech utility operating two nuclear power plants (Dukovany with VVER-440, Temelín with VVER-1000) using identical reactor technology to Kozloduy. Direct peer on technology, EU VWR fleet operations, fuel diversification strategy, and state-influenced ownership model.
• TVO (Teollisuuden Voima Oy): Finnish nuclear operator running Olkiluoto (BWR and EPR) and owning a stake in Fennovoima. Comparable as a state-and-municipally owned nuclear operator focused on baseload supply with an extended-life strategy, though using different reactor technology.
• Nuclearelectrica (Cernavodă NPP): Romanian state-controlled nuclear operator running CANDU-6 reactors at Cernavodă. Comparable as a single-country state-owned nuclear operator in Southeast Europe serving as the country's primary baseload generator with extended-life and new-build ambitions.
• Paks Nuclear Power Plant: Hungary's sole nuclear power plant, also operating VVER-1000 (V-320) reactors of the same design vintage as Kozloduy Units 5-6. Highly comparable as a state-owned, Soviet-design PWR operator in a single EU country on the Danube, with active Russian fuel relationships and a 2026 cooling-water incident mirroring Kozloduy's.

Others

• Westinghouse Electric Company: U.S.-based nuclear reactor vendor and the supplier of the RWFA fuel assemblies loaded into Kozloduy's Unit 5. Relevant as Kozloduy's diversification counterparty and a potential future fuel/technology partner; not a competitor but a strategic supplier.

Broad incumbents

• EDF (Électricité de France): France's state-influenced national nuclear operator with the world's second-largest nuclear fleet (~56 reactors). Comparable as a national-scale state-linked nuclear operator providing baseload power, although EDF uses PWR rather than VVER technology and is much larger and more diversified.

Market position

Strengths4 records

Weaknesses4 records

Competitive moat6 records

Key risks5 records

Key highlights6 records

Customer concentration

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• LinkedInlinkedin.com/company/kozloduy-npp

Compliance5 records

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Profiles5 records

Subsidiaries7 records

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Kozloduy