Eram Holdings
Eram Holdings is a privately held Saudi-anchored conglomerate operating 40+ subsidiaries across nine verticals, including power electronics manufacturing, EPC engineering, travel management, healthcare, automotive dealerships, and IT services, serving industrial and government clients across 16 countries with 12,000+ employees.
- Company typePrivate
- Founded1990
- HeadquartersAl Khobar, Saudi Arabia
- Headcount5,001–10,000
- GTM typeB2B
- OfferingServices
What Eram Holdings does
Eram Holdings is a privately held Saudi-anchored conglomerate, founded in the 1990s by Dr. Siddeek Ahmed and headquartered in Al Khobar, operating 40+ subsidiaries across nine business verticals (human capital, R&D and manufacturing, travel and tourism, healthcare, industrial support services and trading, automotive dealerships, real estate and investments, training and skill development, and information technology). It runs 126+ offices in 16 countries with a 12,000+ workforce spanning 66 nationalities, serving clients such as Saudi Electric Company, SABIC, SADARA, Siemens, Saipem, GE, Chevron Phillips, Larsen & Toubro, e-Distribuzione (Enel), ISRO/DRDO/RRCAT, and 600+ corporate travel accounts.
Its core technology stack is anchored by ERAM Power Electronics Company (EPEC), a 'Made in Saudi' manufacturer of UPS systems, battery chargers, frequency converters, CellWatt lithium batteries (powering 40,000+ Saudi traffic cameras), and next-generation Silicon Carbide and Gallium Nitride semiconductor converters co-developed with ISRO, DRDO and RRCAT. EPEC's Bengaluru Center of Excellence holds EN 9100:2018/AS9100D aerospace certification from TÜV Rheinland and operates an ISO 17025-accredited laboratory. The travel vertical (ITL World, Tripmakers, MiceMinds, Arabian Experience, EduVoyage) pairs a B2B travel-technology platform (API, smart rule engine) with CTM partnership reach across 130+ countries.
The business model is a hybrid of direct enterprise/B2B sales for engineering services and power electronics, managed-services healthcare contracts (Dar As Sihha operates 30+ remote area clinics with 95%+ performance ratings serving 1,500–2,000 outpatients daily), authorized automotive dealership (Eram Motors, 28 Mahindra outlets across 7 Kerala districts), joint-venture-based industrial services (GAZ Middle East Ni-Cd batteries, MVN Middle East 5PL logistics, Eram Asacon HVAC), and quote-based commercial terms across most units. External validation includes a B+ issuer / BB+ Saudi national scale S&P Global rating (May 2025) and Great Place to Work Certification (July 2025).
Eram Holdings firmographics
Firmographics- Name
- Eram Holdings
- Legal name
- Eram Holdings
- Website
- https://eramholdings.com
- Company type
- Private
- Founded year
- 1990
- Operating status
- Operating
- Headcount range
- 5,001–10,000 employees
- Short description
- Eram Holdings is a privately held Saudi-anchored conglomerate operating 40+ subsidiaries across nine verticals, including power electronics manufacturing, EPC engineering, travel management, healthcare, automotive dealerships, and IT services, serving industrial and government clients across 16 countries with 12,000+ employees.
- Ownership category
- akta.pro rank
Eram Holdings industry classification
Industry- Product category
- Diversified Industrial Conglomerate
- NAICS
- Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing (33411), Engineering Services (541330)
- SIC
- Electronic & Other Electrical Equipment (No Computer Equip) (3600), Misc Industrial & Commercial Machinery & Equipment (3590)
- akta.pro primary industry
- Endpoint & Mobile Asset Management (UEM/MDM Asset Controls) (BPAEAOAI)
- akta.pro secondary industry
- Endpoint & Device Management (UEM/MDM) Services (BPAEABAF)
Keywords
Where Eram Holdings is headquartered
LocationHeadquarters
- HQ city
- Al Khobar
- HQ country
- Saudi Arabia
- HQ region
- Middle East
Markets served
Eram Holdings business model
Business model- GTM type
- B2B
- Offering type
- Services
- Cost components
- Personnel, Supply Chain, Technology or R&D, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Infrastructure
Revenue model
- Power Electronics & Manufacturing (EPEC/APEC): Sale of industrial power electronics (UPS, battery chargers, frequency converters, lithium batteries, Ni-Cd batteries, solar PCUs, stabilizers) to defense, oil & gas, telecom, airports and utilities; made-in-Saudi / made-in-India manufacturing with full localization.
- Travel Management & MICE Services (ITL World): Corporate and leisure travel management, MICE, destination management, and B2B travel technology; revenue from corporate accounts (600+ global/regional clients), airline/hotel commissions and managed travel contracts.
- IT Consulting & SAP Services (Orionedge): Professional services for SAP/ERP implementation, IT infrastructure, custom software, web/mobile apps, e-commerce and POS; fastest growing SAP partner in the Middle East.
- Healthcare Services (Dar As Sihha): Patient-centered multispeciality and remote-area clinic services, occupational health, drug screening and employee well-being; operates 30+ remote area clinics (RACS) with 95%+ performance rating; B2B contracts with industrial operators.
- Automotive Dealership (Eram Motors): Mahindra & Mahindra vehicle sales, service, body shop and customization across 28 outlets / 32 touch points in North Kerala; associated services include quick repair, steam washing and car customization.
- Trading & Distribution (Gulf Mashariq / KAKU): Wholesale and retail trading of sanitary products, safety items, water pumps, hardware and power tools in Saudi Arabia under the KAKU brand.
- Food Processing & Export (Foodco Delicacies): Export of ready-to-eat Indian ethnic foods, frozen vegetables and seafood with FDA, EU, HACCP, BRC and ISO 22000 certifications to markets in America, Europe and Asia.
- Skill Development & Training (Eram Skills Academy / ESPOIR): Vocational training, trade testing and skill verification (KSA-approved) under KASE/NSDC and Ministry of External Affairs frameworks; placement of trained workforce into international job markets.
- Industrial Support Services & Equipment Rental (United ARK): Rental of heavy equipment with certified operators, plus equipment support services for construction, maintenance and operation of oil & gas, pipelines and petrochemical projects.
- Real Estate & Investments (Eram Properties Network): Acquisition, development and management of commercial and residential properties in India; functions as the holding arm for Eram in India.
Pricing tiers
| Model | Billing | Price |
|---|---|---|
| Other | Pay-as-you-go | Paid services / platform access is quote-based with auto-renewal; terms allow charges to vary by geography and promotional offers. |
Go-to-market motion1 record
Distribution channels12 records
Marketing channels9 records
Eram Holdings product offering
Product offeringCore offering
Eram Holdings is a multi-vertical holding company operating 40+ businesses across nine verticals including power electronics manufacturing (EPEC), corporate travel management (ITL World), automotive dealership (Eram Motors), healthcare services (Dar As Sihha), IT/SAP consulting (Orionedge), industrial support services, real estate, training/skill development, and food processing. The conglomerate manufactures power electronics (UPS, lithium batteries, battery chargers, frequency converters) for defense, oil & gas, telecom, airports, and utilities clients, while also delivering enterprise services across engineering, EPC, travel management, healthcare, automotive, and vocational training.
Differentiator
Problem solved
Functional benefit
Brands
- Eram Motors: Kerala's No.1 Mahindra & Mahindra vehicle dealer operating 28 outlets across 7 districts of Kerala; first elite club member of Mahindra; established 2010 as ITL Motors and rebranded as Eram Motors in 2015.
- ITL World
- ERAM Power Electronics Company (EPEC)
- Eram Magnaflux Systems
- Dar As Sihha Medical Center
- Tripmakers
- MiceMinds
- Arabian Experience
- EduVoyage
- Orionedge Consulting Solutions
- Eram Asacon
- Eram Skills Academy
- Espoir (ESPOIR Academy)
- Foodco Delicacies
- Eram Properties Network
- Eram Hydraulics
- Gulf Mashariq Trading Company
- United ARK Contracting Company (ARK)
- Eram Floors and Interior
- Eram Print and Pack
- GAZ Middle East
- MVN Middle East
- Eram Education
Products and services
- Eram Engineering Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) and shutdown and maintenance services for onshore and offshore projects. Provides Engineering and Project Management services to Power, Oil & Gas, and other industries across KSA, UAE, and Qatar.
- Eram Talent Human Capital Management subsidiary providing talent and workforce solutions in Saudi Arabia, supporting the group's broader workforce supply operations across the Middle East.
- Eram HR Solutions UAE-based recruitment and HR services arm specialising in expatriate recruitment and placement across the Middle East. Awarded the Economic Times Human Capital MENA Award for Excellence in Recruitment of Expats in 2024.
- Eram Power Electronics Company (EPEC) Power electronics manufacturer designing and manufacturing industrial battery chargers, UPS systems, frequency converters, lithium batteries (CellWatt), and next-generation SiC and Gallium Nitride semiconductor converters. Serves oil and gas, airports, telecoms, defence bases, and utilities across the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia. India operations based in Pune (manufacturing) and Bengaluru (R&D Center of Excellence).
- EPEC Linegate SiC-Based Battery Chargers EPEC's next-generation SiC (Silicon Carbide)-based battery chargers launched at IKTVA 2025; flagship product for industrial and technological sectors aligned with Saudi Vision 2030 localisation goals.
- Eram Magnaflux Systems Power electronics pioneer in India manufacturing UPS systems, solar PCUs, stabilizers, and rectifier products. 25+ years of operations with over 10,000 installation bases backed by strong R&D for innovation and quality.
- ITL World Leading GCC business travel management company offering corporate travel, MICE, holidays, and travel technology. Operates in Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, India, Saudi Arabia, and Thailand. Partners with CTM for access to 130+ countries. Sub-brands include ITL World Elite, MiceMinds, Arabian Experience, EduVoyage, and Tripmakers.
- Tripmakers Partner Network B2B travel technology platform (an ITL World Company) delivering advanced booking tools including a powerful API, smart rule engine, and intuitive agent platform. Empowers travel agents and businesses with seamless flight search, dynamic pricing, and booking capabilities across Asia.
- MiceMinds End-to-end event management partner (an ITL World company) delivering immersive experiences from conferences and corporate retreats to incentive travel and destination experiences. Blends creativity with strategy for brand-aligned events.
- Eram Motors Kerala's No.1 Mahindra & Mahindra vehicle dealer operating 28 outlets / 32 touch points across 7 districts of North Kerala (Thrissur to Kasaragod); first elite club member of Mahindra; offers new vehicle sales, service centres, body shop, and car customization.
- Dar As Sihha Medical Center Multispecialty medical center network with clinics in Dammam and Al Khobar, 30+ remote area clinics, specialised license to operate in critical oil & gas zones; accredited by Saudi Heart Association and American Heart Association for First Aid and Basic Life Support training.
- Orionedge Consulting Solutions IT solutions provider specialising in SAP/ERP implementation, web applications, branding, IT infrastructure, mobile applications, e-commerce, and software development. Positions itself as the fastest-growing SAP partner in the Middle East.
- United ARK Contracting Company Technical support provider for heavy equipment rental and specialised equipment operators serving construction, oil and gas processing plants, pipelines, and petrochemical projects in Saudi Arabia.
- Gulf Mashariq Trading Company (KAKU brand) Wholesale and retail trading company in Saudi Arabia for sanitary products, safety items, water pumps, hardware, and power tools under the best-known KAKU brand line.
- Foodco Delicacies India Pvt. Ltd. Food processing and export company specialising in ready-to-eat Indian ethnic foods, frozen vegetables, and seafood with FDA, EU, HACCP, BRC, and ISO 22000 certifications; exports to markets in America, Europe, and Asia.
- Eram Skills Academy Skill development and placement training across Oil & Gas, healthcare, cosmetology, logistics, and automobile sectors. Operates a 50,000 sq ft campus with simulation labs and industry-grade machinery; recognised as Centre of Excellence by KASE, accredited by NSDC, STED Council, and CPD (UK). First Pre-Departure Orientation Training Centre of MEA in South India and first Approved Trade Testing Centre for Takamol Skill Verification Program (SVP) of KSA in Kerala.
- Eram Floors and Interior Specialised contracting arm providing flooring and interior solutions across retail, hospitality, educational, residential, healthcare, sports, and recreational projects in the GCC.
- Eram Print and Pack Leading provider of printing and signage solutions in Saudi Arabia with state-of-the-art production facility for offset and digital printing with in-house creative design team.
- GAZ Middle East Joint venture industrial batteries manufacturer specialising in localised assembly of Ni-Cd batteries in Saudi Arabia, leveraging GAZ's globally leading Ni-Cd battery technology.
- MVN Middle East Joint venture integrated logistics services company; operates as a 5PL provider in integrated logistics services worldwide, coordinating activities across any type of goods.
Quantifiable outcome
- EPEC CellWatt Lithium Batteries power 40,000+ traffic cameras across Saudi Arabia
- +7 more outcomes
Companies that use Eram Holdings
Customer profileNamed customers16 records
Segments8 records
Ideal customer profiles5 records
Eram Holdings technology and API
TechnologyTechnology focussed Yes
API detail
- Has API
- Yes
- API docs
- API detail
Core technology
AI maturity
App detail
AI capability2 records
Feature7 records
Eram Holdings partnerships and signals
Strategic signalPartnerships
22 partnerships are on record, tiered mid-tier product collaboration, strategic flagship partnership, strategic joint venture, flagship oem partnership, core channel partner, strategic r&d partner, strategic humanitarian collaboration, core training partner, strategic government partner, mid-tier government collaboration, certification partner, accreditation partner, accreditation reference benchmark, csr partner and government csr partner.
- Explora Journeysmid-tier product collaborationIn June 2024, ITL World entered a collaboration with Explora Journeys to offer luxury cruise experiences, expanding its travel portfolio across cruises and ferries.
- e-Distribuzione (Enel Group, Italy)strategic flagship partnershipE-Distribuzione is a multi-national power company, part of Enel Italy, with revenue of approximately 76 billion euros. Eram Group has partnered with Enel to provide smart grid solutions in the GCC. Announced under the 'Strategic Partnerships & Alliances' page on Eram Holdings' website.
- MVN Industrial Solutions, Italy (MSC Group)strategic joint ventureMVN Middle East Limited Company is a joint venture between MVN Industrial Solutions Italy (an MSC Group company) and Eram Holdings. MVN operates as a 5PL logistics provider with extensive experience coordinating activities worldwide across any type of goods.
- GAZ (Zwickau, Germany)strategic joint ventureGAZ Middle East is a joint venture between Eram Holdings and GAZ (Germany), specialized in localized assembly of Ni-Cd batteries in Saudi Arabia, supporting major clients in the region with advanced production techniques.
- Mahindra & Mahindraflagship oem partnershipEram Motors is an authorised dealer of Mahindra & Mahindra vehicles in North Kerala, with 28 outlets / 32 touch points across 7 districts; first elite club member of Mahindra in India. Also partners with Mahindra on the 'Naari Chakra' women-empowerment program through ASAP Kerala.
- CTM (Corporate Travel Management)core channel partnerITL World has joined forces with CTM (Corporate Travel Management) for access to over 130+ countries, providing global and regional organisations with comprehensive travel management services. ITL World represents CTM across the GCC for the last decade.
- ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)strategic r&d partnerEPEC collaborates with ISRO, DRDO and RRCAT to develop mission-critical power systems for space, nuclear and defense applications. Co-developed AI-integrated power systems and next-generation SiC and GaN semiconductor converters.
- DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation, India)strategic r&d partnerEPEC collaborates with DRDO on mission-critical systems for defense applications including next-generation converters.
- RRCAT (Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology)strategic r&d partnerEPEC collaborates with RRCAT to develop mission-critical power systems for nuclear and scientific applications.
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Emergency & Trauma Care (WHO CCET) at AIIMS New Delhistrategic humanitarian collaborationThrough the ERAM Educational & Welfare Trust, in collaboration with WHO CCET at AIIMS New Delhi, Eram launched SATYAM — a programme equipping students with first aid, CPR and emergency response skills. Pilot trained 200+ students in Kanjikode, Palakkad, with certificates bearing the WHO logo.
- KASE (Kerala Academy for Skills Excellence)core training partnerESPOIR Academy, an initiative of KASE under the Government of Kerala, is developed and operated by Eram Technologies as part of Naipunyam 2014 (an international skill summit). Eram Skill Academy is recognised as a Centre of Excellence by KASE.
- National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), Government of Indiacore training partnerESPOIR Academy operates as a non-funded partner of NSDC, Government of India, adhering to industry standards for high-quality training, trade testing and successful job placements. Eram Skill Academy is also accredited by NSDC.
- Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), Government of Indiastrategic government partnerESPOIR Academy is the first Pre-Departure Orientation Training Centre of the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) in South India.
- ASAP Keralamid-tier government collaborationEram Technologies partnered with ASAP Kerala and Mahindra & Mahindra on the 'Naari Chakra' 60-day training initiative inaugurated by Kerala's Higher Education Minister Dr. R. Bindu, equipping women aged 18–35 with automotive skills and 100% placement.
- TÜV Rheinland, Germanycertification partnerEPEC's Center of Excellence (Bengaluru, India) is certified to the EN 9100:2018 aerospace quality standard (equivalent to AS9100D), as evidenced and certified by TÜV Rheinland, Germany — for design, development, manufacture, installation and commissioning of power electronics for commercial, industrial, defence, military and aerospace applications.
- Saudi Heart Associationaccreditation partnerDar As Sihha Medical Center is an approved training center accredited by the Saudi Heart Association to provide First Aid / Heart Saver training.
- American Heart Associationaccreditation partnerDar As Sihha Medical Center is accredited by the American Heart Association to provide Basic Life Support training.
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcareaccreditation reference benchmarkDar As Sihha holds a specialised license to operate remote site medical units in critical oil & gas zones — a privilege held by very few institutions, including those approved by Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare accredited medical centres.
- Takamol Holding (Skill Verification Program)accreditation partnerFirst Approved Trade Testing Centre for the Takamol Skill Verification Program (SVP) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Kerala, operated through Eram Skills Academy.
- STED Council and CPD (UK)certification partnerERAM Skill Academy is further strengthened by certifications from the STED Council and CPD (UK) that ensure global standards in vocational education.
- Operation Smile UAEcsr partnerERAM HR Solutions supports Operation Smile UAE by donating textiles for recycling, helping provide medical assistance to children in need.
- Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS)government csr partnerExecuted the Palakkad water conservation CSR initiative in partnership with MGNREGS and local communities, including replacement of damaged river shutters with iron structures on the Bharathappuzha (Nila) River, renovation of 100+ wells and revival of 141 ponds.
Scale indicators16 records
Recent moves13 records
Expansion highlights7 records
Eram Holdings competitors and assessment
Company assessmentDirect peers
- Vertiv Holdings: Global pure-play in critical digital infrastructure and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems — directly comparable to EPEC's UPS, power-conversion and battery products for data centers, telecoms and industrial customers.
- BCD Travel: Global corporate travel-management company serving multinational clients across 100+ countries — directly comparable to ITL World's 600+ corporate-account business model, transaction-fee revenue mix and MICE-event services.
- Corporate Travel Management (CTM): Global corporate travel-management provider already partnered with ITL World across 130+ countries — directly comparable as a competitor/co-partner to ITL World's managed-travel and MICE services for enterprise and government clients.
- Abdul Latif Jameel: Saudi conglomerate with Toyota distribution, energy/power-electronics manufacturing (Al-Bawani), real estate, advertising and financial services — comparable mix of automotive dealership leadership, industrial manufacturing, and Saudi/regional industrial-services focus.
- Al Rajhi Holding Group: Saudi family-controlled conglomerate with diversified operations across construction, industrial services, trading, food and real estate — analogous family-led multi-vertical structure and Saudi-headquartered industrial-services orientation.
- Al Futtaim Group: UAE-headquartered diversified conglomerate operating automotive dealerships, travel, real estate, healthcare, retail and industrial-services businesses across the Middle East — directly comparable to Eram's multi-vertical GCC footprint and its mix of wholly-owned and joint-venture operations.
Broad incumbents
- ABB: Global industrial-electronics leader in power conversion, UPS, motor drives and grid solutions — overlaps with EPEC's industrial power-electronics portfolio and competes for similar oil & gas, utility and defense customers, though at much larger scale.
- Schneider Electric: Global leader in UPS systems, power conversion, electrical distribution and industrial automation — closely comparable to EPEC's UPS and frequency-converter products, while also overlapping with Eram's industrial-services and facility-electrical contracting verticals.
- SEDCO Holding: Saudi family-controlled diversified group spanning industrial services, real estate, healthcare and trading — comparable as a privately held Saudi diversified industrial conglomerate, though Eram's power-electronics manufacturing and travel verticals are deeper specializations.
- Al Faisaliah Group: Saudi diversified conglomerate with interests in healthcare, food, advertising, plastics and industrial services — comparable diversified-services breadth within Saudi Arabia, though less focused on power electronics and aerospace than Eram's EPEC vertical.
Market position
Strengths5 records
Weaknesses5 records
Competitive moat7 records
Key risks6 records
Key highlights7 records
Customer concentration
Eram Holdings social profiles
Digital presenceEram Holdings compliance and trust
Trust signalCompliance10 records
Eram Holdings financial estimates
Financial estimateRevenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Eram Holdings leadership team
Management profileNumber of profiles
Profiles6 records
Eram Holdings subsidiaries and ownership
Company hierarchySubsidiaries32 records
Eram Holdings funding detail
Funding detailFunding overview
Funding rounds
Investors
Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Eram Holdings M&A and investment
M&A and investmentM&A
Investments
M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Frequently asked questions about Eram Holdings
What does Eram Holdings do?
Eram Holdings is a multi-vertical holding company operating 40+ businesses across nine verticals including power electronics manufacturing (EPEC), corporate travel management (ITL World), automotive dealership (Eram Motors), healthcare services (Dar As Sihha), IT/SAP consulting (Orionedge), industrial support services, real estate, training/skill development, and food processing. The conglomerate manufactures power electronics (UPS, lithium batteries, battery chargers, frequency converters) for defense, oil & gas, telecom, airports, and utilities clients, while also delivering enterprise services across engineering, EPC, travel management, healthcare, automotive, and vocational training.
Is Eram Holdings a public or private company?
Eram Holdings is a private company. It is classified as family owned and is currently operating.
When was Eram Holdings founded?
Eram Holdings was founded in 1990. It employs 5,001 to 10,000 people.
Where is Eram Holdings based?
Eram Holdings is headquartered in Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia, in the Middle East region.
How does Eram Holdings make money?
Ten revenue lines are on record. Power Electronics & Manufacturing (EPEC/APEC) is the primary driver. The others are travel Management & MICE Services (ITL World), IT Consulting & SAP Services (Orionedge), healthcare Services (Dar As Sihha), automotive Dealership (Eram Motors), trading & Distribution (Gulf Mashariq / KAKU), food Processing & Export (Foodco Delicacies), skill Development & Training (Eram Skills Academy / ESPOIR), industrial Support Services & Equipment Rental (United ARK) and real Estate & Investments (Eram Properties Network).
Who are Eram Holdings's main competitors?
Direct peers on record are Vertiv Holdings, BCD Travel, Corporate Travel Management (CTM), Abdul Latif Jameel, Al Rajhi Holding Group and Al Futtaim Group. Broad incumbents are ABB, Schneider Electric, SEDCO Holding and Al Faisaliah Group.
Does Eram Holdings have an API?
Yes. Tripmakers Partner Network (an ITL World Company) delivers advanced travel technology solutions, empowering travel agents and businesses with seamless booking tools, including a powerful API, smart rule engine, and intuitive agent platform. From flight search to dynamic pricing, Tripmakers simplifies travel bookings while helping partners drive sales and reach targeted travelers effectively. Developer documentation is at tripmakerspartnernetwork.com.
What industry is Eram Holdings in?
Eram Holdings's product category is Diversified Industrial Conglomerate. Its primary akta.pro industry code is BPAEAOAI, Endpoint & Mobile Asset Management (UEM/MDM Asset Controls), with a secondary code of BPAEABAF, Endpoint & Device Management (UEM/MDM) Services. Its NAICS code is 33411 and its SIC code is 3600.