Rebellions

What Rebellions does

Rebellions is a fabless AI semiconductor company founded in 2020 and headquartered in Seongnam, South Korea, that designs inference-optimized neural processing units (NPUs) for data center and enterprise AI workloads. The company's product portfolio spans three generations: the first-generation ATOM family (RBLN-CA02/CA22/CA25) manufactured on Samsung 5nm; the second-generation Rebel100, a four-homogeneous-chiplet SoC using UCIe-Advanced interconnects with 144GB HBM3E delivering 2,048 TFLOPS FP8 at up to 600W; and the third-generation Rebel-Quad, an industry-first quad-chiplet NPU achieving 2 FP8 PFLOPS at 600W using four 320mm² Samsung SF4X dies, presented at ISSCC 2026 and demonstrated live at Hot Chips 2025. Rebellions has vertically integrated its silicon into RebelServer (5U, 8x RebelCards delivering 2 PFLOPS FP8), RebelRack, and RebelPOD rack-scale systems, complemented by a full software stack (RBLN SDK) including the RBLN Compiler, Compute Library, Runtime, Driver, Firmware, a PyTorch-native inference engine, the vllm-rbln plugin (with OpenAI-compatible endpoints), and a 300+ model zoo spanning LLMs, generative AI, vision, speech, and physical AI workloads. The company monetizes through direct hardware sales (Rebel100/ATOM chips and RebelServer/RebelRack/RebelPOD rack-scale platforms), bundled 3-year hardware/software support, and vertical-specific solution deployments via implementation partners, with quote-based custom enterprise pricing and no public SKUs. Customers include hyperscalers, telecom operators, governments, and enterprises across Korea, the US, Japan, and the MENA region, with named deployments at SK Telecom, Saudi Aramco, KT Cloud, KB Financial, Mongolian Customs, ECOPEACE (UAE), IGLOO, KOLON BENIT, and Superb AI.

Rebellions has raised $850 million cumulatively across multiple rounds, with its Series C ($250M, September 2025, $1.4B valuation) led by Arm and Samsung Ventures, and its pre-IPO round ($400M, March 2026, ~$2.34B valuation) co-led by Mirae Asset Financial Group and the Korea National Growth Fund under the "K-Nvidia" initiative. The company merged with SK Telecom-backed Sapeon Korea in December 2024 to form Korea's first AI chip unicorn, established subsidiaries in Japan (February 2025), Saudi Arabia (August 2025), and the US (November 2025), and appointed JPMorgan as global lead underwriter for a planned Seoul IPO targeted for late 2026 or early 2027. Channel and OEM partnerships include Tomen Devices, Giga Computing, Pegatron, Red Hat (OpenShift AI), CoAsia SEMI, Marvell, and Credo Technology, alongside strategic alliances with Arm, Samsung Foundry, and SK Hynix for chiplet architecture, HBM co-design, and 2nm AI CPU development.

Name

Rebellions

Legal name

Rebellions Inc.

Website

https://rebellions.ai

Company type

Private

Founded year

2020

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

251–500 employees

Short description

Rebellions is a South Korean fabless AI semiconductor company that designs chiplet-based neural processing units (NPUs) for data center AI inference, serving hyperscalers, telecom operators, and enterprises across Korea, the US, Japan, and the MENA region.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Product category

AI Inference Accelerators (NPU Semiconductors)

NAICS

Computer Systems Design and Related Services (54151), Computer Systems Design Services (541512)

SIC

Services-Computer Integrated Systems Design (7373)

akta.pro primary industry

Compute & Acceleration ICs (CPU/GPU/AI/FPGA/ASIC) (HDAHABAC)

akta.pro secondary industries

AI Accelerators (GPUs/TPUs/NPUs/ASICs) (HDAAAAAA), AI Hardware IP & Chiplet/Packaging for Accelerators (EDA/IP, advanced packaging) (HDAAAAAL)

Keywords

• AI inference accelerators
• NPU semiconductors
• Chiplet-based AI chips
• Rack-scale AI infrastructure
• Data center inference systems

Headquarters

HQ city

Seongnam

HQ country

South Korea

HQ region

Asia

Offices5 records

Markets served

GTM type

B2B

Offering type

Hardware or Manufacturing

Cost components

Technology or R&D, Personnel, Supply Chain, Marketing or Sales, Operations, Infrastructure

Revenue model

1. Hardware sales (NPU chips and accelerators): Direct sale of NPU silicon products — ATOM (RBLN-CA02, ATOM-Max), Rebel100, and the Rebel-Quad chiplet platform — to enterprise and government customers, with RebelServer 5U platforms shipping with 8 RebelCards each.
2. Integrated rack-scale AI infrastructure (RebelRack, RebelPOD): Vertically integrated, fully deployable AI infrastructure platforms built on Rebel100 NPU sold as production-ready data center solutions, extending the offering beyond silicon into rack-scale systems.
3. Software and SDK (RBLN SDK): Sale and licensing of RBLN SDK, RBLN Compiler, runtime modules, and developer tooling to enable customers to deploy AI inference on Rebellions hardware with vLLM, PyTorch, Triton, and Hugging Face integration.
4. Hardware support and maintenance services: RebelServer ships with 3-year business standard hardware and software support bundled, providing recurring service revenue.
5. Vertical-domain AI solution deployments (LegalTech, customs, healthcare, etc.): Domain-specific full-stack AI solutions combining Rebellions NPU with partner AI models (e.g., PlutoLM with Wert Intelligence for patent analytics; Rebellions ATOM with on-premise appliances for IGLOO SOC).

Pricing tiers

Go-to-market motion5 records

Distribution channels7 records

Marketing channels7 records

Core offering

Rebellions designs and sells fabless AI inference NPU chips (Rebel100, ATOM-Max) and vertically integrated rack-scale AI infrastructure systems (RebelServer, RebelRack, RebelPOD) for data center deployments. Its chips use a chiplet-based architecture with UCIe-Advanced interconnects, HBM3E memory, and mixed-precision FP8/FP16 engines, targeted at large language model inference workloads. The company also provides the RBLN SDK software stack for deploying PyTorch, TensorFlow, Hugging Face, and vLLM models on its hardware.

Product overview

Rebellions offers a vertically integrated AI inference platform spanning from silicon to system, purpose-built for energy-efficient, high-performance inference at scale. The portfolio is anchored by the Rebel100™ NPU — a chiplet-based accelerator using UCIe-Advanced and 144GB HBM3E — which is offered as the RebelCard™ module and integrated into the RebelServer™ (5U, 8x RebelCard), the RebelRack™ rack-scale system, and the RebelPOD™ AI cluster. The previous-generation ATOM™-Max chip (RBLN-CA25) is delivered through the ATOM™-Max Server and ATOM™-Max POD systems. All hardware is supported by the Rebellions SDK (RBLN SDK) software stack — including the RBLN Compiler, Runtime, Compute Library, Driver, and Firmware — and the Rebellions Scalable Design (RSD) framework for distributed multi-NPU inference. The 300+ model RBLN Model Zoo, native vLLM/PyTorch/TensorFlow/Hugging Face support, and the vllm-rbln plugin (with OpenAI-compatible API) complete the developer-facing layer.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

• Rebel100: Chiplet-based AI inference accelerator featuring 4-homogeneous-chiplet SoC with UCIe-Advanced, HBM3E 144GB, up to 2,048 TFLOPS FP8 performance
• RebelServer
• RebelRack
• RebelPOD
• ATOM
• ATOM-Max Server
• ATOM-Max POD
• Rebellions SDK
• RebelCard

Products and services

• Rebel100 Second-generation AI inference NPU featuring a 4-homogeneous-chiplet SoC based on UCIe-Advanced, with 1,024 TFLOPS FP16 / 2,048 TFLOPS FP8 performance, 144GB HBM3E at 4.8TB/s, 16Gbps UCIe-A chiplet interface, 2x PCIe Gen5 x16 host interface, and up to 600W power. Designed for frontier LLM serving for enterprise data centers and hyperscale AI labs.
• RebelCard Module-type card built on the Rebel 100 NPU, designed to deliver GPU-class performance with superior power efficiency for large-scale AI data centers. Integrated into Arm AGI CPU servers and Giga Computing's server platforms.
• RebelServer 5U server system with 8x RebelCard (each powered by a Rebel100 chip) delivering up to 2 PFLOPS FP8 performance. Built on 2x AMD EPYC 9355 CPUs, 1.5TB DDR5 memory, 4x 400G QSFP112-DD networking, 6x 2700W PSU, with typical power draw 4-6kW. Ships with 3-year hardware and software support. Native integration with vLLM, PyTorch, and Triton.
• RebelRack Rack-scale AI inference system built on the Rebel100 NPU, designed to improve data center efficiency by reducing power use and deployment costs. Production-ready for enterprise data centers with Kubernetes and PyTorch integration.
• RebelPOD Fully deployable, vertically integrated AI cluster platform built on the chiplet-based Rebel100 NPU, extending Rebellions' offerings into production-ready data center solutions. Includes Credo ZeroFlap active electrical cables for stable, high-performance connectivity.
• ATOM-Max (RBLN-CA25) Previous-generation AI accelerator delivering 128 TFLOPS FP16 and up to 512 TOPS INT8 / 1024 TOPS INT4, with 1024GB/s bandwidth via 64GB GDDR6, PCIe Gen5 x16 host interface, air cooling (passive), 350W max power, in FHFL dual-slot form factor.
• ATOM-Max Server

Quantifiable outcome

• 2x performance-per-watt vs GPUs in UAE water purification deployment (ECOPEACE) — TTA certified
• +10 more outcomes

Named customers12 records

Ideal customer profiles4 records

Technology focussed Yes

API detail

Has API

Yes

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Integration13 records

AI capability14 records

Feature12 records

Partnerships

30 partnerships are on record, tiered core, flagship / core, minor and major prospects.

• Giga Computing (GIGABYTE subsidiary)coreOEM/ Whitelabel/ Licensing Partner · 17 June 2026MOU signed at Computex 2026 in Taipei to jointly develop next-generation AI server and rack-scale solutions based on RebelCard, with a focus on sovereign AI. Combines Rebellions' chip technology with Giga Computing's server platform and global infrastructure network.
• KB Financial GroupcoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 27 May 2026Strategic MOU to develop next-generation AI financial infrastructure in Seoul. Rebellions provides AI chip inference technology; KB Financial supports AI use cases and ecosystem. KB Investment participated in Series A (2022) and KB Securities in Series B.
• Credo Technology GroupcoreTechnology or Integration · 20 May 2026Collaboration to integrate Credo's ZeroFlap active electrical cables into RebelPOD high-performance AI cluster for enterprise AI inference workloads, eliminating intermittent link disruptions and improving uptime.
• SK Telecomflagship / coreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 10 April 2026Deploying Rebellions NPU in "A.", Korea's largest LLM service (first large-scale NPU deployment in a real AI application). Strategic MOU to integrate RebelCard into Arm AGI CPU server and validate in SKT's AI Data Center. SKT is also a strategic investor.
• Red HatcoreTechnology or Integration · 11 December 2025Integration of Rebellions' NPUs into Red Hat OpenShift AI platform combined with vLLM inference engine. Rebellions, Red Hat, and Kolon Benit plan joint seminars and consulting. Enables enterprise distribution via Red Hat's open ecosystem.
• Tomen DevicescoreChannel Partner/ Reseller/ Distributor · 14 October 2025MOU signed to enter Japan's AI inference market leveraging Tomen Devices' distribution network.
• Saudi Aramco (Wa'ed Ventures)flagship / coreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 20 August 2025$14.4M strategic investment from Aramco's venture arm Wa'ed Ventures; Rebellions established a Riyadh MENA HQ to supply AI chips to Aramco's AI data centers; in discussions with Saudi telecom and IT firms.
• Marvell TechnologycoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 29 July 2025Collaboration to offer high-performance, energy-efficient AI systems tailored for sovereign-backed AI initiatives across APAC and the Middle East. Rebellions designs customer-specific AI accelerators using Marvell's custom platforms, advanced packaging, high-speed SerDes, and die-to-die interconnects.
• CoAsia SEMIcoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 29 July 2025Joint development agreement to develop next-generation AI chiplet and server software solutions for data centers, building on Rebellions' REBEL architecture with CoAsia SEMI's 2.5D silicon interposer and packaging technologies. Mass production planned for US, Europe, and Japan by end of 2026.
• PegatroncoreOEM/ Whitelabel/ Licensing Partner · 8 November 2024Strategic partnership on AI hardware using Rebellions' chiplet-based accelerator, announced November 2024.
• Armflagship / coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerLong-running strategic alliance including joint AI chiplet technology development (2024), joining Arm Total Design (October 2025), strategic investment by Arm in Rebellions' Series C, and 3-party collaboration with SK Telecom integrating RebelCard into Arm AGI CPU server (April 2026). Arm AGI CPU is co-developed with Meta.
• Samsung Foundryflagship / coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerManufacturing and co-design partnership across multiple process nodes. ATOM manufactured on Samsung 5nm; Rebel-Quad on Samsung SF4X; co-design for 2nm AI CPU chiplet with ADTechnology and Arm. Samsung Ventures is also a Series C investor.
• SK Hynixflagship / coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerCo-design partnership for custom HBM memory including HBM4e for second-generation Rebel (144GB). Also a Series C investor and key supply chain partner for high-bandwidth memory.
• Sapeon Korea (SK Telecom subsidiary)flagship / coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerMerger completed in December 2024 forming Korea's first AI chip unicorn, combining Rebellions' NPU technology with SK Telecom-backed Sapeon. Unified Korean AI semiconductor capabilities and deepened HBM supply chain.
• KT / KT CloudcoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerFirst customer shipment of ATOM in May 2023; strategic investor; KT Cloud powers 3.45 PFLOPS computing infrastructure using Rebellions ATOM chip.
• SynopsyscoreTechnology or IntegrationEDA toolchain partner; Rebellions used Synopsys VCS, ZeBu, Virtualizer, and Verification Continuum to achieve full bring-up and live demo of Rebel-Quad in just 5 weeks after first silicon, with 95-98% accuracy in predicting actual silicon performance.
• ADTechnologycoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerCo-development partner with Arm, Samsung Foundry, and Rebellions on a 2nm AI CPU chiplet platform. Part of Project LeapFrog multi-vendor initiative.
• VESSL AIminorStrategic or Co-development PartnerMOU to build cloud infrastructure using domestically developed NPUs, combining Rebellions' NPU hardware with VESSL AI's orchestration platform to target physical AI workloads in robotics and smart manufacturing, plus Korea's public sector and overseas markets in MENA and Southeast Asia.
• OCP (Open Compute Project)coreTechnology or IntegrationMember of the Open Compute Project and participant in OCP Global Summit 2025 and OCP EMEA Summit 2026; contributes to chiplet and rack-scale standards for AI data centers.
• KOLON BENITcoreImplementation/ SI/ Consulting PartnerMOU to build AI Vision Intelligence safety monitoring solution for construction sites using hybrid GPU-NPU infrastructure. Deployed at KOLON GLOBAL construction sites with up to 50% lower power consumption and 45% less heat vs GPU servers.
• Wert IntelligencecoreImplementation/ SI/ Consulting PartnerMOU to build NPU-based full-stack solution for patent analytics combining Rebellions' ATOM NPU with Wert Intelligence's PlutoLM AI model and keywert service. Deployed on-premise at L&F for secondary battery cathode material patent analytics.
• Standard EnergyminorStrategic or Co-development PartnerPartnership to integrate Rebellions' NPUs (5x more power-efficient than GPUs) with Standard Energy's Vanadium Ion Battery (VIB) ESS for data center power delivery. Joint blueprint for sustainable AI infrastructure worldwide.
• Superb AIminorImplementation/ SI/ Consulting PartnerDeployed Superb AI's object recognition food detection model on Rebellions' NPU-based cloud service, achieving 2x FPS/W vs GPU-based cloud services.
• ECOPEACE (UAE)minorImplementation/ SI/ Consulting PartnerECOBOT autonomous water-purification robot solution in UAE powered by central Rebellions ATOM NPU server; achieved 2x performance-per-watt vs GPUs (TTA certified).
• IGLOO CorporationminorImplementation/ SI/ Consulting PartnerBuilt AiR (AI Road) NPU-based on-premise security appliance for SOCs using Rebellions NPU, achieving 1.6x better performance-per-watt vs GPUs and 50% lower power.
• SK Telecom (X Caliber veterinary imaging)coreImplementation/ SI/ Consulting PartnerSK Telecom's X Caliber AI veterinary imaging service fully migrated inference infrastructure from GPUs to Rebellions' ATOM NPU — first large-scale subscription-based AI service (~1,000 veterinary clinics) operating entirely on NPU-only infrastructure.
• SKT Consortium (Krafton, 42dot, Selectstar, Liner, Seoul National University, KAIST)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerConsortium selected by Korea's Ministry of Science and ICT for the "Proprietary AI Foundation Model" project; Rebellions contributes NPU hardware to develop a national AI model.
• Penguin SolutionsminorStrategic or Co-development PartnerStrategic collaboration initiative to advance global AI data center ecosystem (with SK Telecom).
• DOCOMO InnovationscoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerThree-way partnership with SK Telecom and DOCOMO Innovations to accelerate next-gen AI infrastructure for telecom operators (April 2025).
• Meta and xAI (target customers)major prospectsOthersRebellions is targeting major U.S. AI labs (Meta and xAI) as customers for its Rebel100 NPU and RebelServer systems; plans to scale production of Rebel100 to meet this demand.

Scale indicators14 records

Recent moves4 records

Expansion highlights8 records

Direct peers

• Groq: Groq builds LPU inference accelerators purpose-built for low-latency LLM serving, the same core use case as Rebellions' Rebel/ATOM NPUs. Both target production AI inference with an emphasis on deterministic latency and TCO advantages over Nvidia GPUs.
• FuriosaAI: FuriosaAI is Rebellions' closest Korean peer, developing RNGD AI accelerators for LLM inference and selected alongside Rebellions for Korea's K-Perf benchmark. Both compete for Korean sovereign AI customers and government-backed deployments.
• Cerebras Systems: Cerebras builds wafer-scale AI accelerators (WSE) used for both training and inference at hyperscaler and enterprise customers. Comparable to Rebellions as a fabless AI chip startup offering an alternative to Nvidia for large-model workloads.
• SambaNova Systems: SambaNova develops RDU-based AI accelerators (SN40L) targeting enterprise and government LLM inference and training. Competes head-to-head with Rebellions in the inference-optimized AI accelerator category and on enterprise/government RFPs.
• Tenstorrent: Tenstorrent designs RISC-V-based AI accelerators and chiplet-based systems for training and inference, positioning itself as a fabless Nvidia alternative. Comparable to Rebellions in targeting hyperscalers and sovereign AI customers with chiplet-based NPU architecture.

Emerging players

• Hailo: Hailo builds edge-AI inference accelerators (Hailo-8, Hailo-15) used in cameras, automotive, and industrial applications. Adjacent to Rebellions' physical AI / on-prem appliance use cases (e.g., IGLOO, KOLON BENIT, ECOPEACE) but focused on the edge rather than data center.

Broad incumbents

• Marvell Technology: Marvell provides custom-silicon platforms, advanced packaging, high-speed SerDes, and die-to-die interconnects used in hyperscale AI accelerators. Marvell is also a direct collaborator with Rebellions for sovereign AI customers in APAC and MENA, making it both an enabler and a competing custom-silicon option.
• NVIDIA: Nvidia is the dominant GPU provider (H100, H200, B100/B200, GB200) for AI training and inference with the entrenched CUDA software stack. Rebellions explicitly positions its NPUs as a power-efficient Nvidia alternative, and Nvidia's roadmap and pricing directly set the competitive bar.
• AMD: AMD's Instinct MI300/MI325 GPUs and ROCm software target the same AI inference workloads as Rebellions' NPUs, and AMD EPYC CPUs are used inside RebelServer. AMD is a more direct competing accelerator vendor but with a much broader portfolio.

Others

• Sapeon Korea (now part of Rebellions): Sapeon Korea was the SK Telecom-backed AI chip subsidiary that merged into Rebellions in December 2024 to form Korea's first AI chip unicorn. Pre-merger it was a direct Korean NPU peer; the combined entity now consolidates domestic inference-silicon IP and SK Hynix HBM access.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat7 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

• Xx.com/Rebellions_inc
• GitHubgithub.com/rebellions-sw
• YouTubeyoutube.com/@RebellionsInc
• Facebookfacebook.com/rebellions.inc
• LinkedInlinkedin.com/company/rebellions-ai

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Profiles6 records

Subsidiaries3 records

Funding overview

Funding rounds8 records

Investors49 records

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A1 record

Investments1 record

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Rebellions