Factorial Energy
Factorial Energy develops lithium-metal solid-state battery cells (FEST® and Solstice™) supported by a proprietary AI/ML digital twin (Gammatron™), serving major automotive OEMs including Mercedes-Benz, Stellantis, Hyundai, and Kia, with emerging aerospace exposure via Avidrone Aerospace.
- Company typePublic
- Founded2021
- HeadquartersWoburn, United States
- Headcount51–100
- GTM typeB2B
- OfferingHardware or Manufacturing
What Factorial Energy does
Factorial Energy is a developer of lithium-metal solid-state battery cells, founded in 2019 around Cornell-derived research, focused on automotive and emerging aerospace electrification. The company's core technology stack centers on two cell platforms: FEST®, a quasi-solid-state lithium-metal cell with a polymer-based electrolyte currently being validated by multiple OEMs, and Solstice™, an all-solid-state platform introduced in September 2024 targeting higher energy density and improved safety. A proprietary AI/ML digital twin called Gammatron™, launched in June 2025, sits atop both platforms to support predictive cell-health modeling, fast-charge optimization, electrolyte development, and process automation.
The company operates a partnership-driven, pre-revenue business model targeting major automotive OEMs as anchor customers. Four OEMs — Mercedes-Benz, Stellantis, Hyundai, and Kia — are publicly disclosed partners, with Mercedes and Stellantis having co-led a $200M Series D (January 2022) and serving as equity holders. Karma Automotive has been named as a production customer targeting late-2027 vehicle integration, and Avidrone Aerospace is the first named commercial shipment partner for unmanned aerial applications. Pricing and contract structure are not publicly disclosed; monetization is expected to flow from cell sales, licensing, and joint-manufacturing arrangements once OEM programs transition from validation to production.
Factorial completed a SPAC business combination with Cartesian Growth Corporation III in June 2026, listing on Nasdaq under the ticker FAC with a reported $100M+ PIPE and roughly $1.3B equity value. Post-listing strategic capital inflows include investments from IQT, Philenergy, and POSCO Future M (March 2026), and the company has expanded its UAS footprint across three continents via partnerships with KULR, Tulip Tech, and JRES. The company remains in pre-revenue/commercialization stage, with first commercial shipments only beginning in 2025 and meaningful automotive production programs not expected until 2027.
Factorial Energy firmographics
Firmographics- Name
- Factorial Energy
- Legal name
- Factorial Energy Inc.
- Website
- http://www.factorialenergy.com
- Company type
- Public
- Founded year
- 2021
- Operating status
- Ipo
- Headcount range
- 51–100 employees
- Short description
- Factorial Energy develops lithium-metal solid-state battery cells (FEST® and Solstice™) supported by a proprietary AI/ML digital twin (Gammatron™), serving major automotive OEMs including Mercedes-Benz, Stellantis, Hyundai, and Kia, with emerging aerospace exposure via Avidrone Aerospace.
- Ownership category
- akta.pro rank
Factorial Energy industry classification
Industry- Product category
- Solid-State Battery Cells
- NAICS
- Battery Manufacturing (33591), Battery Manufacturing (335910)
- SIC
- Electronic & Other Electrical Equipment (No Computer Equip) (3600)
- akta.pro primary industry
- Solid-State Battery Materials & Cell Manufacturing (EUAFABAH)
- akta.pro secondary industries
- Battery Pack Manufacturing & Module Assembly (EUAFABAI), Battery Management Systems (BMS) & Pack Electronics Manufacturing (EUAFABAJ), Battery Pack & Module Manufacturing (EV) (IMACACAA), Battery Cell Manufacturing (EV) (IMACACAB)
Keywords
Where Factorial Energy is headquartered
LocationHeadquarters
- HQ city
- Woburn
- HQ country
- United States
- HQ region
- North America
Offices1 record
Markets served
Factorial Energy business model
Business model- GTM type
- B2B
- Offering type
- Hardware or Manufacturing
- Cost components
- Technology or R&D, Personnel, Supply Chain, Operations, Infrastructure, Marketing or Sales
Revenue model
- Battery cell and technology sales: Primary revenue stream is expected to come from sale of Factorial's proprietary solid-state battery cells and packs to automotive OEMs and downstream integrators, supported by joint development agreements and offtake-style supply arrangements with partners such as Mercedes-Benz, Stellantis, Hyundai, Kia, and Karma Automotive.
- Technology licensing and co-development: Secondary revenue stream anticipated from licensing of Factorial's FEST®, Solstice™, and Gammatron™ IP and from co-development arrangements with automotive OEMs, materials suppliers (POSCO Future M, LG Chem), and recycling partners (SungEel, Young Poong).
Pricing tiers
| Model | Billing | Price |
|---|---|---|
| Other | — | Quote-based / custom negotiated pricing |
Go-to-market motion2 records
Distribution channels2 records
Marketing channels3 records
Factorial Energy product offering
Product offeringCore offering
Factorial Energy develops and manufactures next-generation solid-state lithium-metal battery cells built on its proprietary FEST® quasi-solid-state and Solstice™ all-solid-state electrolyte platforms, with cells validated at 375 Wh/kg, fast-charge capability, and up to 80% drop-in compatibility with existing lithium-ion manufacturing lines. Its offering is supported by Gammatron™, an internal AI/ML digital twin platform used to accelerate battery R&D, and is sold/co-developed with global automotive OEMs and downstream integrators across EVs, drones, defense, and robotics applications.
Product overview
Factorial Energy operates a platform-plus-modules product architecture centered on solid-state battery technology. Its core offerings are FEST®, a quasi-solid-state lithium-metal battery platform for near-term automotive and mobility applications, and Solstice™, an all-solid-state sulfide-based battery platform manufactured via a proprietary dry coating process. Both are underpinned by Gammatron™, an AI/ML digital twin platform that accelerates cell chemistry, electrolyte, and BMS development, and is also offered to support product R&D services and validation workflows. This platform supports multiple target applications including electric vehicles, aviation/drones, defense, AI computing/robotics, energy storage, and space/aircraft.
Differentiator
Problem solved
Functional benefit
Brands
- FEST®: Trademarked technology platform associated with Factorial's solid-state battery offering.
- Solstice™
- Gammatron™
Products and services
- FEST® (Factorial Electrolyte System Technology) Quasi-solid-state lithium-metal battery platform combining a lithium-metal anode, quasi-solid polymer electrolyte, and high-capacity cathode for automotive, drone, defense, and energy storage applications.
- Solstice™ All-solid-state battery platform using a sulfide-based solid electrolyte and a proprietary dry coating process, targeting higher energy density and stable operation at elevated temperatures.
- Gammatron™ AI and machine learning digital twin platform that accelerates battery R&D, supports electrolyte and cell design iteration, predictive cell health modeling, fast charge optimization, and BMS development.
- FEST® R&D and Product Testing Services Customizable research, design, and product testing services offered alongside Factorial's FEST® cell technology to help customers meet specific battery specifications.
Quantifiable outcome
- 375 Wh/kg cell-level energy density
- +2 more outcomes
Companies that use Factorial Energy
Customer profileNamed customers6 records
Segments3 records
Ideal customer profiles3 records
Factorial Energy technology and API
TechnologyTechnology focussed Yes
API detail
- Has API
- No
- API docs
- API detail
Core technology
AI maturity
App detail
AI capability5 records
Feature3 records
Factorial Energy partnerships and signals
Strategic signalPartnerships
15 partnerships are on record, tiered flagship, core and supporting.
- Mercedes-BenzflagshipStrategic automotive OEM partner and investor of Factorial Energy. Co-developing solid-state battery cells and integrating them into Mercedes-Benz EV platforms; also a named capital backer.
- StellantisflagshipStrategic automotive OEM partner and investor. Joint development agreement to integrate Factorial solid-state cells into Stellantis brand vehicles.
- HyundaiflagshipStrategic automotive OEM partner and investor co-developing Factorial cells for Hyundai's next-generation EV programs.
- KiaflagshipStrategic automotive OEM partner and investor co-developing Factorial cells for Kia's next-generation EV programs.
- POSCO Future McoreStrategic materials supplier and investor partnership supporting Factorial's cathode and battery materials supply chain and scaling of solid-state cell production.
- LG ChemcoreStrategic co-development partnership with a major Korean battery materials supplier to advance Factorial's solid-state cell technology and supply chain.
- PhilenergycoreManufacturing and strategic partner supporting Factorial's cell production operations, including overseas pilot production.
- Karma AutomotivecoreOEM customer and integration partner deploying Factorial's solid-state cells in Karma vehicles.
- KULR Technology GroupcoreStrategic partnership integrating Factorial cells into KULR's battery solutions for aerospace, drone, and defense applications.
- SungEelsupportingRecycling partner collaborating with Factorial on end-of-life battery recycling and circular-economy initiatives for solid-state cells.
- Young PoongsupportingRecycling partner supporting closed-loop materials recovery for Factorial's solid-state battery technology.
- Tulip Tech B.VsupportingStrategic co-development partner working with Factorial on battery technology applications.
- JRES (JR Energy Solution)supportingStrategic partner supporting Factorial's solid-state battery development and commercialization efforts.
- Avidrone AerospacesupportingTechnology integration partner integrating Factorial solid-state cells into drone and aerospace platforms.
- Dieter ZetschesupportingFormer Chairman of Daimler AG; serves as an investor and Senior Advisor on Factorial's Board of Directors.
Scale indicators8 records
Recent moves9 records
Expansion highlights5 records
Factorial Energy competitors and assessment
Company assessmentDirect peers
- QuantumScape: QuantumScape is a publicly listed (NYSE: QS) solid-state lithium-metal battery developer partnered with Volkswagen/PowerCo. It is the most direct comparable to Factorial: same solid-state Li-metal chemistry focus, same automotive-OEM design-in strategy, and same pre-revenue commercialization stage.
- Solid Power: Solid Power (Nasdaq: SLDP) develops sulfide-based all-solid-state battery cells and is partnered with BMW, Ford, Stellantis, and SK On. Like Factorial, it targets automotive OEMs with drop-in-compatible solid-state cells and is in a pre-commercial stage with public SPAC-IPO history.
- SES AI (SolidEnergy Systems): SES AI (NYSE: SES) is a developer of hybrid lithium-metal batteries for EVs, partnered with GM, Honda, Hyundai-Kia, and others. It overlaps with Factorial on the Li-metal anode approach and OEM co-development model, with shared Korean OEM relationships.
Emerging players
- ProLogium Technology: ProLogium is a private Taiwan-based all-solid-state battery developer with European gigafactory plans and reported engagements with Mercedes-Benz and other OEMs. It is a comparable emerging solid-state competitor targeting the same automotive design-in pipeline as Factorial.
- Amprius Technologies: Amprius (NYSE: AMPX) develops silicon-anode lithium-ion batteries with high energy density, targeting aviation, defense, and EV applications — overlapping Factorial's drone/aerospace customer segment and competing on energy-density performance.
- Microvast Holdings: Microvast (Nasdaq: MVST) is a commercial EV battery and component maker with operations across lithium-ion chemistries. It is a smaller-scale, publicly listed peer in the broader advanced-battery space and has overlapping commercial-vehicle and specialty-mobility customer segments.
Broad incumbents
- Toyota Motor Corporation: Toyota has the most aggressive publicly stated solid-state battery roadmap among major OEMs, targeting commercialization in the late 2020s. As a vertically integrated automotive incumbent, it represents the largest competitive threat — and a potential customer — for Factorial's solid-state cells.
- Samsung SDI: Samsung SDI is a major incumbent battery manufacturer actively developing solid-state batteries for EVs and supplying global OEMs. It competes with Factorial both as a cell supplier to shared customers and as a developer of competing solid-state technology.
- LG Energy Solution: LG Energy Solution is one of the world's largest lithium-ion battery makers and an active solid-state developer. It is both a competitor to Factorial and a strategic partner (LG Chem MOU) in materials and cell development.
- CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology): CATL is the world's largest battery manufacturer and is developing both condensed-state and solid-state technologies. As the dominant EV cell supplier globally, it sets competitive benchmarks on cost, scale, and timeline that any solid-state startup including Factorial must outperform.
Market position
Strengths5 records
Weaknesses5 records
Competitive moat5 records
Key risks6 records
Key highlights7 records
Customer concentration
Factorial Energy social profiles
Digital presenceFactorial Energy compliance and trust
Trust signalCompliance2 records
Factorial Energy financial estimates
Financial estimateRevenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Factorial Energy leadership team
Management profileNumber of profiles
Profiles10 records
Factorial Energy funding detail
Funding detailFunding overview
Funding rounds6 records
Investors10 records
Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Factorial Energy M&A and investment
M&A and investmentM&A
Investments
M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Frequently asked questions about Factorial Energy
What does Factorial Energy do?
Factorial Energy develops and manufactures next-generation solid-state lithium-metal battery cells built on its proprietary FEST® quasi-solid-state and Solstice™ all-solid-state electrolyte platforms, with cells validated at 375 Wh/kg, fast-charge capability, and up to 80% drop-in compatibility with existing lithium-ion manufacturing lines. Its offering is supported by Gammatron™, an internal AI/ML digital twin platform used to accelerate battery R&D, and is sold/co-developed with global automotive OEMs and downstream integrators across EVs, drones, defense, and robotics applications.
Is Factorial Energy a public or private company?
Factorial Energy is a public company. It is classified as public and is currently ipo.
When was Factorial Energy founded?
Factorial Energy was founded in 2021. It employs 51 to 100 people.
Where is Factorial Energy based?
Factorial Energy is headquartered in Woburn, United States, in the North America region.
How does Factorial Energy make money?
Two revenue lines are on record. Battery cell and technology sales are the primary driver. The others are technology licensing and co-development.
Who are Factorial Energy's main competitors?
Direct peers on record are QuantumScape, Solid Power and SES AI (SolidEnergy Systems). Emerging players are ProLogium Technology, Amprius Technologies and Microvast Holdings. Broad incumbents are Toyota Motor Corporation, Samsung SDI, LG Energy Solution and CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology).
Does Factorial Energy have an API?
No public API is recorded for Factorial Energy.
What industry is Factorial Energy in?
Factorial Energy's product category is Solid-State Battery Cells. Its primary akta.pro industry code is EUAFABAH, Solid-State Battery Materials & Cell Manufacturing, with a secondary code of EUAFABAI, Battery Pack Manufacturing & Module Assembly. Its NAICS code is 33591 and its SIC code is 3600.