National Grid

Name

National Grid

Legal name

National Grid plc

Website

https://nationalgrid.com

Company type

Public

Founded year

2005

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

5,001–10,000 employees

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Product category

Regulated Electric and Gas Utility Services

NAICS

Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution (2211), Electric Power Transmission, Control, and Distribution (22112), Electric Bulk Power Transmission and Control (221121), Natural Gas Distribution (22121)

SIC

Electric Services (4911), Natural Gas Transmisison & Distribution (4923)

akta.pro primary industry

HV Transmission Asset Owners (Transmission Companies/Transcos) (EUADAAAC)

akta.pro secondary industries

Electric Distribution System Owners (Wires-Only Companies) (EUADABAI), High-Voltage Electrical Systems (Switchgear, Transformers, Protection & Control) (EUAEAFAA), Substations, Transformers & Grid Step-Up Facilities (EHV Substations, GSU Transformers) (EUAMAFAE)

Keywords

• Electricity transmission networks
• Gas distribution services
• Grid modernization
• Regulated utility operations
• Energy infrastructure investment

Headquarters

HQ city

London

HQ country

United Kingdom

HQ region

Europe

Offices3 records

Markets served

GTM type

B2B and B2C

Offering type

Services

Cost components

Infrastructure, Operations, Personnel, Technology or R&D, Supply Chain, Marketing or Sales

Revenue model

1. Electricity Transmission: Regulated revenue from electricity transmission network in England and Wales under Ofgem RIIO-T3 framework. Charges based on regulated asset base and allowed returns.
2. Electricity Distribution: Regulated revenue from electricity distribution networks in UK (Midlands, South Wales, South West) under RIIO-ED2 framework. Network charges levied on suppliers.
3. Gas Transmission and Distribution: Regulated gas transmission and distribution in the UK, charging network operators for use of the gas network infrastructure.
4. US Electricity and Gas Networks: Regulated electricity and gas transmission and distribution across New York and New England (Massachusetts, Rhode Island). Revenue approved by state utility commissions.
5. National Grid Ventures - Interconnectors: Revenue from electricity interconnectors connecting UK to other countries (Nemo Link with Belgium, Viking Link with Denmark, Eastern Green Link, LionLink with Netherlands). Merchant or regulated revenue from cross-border electricity trade.

Pricing tiers

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels4 records

Marketing channels6 records

Core offering

National Grid owns and operates regulated electricity transmission and distribution networks, and gas transmission and distribution infrastructure, in the UK (England, Scotland, Wales) and northeastern United States (New York, Massachusetts, Rhode Island). The company delivers electricity and gas to millions of residential, commercial, and industrial customers through monopoly franchise territories under Ofgem RIIO frameworks (UK) and state utility commission regulations (US). It also develops electricity interconnectors, smart grid technologies, and AI-driven grid planning and asset management systems.

Product overview

National Grid operates as a critical energy infrastructure company with a dual-product architecture spanning both regulated transmission/distribution networks and technology-enabled services. The core business consists of Electricity Transmission and Electricity Distribution operations across the UK and US markets, delivering electricity and gas to millions of customers. The Great Grid Upgrade represents the company's major UK infrastructure modernization program, while the Upstate Upgrade ($4 billion initiative) and Massachusetts Grid Modernization address US infrastructure needs. Supporting the core infrastructure are technology divisions including National Grid Ventures (handling competitive transmission and interconnectors like Eastern Green Link 1&2, LionLink) and National Grid Partners (corporate venture arm investing in grid technology startups). Key technology products include Smart Meters deployed across US territories, Dynamic Line Rating Technology for grid optimization, and AI-powered systems for grid planning and asset management developed through partnerships with technology companies. The company also operates social programs through Grid for Good. This portfolio operates under regulatory frameworks (RIIO in UK) with substantial planned capital expenditure through 2030/31.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Products and services

• Electricity Transmission (UK) National Grid owns and operates the high-voltage electricity transmission network in England and Wales, managing the movement of power from generators to local distribution networks through overhead lines, underground cables, and substations. Regulated under Ofgem RIIO-T3 framework.
• Electricity Distribution (UK) National Grid Electricity Distribution operates the distribution network across the Midlands, South Wales and the South West, delivering electricity to end consumers through its DSO (Distribution System Operator) functions. Regulated under Ofgem RIIO-ED2 framework.
• National Grid in the US National Grid operates regulated electricity and gas transmission and distribution infrastructure across the northeastern US, serving New York and New England markets with power and gas delivery services to millions of customers (4.2 million in New York, 3.2 million in Massachusetts).
• The Great Grid Upgrade The Great Grid Upgrade is National Grid's major infrastructure modernization program to reinforce the UK's electricity transmission network, including new overhead lines, substations, and interconnectors to connect renewable energy sources and meet growing electricity demand.
• Upstate Upgrade A $4 billion infrastructure modernization initiative in Upstate New York encompassing more than 70 projects to transform energy networks and deliver reliable, resilient energy to 4.2 million customers, including replacement of aging transmission infrastructure and advanced technologies for severe weather resilience.
• Massachusetts Grid Modernization Building a smarter, stronger energy system for 3.2 million customers in Massachusetts through grid modernization initiatives including smart meter deployment, automation, and infrastructure upgrades.
• Smart Meters National Grid is deploying smart meters across its US service territories in the Northeastern United States, providing customers with near real-time electricity and gas usage data, remote meter reading, and automated outage detection capabilities.
• National Grid Ventures National Grid Ventures handles competitive electricity transmission, electricity interconnectors, and conventional generation operations, including projects like LionLink connecting the UK and Netherlands, and other international interconnector projects.
• National Grid Partners The corporate venture arm of National Grid that invests in and partners with technology startups to accelerate grid innovation, with investments in companies like GridCARE ($64m Series A participation).
• Eastern Green Link 2 A 2GW HVDC electrical superhighway cable link between Peterhead in Aberdeenshire, Scotland and Drax in North Yorkshire, England, spanning approximately 505 kilometers and powering approximately 2 million homes.
• LionLink A first-of-its-kind electricity link between the UK and the Netherlands, and a vital offshore wind interconnection being developed by National Grid Ventures and TenneT with expected capacity of 2 GW by early 2030s.
• London Power Tunnels A seven-year, £1 billion project to rewire South London via deep underground tunnels, scheduled for completion in 2027.
• Smart Path Connect A 100-mile (161 km) energy infrastructure project in New York developed jointly by NYPA and National Grid, now operational in North Country and Mohawk Valley, expected to generate annual savings of $438 million and power approximately 750,000 homes with 1,000 megawatts of clean renewable energy.
• Dynamic Line Rating Technology A five-year initiative to deploy dynamic line rating (DLR) technology across 585 kilometres of transmission lines in England and Wales, conducted in partnership with LineVision, Ampacimon, and Heimdall Power, potentially reducing consumer costs by up to £50 million by alleviating grid constraints.
• Engineering and Consultancy Solutions (ECS)

Quantifiable outcome

• Dynamic line rating technology projected to reduce consumer costs by up to £50 million
• +4 more outcomes

Named customers4 records

Segments4 records

Ideal customer profiles4 records

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API

No

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

AI capability14 records

Feature6 records

Partnerships

Eleven partnerships are on record, tiered core and major.

• Keen AIcoreTechnology or Integration · 1 June 2026National Grid and Keen AI awarded £355,985 in Ofgem Strategic Innovation Fund Alpha-phase funding to develop FoSMo, Britain's first shared AI system for electricity network asset management. The project unites all of Great Britain's transmission operators (National Grid, SP Energy Networks, SSEN Transmission) and distribution operators (UK Power Networks, Electricity North West) to pool anonymized data for a single AI model for monitoring physical assets. Projected to save industry £22.6 million over five years from 2027 and prevent 85,000 customer interruptions annually.
• Western Link 2 Public Consultation PartnerscoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 June 2026Public consultation launched in North Wales for Western Link 2, a new subsea electricity interconnector linking Scotland and Wales. Jointly developed by National Grid and ScottishPower Energy Networks, the project will span approximately 340 kilometers and carry up to 2 GW of electricity, enough to power around two million homes. First stage of consultation runs June 23 to July 21, 2026.
• Balfour BeattymajorImplementation/ SI/ Consulting Partner · 1 June 2026Balfour Beatty secured £121m ($160m) contract from National Grid to deliver an extension for the Bramford 400kV substation in Suffolk as part of the Bramford to Twinstead project. The four-year contract requires design and installation of extension connecting four additional circuits, including two new grid supply points and two new shunt reactors. Work commenced with completion expected in 2030, employing around 150 people including apprentices and graduates at peak times.
• Air Space Intelligence (ASI)coreTechnology or Integration · 1 May 2026Collaboration to deploy AI-powered decision support tools for electric grid planning and operations. ASI will fuse grid topology, asset, reliability, outage, forecasting, geospatial, and environmental data into a predictive world model to autonomously generate and evaluate planning scenarios. Supported by a grant from Massachusetts Clean Energy Center's Innovate Mass program. Focus areas include distributed energy resource siting, extreme weather resilience planning, and outage mapping capabilities.
• Balfour BeattymajorImplementation/ SI/ Consulting Partner · 1 May 2026Commissioned by National Grid to replace transmission wires on a 40km route between Mannington substation in East Dorset and Nursling substation in Southampton, covering 115 pylons. Works include reconductoring and steel structure refurbishment as part of major refurbishment programme from June to November 2026. A 120-tonne supergrid transformer was also delivered to Mannington substation.
• TenneTcoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 April 2026Joint development agreement signed for LionLink, a first-of-its-kind electricity link between the UK and the Netherlands via an offshore wind farm. The project, launched in April 2023, aims to enhance cross-border electricity transfer and offshore wind utilization with expected capacity of 2 GW by early 2030s. LionLink will be a hybrid interconnector connecting both grids and an offshore wind farm.
• LineVision, Ampacimon, Heimdall PowercoreTechnology or Integration · 1 April 2026Partnership with LineVision, Ampacimon, and Heimdall Power for deployment of dynamic line rating (DLR) technology across 585 kilometres of transmission lines in England and Wales. Installations primarily in North East (345 km) and Humber/East Anglia (240 km) regions. The five-year initiative targets 39 circuits totaling over 900 km and could reduce consumer costs by up to £50 million by alleviating grid constraints.
• GridCAREcoreTechnology or Integration · 1 March 2026Partnership to accelerate large-load interconnections using GridCARE's AI Energize platform, which identifies latent grid capacity and temporal operating windows. The collaboration aims to reduce connection delays from years to 6-12 months, initially focusing on New York capacity. GridCARE is a Stanford-founded AI startup that uses physics-based AI to analyze utility networks and find grid headroom.
• Emerald AIcoreTechnology or Integration · 1 September 2025Successful proof-of-concept demonstration with Emerald AI and Nebius showing how AI factories can flex their power consumption to stabilize electrical grids. The Emerald AI Conductor Platform ramped down AI cluster power use during simulated demand surges, acting as a shock absorber while maintaining peak throughput for high-priority workloads. This technology enables faster grid connections for AI factories without waiting for infrastructure upgrades.
• NebiuscoreTechnology or Integration · 1 September 2025Partner in AI power-flexibility proof-of-concept demonstrating how AI factories can stabilize electrical grids. Nebius provided AI compute infrastructure for the demonstration with Emerald AI and National Grid, using UK's nationwide tea break demand spike as test scenario to show how AI workloads can flex power consumption.
• ScottishPower Energy NetworkscoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 September 2024Joint venture for Eastern Green Link 2 (EGL2), a 2GW HVDC electrical 'superhighway' cable link between Peterhead in Aberdeenshire, Scotland and Drax in North Yorkshire, England. Construction started September 2024, completion expected 2029. Also joint developers of Western Link 2, a new subsea electricity interconnector linking Scotland and Wales at up to 2 GW capacity over approximately 340 kilometers.

Scale indicators33 records

Recent moves7 records

Expansion highlights5 records

Direct peers

• Iberdrola: Iberdrola owns ScottishPower (SP Energy Networks), which directly competes with National Grid in UK electricity transmission and distribution. Both are global utilities with overlapping UK footprints and renewable energy strategies.
• SSE plc: SSE is a UK-headquartered energy utility with significant electricity transmission (SSEN Transmission) and distribution operations, directly competing with National Grid in the GB transmission market and serving overlapping UK customers.
• Con Edison: Con Edison is a New York-based regulated utility operating electricity and gas transmission and distribution in overlapping northeastern US territory, making it a direct geographic and business model peer to National Grid's US operations.
• Eversource Energy: Eversource is a New England-based regulated utility serving electricity and gas customers in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire - directly overlapping with National Grid's Massachusetts and Rhode Island service territories.
• UK Power Networks: UK Power Networks is the largest UK electricity distribution network operator, serving London, the South East, and East of England. A direct competitor to National Grid Electricity Distribution under the same RIIO-ED2 regulatory framework.
• SP Energy Networks: SP Energy Networks (part of Iberdrola/ScottishPower) operates electricity transmission and distribution networks in Scotland, England, and Wales. A direct GB transmission and distribution peer, joint venture partner on Eastern Green Link 2.
• Avangrid: Avangrid (owned by Iberdrola) operates regulated electric and gas utilities in New York and New England, directly overlapping with National Grid's US service territories in the northeastern United States.

Broad incumbents

• Duke Energy: Duke Energy is one of the largest US regulated electric utilities serving the Southeast. While not in National Grid's territory, it shares the same regulated wires-and-pipes business model with similar regulatory and capex execution dynamics.
• Dominion Energy: Dominion Energy is a major US regulated utility with significant transmission infrastructure in the eastern US, comparable in scale and business model to National Grid's US operations but operating in a different geographic region.
• EDF Energy: EDF Energy operates in UK electricity generation and supply, including nuclear power stations. While focused on generation rather than wires-only T&D like National Grid, it is a major UK energy infrastructure peer with similar regulatory exposure.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat4 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

• LinkedInlinkedin.com/company/national-grid
• Xx.com/nationalgriduk

Compliance2 records

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Profiles8 records

Subsidiaries6 records

Funding overview

Funding rounds6 records

Investors5 records

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A6 records

Investments11 records

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about National Grid