JD.com

What JD.com does

JD.com, founded in 2004 and headquartered in Beijing, is China's largest retailer by revenue, generating US$187.2 billion in 2025 net revenues across a hybrid direct-sales and third-party marketplace model. The company serves over 700 million annual active customers through its JD.com online platform, mobile app (90%+ of orders via mobile), and a physical retail network of more than 10,000 outlets spanning JD MALL, JD Pharmacy, 7FRESH, JD Jiaobao supermarkets, JD Auto Service Stores, and instant-retail JD NOW. JD's core competitive differentiator is its vertically integrated supply chain, anchored by JD Logistics - managing over 1,600 owned warehouses with 34 million sqm of gross floor area (and 3,600+ warehouses including third-party cloud warehouses as of June 2025) plus international facilities across 23 countries - enabling same-day and next-day delivery in most Chinese cities.

The company operates through six core business segments with several independently listed subsidiaries: JD Retail (direct sales and marketplace), JD Logistics (HKEX: 2618, listed May 2021), JD Health (HKEX: 6618, listed December 2020), JD Technology (B2B technology services), JINGDONG Industrials (HKEX: 7618, industrial supply chain), and JD Property (asset management of 280+ logistics parks and data centers). International operations include Joybuy and Ochama in Europe, JD Cross-Border for international brand entry to China, and JD Global Sales reaching 36 countries through 11 hubs. Revenue is generated via direct product sales across 10M+ self-operated SKUs, marketplace commissions, B2B logistics services, technology/cloud services for 1,000+ financial institutions and 2,500+ large enterprises, healthcare subscriptions, and industrial supply chain solutions.

Technology is layered across all business units via AI (Jingxiaotong supply chain system, JD A2P2 autonomous agent payment protocol, computer vision, predictive analytics, NLP), with the 2026 618 festival marketed as 'the first AI-native shopping festival.' Workforce totals approximately 900,000 employees including 700,000 couriers, with the Nirvana Plan retraining delivery workers for robot maintenance roles at 80+ training bases and 120 partner schools. The company is also building a robotics ecosystem through the Smart Robot Industry Acceleration Plan (CNY 10B+ committed), RoboNow and Jishizu robot-leasing partnerships, and investments in DeepSeek, PaXini Tech, and RoboScience. JD is publicly traded on NASDAQ (ticker: JD) since May 2014 and HKEx (ticker: 9618) since June 2020, with founder Richard Liu serving as Chairman and CEO.

Name

JD.com

Legal name

JD.com, Inc.

Website

https://corporate.jd.com

Company type

Public

Founded year

2004

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

5,001–10,000 employees

Short description

JD.com is China's largest retailer by revenue, operating a hybrid direct-sales and marketplace e-commerce platform with vertically integrated logistics serving over 700 million annual active customers across retail, logistics, healthcare, technology, and industrial verticals.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Product category

E-commerce Retail

NAICS

Computing Infrastructure Providers, Data Processing, Web Hosting, and Related Services (51821), Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers (424210), Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (423840)

SIC

Retail-Catalog & Mail-Order Houses (5961), Wholesale-Durable Goods (5000), Wholesale-Groceries, General Line (5141)

akta.pro primary industry

E-commerce Fulfillment & Omnichannel Logistics (Pick/Pack/Returns) (TLAIAAAD)

akta.pro secondary industries

High-Value / Secure E-commerce Fulfillment (Electronics, Luxury) (TLAIADAI), Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) & FMCG (TLAIALAH)

Keywords

• E-commerce retail
• Supply chain logistics
• Online marketplace
• Cross-border commerce
• Digital retail platform

Headquarters

HQ city

Beijing

HQ country

China

HQ region

Asia

Offices7 records

Markets served

Offering type

Digital Commerce or Content

Cost components

Personnel, Operations, Infrastructure, Supply Chain, Technology or R&D, Marketing or Sales

Revenue model

1. JD Retail: JD Retail is China's largest retailer by revenue, generating revenue through direct sales of products across computers, electronics, mobile devices, home appliances, consumer goods, apparel, beauty products, fresh produce, and automotive services. The business operates with 10-million-level self-operated SKUs and a physical retail network of over 10,000 outlets.
2. JD Logistics: JD Logistics (HKEX: 2618) provides technology-driven supply chain solutions and logistics services to business clients and consumers. Listed on Hong Kong Stock Exchange in May 2021, it leverages nationwide logistics infrastructure with global reach serving various industries.
3. JD Technology: Provides technology services including AI, big data, cloud computing, and IoT solutions to private and public sector clients, helping businesses reduce supply chain costs and improve operational efficiency.
4. JD Health: JD Health (HKEX: 6618) is a leading healthcare products and services provider, focusing on pharmaceutical and healthcare product supply chain and online healthcare services for the Chinese market.
5. JD Industrials: JINGDONG Industrials (HKEX: 7618) delivers digital intelligent supply chain solutions across industrial manufacturing sectors, enabling data flow and goods movement optimization for enterprise clients.
6. JD Property: JDP manages modern infrastructure including logistics parks, business parks, and data centers. By end of 2025, managed over 280 modern infrastructure assets globally with total GFA exceeding 27 million square meters and asset management scale exceeding RMB 120 billion.
7. Marketplace Commission: JD.com operates a hybrid model combining direct sales with third-party marketplace. The marketplace generates commission revenue from third-party sellers.
8. International Business (Joybuy, JD Cross-Border): JD.com extends its ecosystem internationally through Joybuy in Europe (UK, Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg) and JD Cross-Border for cross-border e-commerce importing premium products to Chinese consumers.

Pricing tiers

Go-to-market motion4 records

Distribution channels7 records

Marketing channels5 records

Core offering

JD.com operates a technology and services enterprise with supply chain at its core, combining direct retail sales and a third-party marketplace across categories including electronics, home appliances, consumer goods, apparel, fresh produce, and automotive. It runs an owned logistics network of 1,600+ warehouses covering 34 million sqm, supports same-day and next-day delivery, and extends through subsidiaries for logistics (JD Logistics), technology services (JD Technology), healthcare (JD Health), industrial supply chain (JD Industrials), property (JD Property), and cross-border/international commerce (JD Cross-Border, JD Global Sales, JoyBuy, Ochama).

Product overview

JD.com operates as a technology and services enterprise with supply chain at its core, combining a hybrid direct sales and marketplace model across retail, technology, logistics, health, industrials, and property development. The core platform includes JD Retail (serving 700M+ customers with 10M+ SKUs) and JD Logistics (managing 3,600+ warehouses). Key sub-brands include JD NOW (instant delivery), JD Cross-Border and JD Global Sales (international expansion), JoyBuy (European marketplace), JD Health, JD Technology, JINGDONG Industrials, and JD Property. AI-powered modules include Jingxiaotong for supply chain optimization, Digital Human live streaming, and the Agent Autonomous Payment Protocol. The company is expanding into robotics through its Smart Robot Industry Acceleration Plan and humanoid robot deployment.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

• JD NOW: Instant retail service offering rapid delivery including nine-minute delivery for selected Apple products
• JD MALL
• JD E-Space
• City Flagship Stores
• JD Five Star Appliances
• 7FRESH
• JD Pharmacy
• JD Jiaobao
• JD Home Appliance Franchises
• JD Home
• JD Computer & Digital Specialty Stores
• JD Ehome
• JD Auto Service Stores
• JD Cross-Border Experience Stores
• JD Travel
• JD Home Services
• JD Jingxiaotong
• Kai Bo Food Supermarket

Products and services

• JD Retail China's largest retailer by revenue serving 700+ million annual active customers through a hybrid direct sales and marketplace model with 10-million-level self-operated SKUs spanning computers, electronics, home appliances, consumer goods, apparel, fresh produce, and automotive services.
• JD Logistics Technology-driven supply chain solutions and logistics services provider managing 3,600+ warehouses with over 34 million sqm of total area, offering warehousing, line-haul transportation, last-mile delivery, cold chain, and cross-border logistics for business clients and consumers across 23 countries.
• JD Health Leading healthcare products, services, and integrated solutions provider listed on HKEX, enhancing pharmaceutical and healthcare product supply chain and online healthcare services for lifelong healthcare needs of Chinese consumers.
• JD Technology Technology services for private and public sector clients using AI, big data, cloud computing, and IoT, serving 100 cities, over 1,000 financial institutions, over 2.5 million SMEs, over 2,500 large enterprises, and 500+ million individual users.
• JINGDONG Industrials Industrial supply chain technology and service provider enabling data-driven industrial manufacturing with digital infrastructure, serving enterprise clients across industrial sectors.
• JD Property (JDP) Modern infrastructure investment and asset management platform managing 280+ logistics parks, business parks, and data centers globally with 27 million sqm GFA and over RMB 120 billion in asset management scale.
• JD Cross-Border Cross-border e-commerce and duty-free retail platform leveraging JD's digitally intelligent supply chain through bonded or direct-mail models to help brands and merchants enter the Chinese market, with the 2025 '10 Billion Giga-Growth Plan' targeting 1,000 new international brands.
• JD Global Sales Extends JD.com's ecosystem internationally serving overseas Chinese consumers with curated premium products through 11 key hubs across 36 countries including Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines, Cambodia, US, and Australia.
• JoyBuy JD.com's European online retail business operating in UK, Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg, transitioning from a discount retailer to a curated marketplace model with warehouses in Milton Keynes and Luton.
• Ochama Europe-based one-stop omni-channel retailer offering full range of A-brand products with online orders available for pickup at dedicated points or home delivery, serving Netherlands and other European markets.
• JD NOW Instant retail and delivery service offering delivery within an hour and even nine minutes for selected products like Apple devices, combining daily necessities with dining, entertainment, and leisure experiences.

Quantifiable outcome

• 30-40% inventory turnover improvement through AI-powered supply chain
• +3 more outcomes

Named customers8 records

Segments6 records

Ideal customer profiles5 records

Technology focussed Yes

API detail

Has API

No

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Integration1 record

AI capability11 records

Feature5 records

Partnerships

Eight partnerships are on record, tiered core.

• JishizucoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 15 June 2026Comprehensive partnership with robot rental platform Jishizu to build full-link service system covering equipment leasing, global supply chain logistics, maintenance, insurance, recycling, and custom development. Marks JD.com's second partnership in the robot leasing sector within a month.
• RoboNowcoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 13 June 2026Comprehensive partnership with RoboNow (robot leasing platform and subsidiary of Shanghai Jushen Technology) to build end-to-end service ecosystem for embodied robots covering leasing, logistics, maintenance, insurance, and recycling. A RoboNow flagship store will launch on JD.com's platform.
• 11Street (South Korea)coreChannel Partner/ Reseller/ Distributor · 11 June 2026South Korean e-commerce company 11Street launched its official flagship store on JD.com starting June 11, offering premium Korean products including K-Beauty brands, health supplements, and lifestyle goods. Advances JD.com's 2025 '10 Billion Giga-Growth Plan' targeting RMB 10 billion in sales by bringing 1,000 new international brands.
• TencentcoreTechnology or Integration · 8 June 2026Partnership on AI agent integration combining JD.com's e-commerce and logistics capabilities with Tencent's user-facing platforms through Agent-to-Agent (A2A) technology. Allows users to make shopping requests and access product information through native AI assistants on connected devices.
• BYDcoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 2 June 2026Strategic partnership to expand fast-charging infrastructure and develop integrated retail EV service stations across China. Combines BYD's EV and charging technology expertise with JD.com's nationwide logistics network and retail infrastructure to create charging destinations offering retail services, convenience offerings, and digital engagement alongside vehicle charging.
• Qingtian ZucoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 22 May 2026Strategic partnership to accelerate Robot as a Service (RaaS) expansion into broader consumer markets. Qingtian Zu launched official flagship store on JD.com while both companies collaborate on supply chain synchronization, product co-creation, and large-scale procurement. Qingtian Zu operates dispatchable fleet exceeding 4,000 robots.
• MastercardcoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 15 May 2026Strategic partnership focused on payment infrastructure, cross-border commerce, and fraud prevention. Initial work centers on supporting JD.com's international business, expanding payment options for overseas visitors in China, and exploring cross-border supply chain finance ecosystem for SMEs. Also exploring agentic AI-powered purchasing through Mastercard Agent Pay and co-branded card initiatives.
• CECONOMY AGcoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 2 December 2025JD.com acquired 59.8% of CECONOMY's share capital through a voluntary public takeover offer, increasing its overall stake to 85.2% with cooperation of Convergenta. The €2.2 billion transaction aims to strengthen JD.com's presence in Europe and support CECONOMY's transformation using JD.com's technology and logistics expertise. Expected to close mid-2026 pending regulatory approval.

Scale indicators19 records

Recent moves12 records

Expansion highlights9 records

Direct peers

• Alibaba Group: Alibaba operates Taobao, Tmall, and Cainiao logistics — the most direct Chinese e-commerce and cloud/logistics competitor to JD.com. Both serve hundreds of millions of Chinese consumers with marketplace models and are pursuing AI commerce and cross-border expansion.
• Amazon: Amazon combines direct retail, marketplace, AWS, and Prime logistics in a model structurally analogous to JD.com's integrated retail-plus-owned-logistics approach. Comparable in scale, owned-fulfillment infrastructure, and AI/automation investments.
• PDD Holdings (Pinduoduo): PDD operates Temu and Pinduoduo, China's leading discount e-commerce platforms. Directly competes with JD.com on price-sensitive Chinese consumers and globally via Temu, pressuring JD Retail's GMV and margins.
• Meituan: Meituan dominates Chinese instant retail, food delivery, and local services — directly competing with JD NOW for rapid-delivery share. Co-investigated in SAMR ghost-kitchen actions, indicating overlapping regulatory and competitive exposure.
• Coupang: Coupang runs Rocket Delivery with owned fulfillment in Korea/Taiwan, mirroring JD.com's integrated retail-plus-logistics model in Asia. Comparable strategy of building moat through first-party logistics infrastructure.
• Sea Limited (Shopee): Sea's Shopee is the leading e-commerce platform across Southeast Asia, overlapping with JD Global Sales' geographic footprint (Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, etc.) and competing for cross-border Chinese-brand demand.
• MercadoLibre: MercadoLibre combines marketplace, payments, and Mercado Envios logistics across LATAM — the closest international analog to JD.com's integrated e-commerce + fulfillment + fintech stack.

Broad incumbents

• Walmart: Walmart is an early JD.com investor and partner; both run large-scale omnichannel retail with owned supply chain, store network, and growing e-commerce/marketplace operations in their respective geographies.

Regional players

• Rakuten Group: Rakuten operates Japan's leading e-commerce marketplace plus fintech and mobile — a comparable ecosystem model in a different geography. Useful benchmark for JD's push into Japan and Korea via JD Global Sales.

Emerging players

• Shopify: Shopify powers merchant commerce infrastructure globally; relevant to JD's expanding marketplace and SaaS-like logistics/fulfillment services (JD Logistics externalization, robot after-sales SaaS) targeting third-party sellers.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat7 records

Key risks2 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

• Xx.com/JD_Corporate
• Facebookfacebook.com/jd.cominc
• LinkedInlinkedin.com/company/jd-com
• Instagraminstagram.com/jdcorporate

Compliance1 record

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Profiles9 records

Subsidiaries18 records

Funding overview

Funding rounds14 records

Investors15 records

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A9 records

Investments120 records

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about JD.com