Tennessee Valley Authority

What Tennessee Valley Authority does

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a federally-owned corporation established by the TVA Act of 1933 that operates as the largest public power provider in the United States, serving more than 10 million people across seven southeastern states (Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky, Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia). TVA generates, transmits, and wholesales electricity through a diversified portfolio totaling approximately 40,000 MW of capacity — including 3 nuclear plants, 29 hydroelectric dams and 1 pumped storage facility, 4 coal plants, 17 natural gas plants, and 16+ solar sites — supported by 16,400 miles of transmission lines and 500 substations. The utility delivers 99.99% reliability and offers residential rates lower than 80% and industrial rates lower than 90% of the top 100 U.S. utilities.

TVA's business model is wholesale electricity sales: it generates power and sells it at wholesale to 153 local power companies (municipal and cooperative utilities) that distribute to end consumers, while also directly serving large industrial customers including hyperscale data centers (Google at the former Widows Creek site is a marquee relationship, with data centers now representing roughly 18-20% of industrial load). Revenue is generated entirely from electricity sales — TVA receives no federal appropriations — through monthly subscription-based billing under long-term power purchase agreements, with additional revenue from transmission services to power marketers and eligible third parties. The company also operates EnergyRight programs (Green Invest, Power REC, Green Switch, Demand Response), economic development services, and environmental stewardship of 293,000 acres of public land and 40,000 miles of waterways.

TVA is pursuing a multi-pronged capacity expansion strategy including 3,770 MW of new generation under construction, the nation's first SMR construction permit application (GE Vernova Hitachi BWRX-300 at Clinch River), a 6 GW NuScale deployment agreement, and a commercial stellarator fusion program with Type One Energy. In February 2026, a Trump-appointed board majority reversed the prior plan to retire Cumberland and Kingston coal plants and removed renewable energy from the strategic plan, signaling a policy-driven shift in the generation mix under new leadership (Mike Skaggs appointed Interim CEO April 2026).

Name

Tennessee Valley Authority

Legal name

Tennessee Valley Authority

Website

https://tva.com

Company type

Private

Founded year

1933

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

5,001–10,000 employees

Short description

Tennessee Valley Authority is the largest U.S. public power provider, a federally-owned corporation generating and wholesaling electricity from a 40,000 MW diversified portfolio to 153 local utilities and large industrial customers serving 10 million people across seven southeastern states.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Headquarters

HQ city

Knoxville

HQ country

United States

HQ region

North America

Offices4 records

Markets served

GTM type

B2B

Offering type

Services

Cost components

Infrastructure, Operations, Personnel, Technology or R&D, Supply Chain, Others

Revenue model

1. Wholesale Electricity Sales: TVA generates revenue primarily through sale of electricity to 153 local power companies (municipal and cooperative utilities) who distribute to residential and commercial customers across seven states. TVA also directly serves large industrial customers including data centers.
2. Power Purchase Agreements: TVA enters into long-term PPAs with partners for approximately 5,000 MW of contracted generation capacity, with plans to add 3,000+ more MW by mid-2030s.
3. Transmission Services: TVA provides transmission services to eligible transmission customers including power marketers and qualified power providers requiring transfers into, out of, or through the TVA system.

Pricing tiers

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels3 records

Marketing channels8 records

Core offering

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a federally owned government corporation that generates and transmits wholesale electricity from a diversified portfolio of nuclear, hydroelectric, coal, natural gas, solar, and battery storage assets totaling roughly 40,000 MW. It sells electricity at wholesale to 153 local power companies across seven states, provides direct service to large industrial customers such as data centers, and operates 16,400 miles of transmission lines and 293,000 acres of public lands. TVA also delivers energy efficiency, renewable energy, demand response, environmental stewardship, and economic development programs in support of its regional power mission.

Product overview

Tennessee Valley Authority is a federally-owned public power utility serving over 10 million people across seven states with electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. The company operates a diverse energy portfolio including nuclear, coal, natural gas, hydroelectric, and renewable generation assets totaling approximately 40,000 megawatts of capacity. TVA's core product offerings center on electricity generation and delivery, supplemented by energy efficiency programs through EnergyRight (including Green Invest, Power REC, Green Switch, and Dispersed Power Production), Demand Response services for grid stability, and advanced technology initiatives including Small Modular Reactors and fusion research. The company also provides environmental stewardship services managing 293,000 acres of public lands, lake levels, recreation areas including TVA Trails, and regulatory services such as Section 26a Shoreline Permits. TVA's digital products include the TVA Lake Info mobile application and economic development resources through TVA Sites.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Products and services

• TVA Power Generation Fleet Diversified electricity generation portfolio of approximately 40,000 MW including 3 nuclear plants, 29 hydroelectric dams, 4 coal plants, 17 natural gas plants, 16 solar sites, and 1 pumped storage facility, providing wholesale and direct industrial electricity to 10 million people across seven states.
• TVA Transmission Services Wholesale transmission service across 16,400 miles of high-voltage transmission lines and 500 substations, providing open-access transfers into, out of, and through the TVA system via the OASIS platform to eligible power marketers and qualified power providers.
• Direct Industrial Power Supply Direct sale of electricity to large industrial customers including hyperscale data centers (which represent ~18-20% of TVA's industrial load), with contracted capacity such as Google's 300 MW data center expansion at Jackson County, Alabama and demand response arrangements up to 1 GW.
• Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) Long-term PPAs covering approximately 5,000 MW of contracted generation capacity with plans for 3,000+ additional MW by mid-2030s, including 20-year battery storage agreements with Plus Power (200 MW/800 MWh) and Tenaska/Bobwhite (225 MW/900 MWh).
• TVA EnergyRight Energy efficiency program offering rebates, incentives, and free energy assessments for residential and commercial customers to reduce electricity costs and consumption across TVA's service territory.
• TVA Demand Response Grid stability program in which TVA and partners help large customers reduce or shift electricity use during high demand periods, including Google 1 GW demand response agreements, to keep the grid stable and reliable.
• Green Invest Long-term renewable energy investment program enabling large businesses, industries, and communities to secure up to 100% of their electricity from renewable sources with price stability.
• Power REC Renewable energy certificate program for commercial and industrial businesses to meet up to 100% of their electricity needs with Green-e certified renewable energy certificates sourced from TVA's renewable generation.
• Green Switch Flexible, affordable renewable energy program allowing residents and businesses to purchase blocks of renewable energy generated in the Tennessee Valley region.
• Dispersed Power Production Program allowing qualifying renewable facilities (solar, wind, biomass, combined heat and power) to sell power to TVA at monthly avoided-cost rates.
• Section 26a Shoreline Permits Regulatory permitting service for construction, modification, or maintenance of structures along TVA reservoirs and the Tennessee River system, administered via the Public Land Information Center.
• TVA Lake Info App Mobile application providing real-time reservoir levels, dam releases, navigation, operating guides, ecological health ratings, and recreation information for TVA-managed reservoirs.
• TVA Trails Over 190 miles of trails on public lands managed by TVA across the Tennessee Valley region for hiking, mountain biking, and outdoor recreation.
• TVA Economic Development Economic development service partnering with local power companies and agencies to attract investments and jobs to the seven-state region, including site selection support through TVA Sites.
• Coal Ash Management (CCR) Environmental management service for coal combustion residuals, including the Advanced Technology for Impoundment Monitoring (ATIM) system and groundwater monitoring at TVA's coal storage sites.
• Electric Vehicle Evolution Program helping school districts, businesses, and consumers transition to electric vehicles through expert advice, industry connections, and grant funding guidance.

Quantifiable outcome

• 99.99% reliability since 2000
• +4 more outcomes

Named customers7 records

Segments4 records

Ideal customer profiles3 records

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API

No

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Feature2 records

Partnerships

19 partnerships are on record, tiered major, core and minor.

• Plus PowermajorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 January 202620-year contract with Houston-based Plus Power for 200 MW/800 MWh battery storage through Crawfish Creek Energy Storage project in Jackson County, Alabama. Construction expected 2028, commercial operation summer 2029.
• Tenaska (Bobwhite Energy Storage)majorStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 January 2026$300 million investment by Tenaska affiliate Bobwhite Energy Storage for 225 MW/900 MWh battery storage project in Hawkins County, East Tennessee. Expected online late 2029, creating up to 75 jobs during construction.
• University of TennesseecoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 January 2026UT Knoxville partnership with ORNL, TVA, and industry partners (IonQ, CGI) for Knoxville Quantum Accelerator (K-Quantum) - 100,000 sq ft quantum foundry and computing hub at UT Research Park.
• GE Vernova HitachicoreTechnology or Integration · 1 December 2025TVA is pursuing BWRX-300 small modular reactor at Clinch River site. TVA submitted the nation's first SMR construction permit application to NRC in May 2025. A $400 million DOE grant supports this deployment.
• ENTRA1 EnergycoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 September 2025ENTRA1 Energy is NuScale's exclusive global commercialization partner and has signed a landmark agreement with TVA for deployment of up to 6 GW of NuScale SMR capacity across TVA's seven-state service region - the largest SMR deployment program in U.S. history.
• NuScale PowercoreTechnology or Integration · 1 September 2025TVA partnership with NuScale Power for up to 6 GW of small modular reactor capacity deployment. NuScale holds the only NRC-approved SMR design. A $400 million DOE grant supports early deployment.
• Oak Ridge National LaboratorycoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 September 2025ORNL partnership with Type One Energy and University of Tennessee for high-heat flux fusion materials testing facility at TVA's Bull Run Energy Complex. $20 million project targeted for completion end of 2027.
• Tennessee Valley Public Power Association (TVPPA)coreChannel Partner/ Reseller/ Distributor · 1 September 2025TVPPA supports 153 local power providers in TVA's service region with expert guidance, professional services, and advocacy for the public power model.
• Kairos PowercoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 January 2025TVA signed power purchase agreement with Kairos Power for electricity from Hermes 2 reactor (50 MW) to power Google's data centers. Kairos broke ground on Hermes 2 in Oak Ridge - first Gen IV reactor to receive NRC construction permit.
• GooglecoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 January 2025Google operates data center at former Widows Creek coal plant. $1.5 billion expansion announced for 2026-2027. Google has 1 GW demand response agreement with TVA and nuclear power partnership via Kairos.
• Indiana Michigan PowerminorChannel Partner/ Reseller/ Distributor · 1 January 2025Google 1 GW demand response agreements include Indiana Michigan Power as one of five utility partners for grid flexibility during peak demand periods.
• Entergy ArkansasminorChannel Partner/ Reseller/ Distributor · 1 January 2025Google 1 GW demand response agreements include Entergy Arkansas for grid flexibility during peak demand periods.
• Minnesota PowerminorChannel Partner/ Reseller/ Distributor · 1 January 2025Google 1 GW demand response agreements include Minnesota Power for grid flexibility during peak demand periods.
• DTE EnergyminorChannel Partner/ Reseller/ Distributor · 1 January 2025Google 1 GW demand response agreements include DTE Energy for grid flexibility during peak demand periods.
• Type One EnergycoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 1 January 2024TVA signed letter of intent with Type One Energy in September 2025 to develop the U.S.'s first commercial stellarator fusion power plant in East Tennessee near Oak Ridge. Tennessee became first state with fusion regulations.
• Tennessee State GovernmentcoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerState of Tennessee's $43 million Quantum Initiative, plus $50 million AI infrastructure investment in 2027 budget. Tennessee became first state with nuclear fusion regulations in June 2025.
• University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National LaboratorymajorStrategic or Co-development PartnerPartnership for testing advanced materials for fusion reactors. Dr. Steven Zinkle leading research on structural materials for advanced fission and fusion reactors using AI and machine learning.
• Greenidge Generation HoldingsminorStrategic or Co-development PartnerGreenidge submitted 250 MW power request to TVA for Mississippi greenfield site as part of AI/HPC data center strategy.
• Oak Ridge National Laboratory (for microgrids)majorStrategic or Co-development PartnerORNL working with EPB of Chattanooga on advanced microgrid control platform supported by $32.3 million DOE funding for grid hardening and battery storage deployment.

Scale indicators9 records

Recent moves7 records

Expansion highlights5 records

Direct peers

• Duke Energy: Duke Energy is a Fortune 150 investor-owned utility serving 8.4 million customers across the Southeast and Midwest, including several states overlapping TVA's service region. With comparable scale (~50,000 MW capacity) and a similar diversified generation mix including nuclear, Duke is the most directly comparable investor-owned peer for TVA in scale, geography, and customer mix.
• Southern Company: Southern Company is a major Southeast US utility holding company serving 9 million customers across Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and other states directly overlapping TVA's service territory. With ~43,000 MW of capacity and a similar nuclear, gas, coal, and renewable generation portfolio, Southern Company is the closest regional comparable to TVA in geography, customer base, and operational model.
• Bonneville Power Administration: Bonneville Power Administration is a US federal agency that markets wholesale electricity from federal dams and the Columbia Generating Station nuclear plant across the Pacific Northwest. BPA is the most comparable peer to TVA in terms of business model (federal wholesale power marketing to preference customers including public utilities and direct-service industries) and customer structure.

Regional players

• Entergy Corporation: Entergy serves 3 million customers across Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas - several states directly overlapping with TVA's seven-state territory. As a regional utility with significant nuclear generation and a similar industrial customer focus (including data centers), Entergy is a strong regional comparable for TVA's industrial and large customer operations.
• Georgia Power: Georgia Power, a subsidiary of Southern Company, serves 2.7 million customers across most of Georgia - directly bordering and partially overlapping TVA's service territory including the Atlanta metro region. With a similar nuclear, gas, coal, and renewable generation mix and large industrial customer base, Georgia Power is a strong regional peer for retail service territory and generation strategy.

Broad incumbents

• NextEra Energy: NextEra Energy is the largest US electric utility by market cap with ~74,000 MW of generation capacity across Florida Power & Light and NextEra Energy Resources. While not regionally overlapping, NextEra's scale, renewable leadership, capital structure, and large capital programs provide a key benchmark for TVA's growth investments in nuclear, solar, storage, and transmission.
• Constellation Energy: Constellation Energy operates the largest US nuclear fleet (~32,000 MW) following its separation from Exelon. Constellation is the most directly comparable utility to TVA on nuclear operations, SMR strategy, and hyperscale data center power supply, having signed major power agreements with Microsoft and other AI customers to monetize carbon-free nuclear generation.
• American Electric Power: American Electric Power is one of the largest US electric utilities serving 5.6 million customers across 11 states with ~30,000 MW of capacity. AEP's multi-state transmission system, regulated utility model, and diverse generation mix provide a comparable benchmark for TVA's wholesale distribution model, capital-intensive infrastructure buildout, and regulatory structure.
• Dominion Energy: Dominion Energy serves 7 million customers across Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina - several states directly overlapping with TVA's service territory. With a similar diversified generation portfolio including nuclear, natural gas, and renewables, Dominion is a comparable peer for TVA's regulated utility operations, data center load growth, and capital allocation strategy.
• Xcel Energy: Xcel Energy serves 3.9 million customers across 8 states with a diversified generation portfolio including substantial wind, solar, natural gas, and nuclear capacity. Xcel's multi-state regulated utility model, large capital programs, and clean energy transition strategy provide a comparable benchmark for TVA's regional utility operations, rate-setting dynamics, and grid modernization investments.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat5 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights6 records

Customer concentration

• Instagraminstagram.com/tva
• Xx.com/tva_newsroom
• Facebookfacebook.com/TVA
• LinkedInlinkedin.com/company/tva

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Profiles14 records

Funding overview

Funding rounds3 records

Investors1 record

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Tennessee Valley Authority