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Grid Assurance

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uuid000fiyb

Namestring
Grid Assurance
Legal namestring
Grid Assurance
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
2016
Descriptiontext

Grid Assurance LLC is a US-based, privately held limited liability company formed in Ohio in 2016 by American Electric Power, Berkshire Hathaway Energy, and FirstEnergy, later expanded to include Duke Energy, Edison International, Eversource Energy, Great Plains Energy, and National Grid as founding members. The company operates a pooled, subscription-based grid resilience solution that gives transmission-owning utilities expedited access to a dedicated inventory of long-lead-time extra high voltage (EHV) equipment—including large power transformers (230kV and higher in seven rating classes), EHV circuit breakers (three rating tiers), and EHV bushings—stored across multiple secure US warehouses near rail, highway, and water transport corridors. The service is differentiated by pre-approved railroad, state, and local transportation routes, risk-analysis modeling tools that target a 97-98% service level, and 30-year manufacturer warranties, reducing projected delivery time after a catastrophic event from 1+ years for new procurement (or 9-16 weeks via third parties) to 4-6 weeks. The offering is being extended in 2025 to include Generator Step-Up (GSU) transformers and circuit breakers for renewable generation (wind and solar), addressing revenue losses tied to downtime at generation facilities.

Revenues are generated entirely through cost-based, FERC-modeled subscription fees paid by transmission-owning utility affiliates under multi-year contracts, enabling subscribers to recover their expenses and achieving cost economics of 3-5x less than individual utility stockpiling of spares. Subscriber base has grown from the initial 6 utilities and 31 transmission-owning affiliates in May 2018 to 32 transmission-owned affiliates across 23 states. The company is operationally active with a small leadership team (11-50 employees total), maintains strategic warehouse locations whose specific sites are kept confidential for security purposes, and benefits from FERC regulatory clarity established through orders EL15-76 and EL16-20—the only FERC-approved industry-led solution of its kind. Leadership transitioned from founding-era CEO Michael Deggendorf to David E. Rupert in September 2021, and most recently to Stacey Burbure in 2025, drawing leadership from founding owner AEP's transmission regulatory practice.

Short descriptiontext

Grid Assurance operates a FERC-approved, subscription-based pooled inventory of long-lead-time EHV transmission equipment (transformers, breakers, bushings) for US transmission-owning utilities, enabling rapid grid restoration after catastrophic events at 3-5x lower cost than individual stockpiling.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
Headcount rangeband
11–50
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersKansas City, United States
HQ citystring
Kansas City
HQ countrystring
United States
HQ regionstring
North America
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices2 records

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
grid resilience services, transmission equipment pooling, emergency restoration logistics, spare transformer inventory, utility infrastructure recovery
Industry2 codes
1HV Transmission Asset Owners (Transmission Companies/Transcos)
CodeEUADAAACPrimaryYes
2Network Upgrades & Capacity Additions (Reconductoring, Rebalancing, Voltage Optimization)
CodeEUAEACANPrimaryNo
NAICS code2 codes
  • Electric Power Transmission, Control, and Distribution22112
  • Electric Bulk Power Transmission and Control221121
SIC code1 code
  • Electric Services4911
Product category
Grid Resilience Services
GTM motion1 record

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

Revenue model1 record
1Subscription Fees
TypeSubscription Recurring
Description

Cost-based subscription fees modeled after FERC-regulated transmission formula rates. Transparent, cost-based subscription fees facilitate members' ability to recover their expenses. The subscription provides access to dedicated inventory of critical transmission equipment.

gridassurance.com
Marketing channels5 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels1 record

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

Cost components6 values
Supply Chain, Infrastructure, Personnel, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Technology or R&D
Pricing details1 tier
1Subscription-based access to pooled critical transmission equipment inventory
ModelSubscriptionBilling cadenceMulti-year contract
Notes

Cost-based subscription fees modeled after FERC transmission tariffs. Subscription costs up to 3-5x less than individual utility stockpiling. No specific tier structure disclosed.

gridassurance.com
GTM typeB2B
B2B
Offering typeServices
Services
Core offering1 text field

Grid Assurance provides transmission-owning utilities with subscription-based access to a pooled, ready-to-deploy inventory of critical long-lead-time equipment (EHV transformers, EHV circuit breakers and EHV bushings) stored in secure warehouses across the United States. Subscribers benefit from pre-approved transportation routes with rail, state and local authorities, enabling 4–6 week delivery to event sites versus 12+ months for new procurement. The offering is governed by FERC-approved subscription agreements that allow utilities to recover subscription costs through regulated transmission tariffs.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Quantifiable outcome1 of 5 values shown
  • 4-6 week delivery time vs 1+ year for new transformer procurement
+4 more records
Product overview1 text field

Grid Assurance provides an industry-led grid resilience solution built around a shared inventory of critical long lead-time transmission equipment. The core product portfolio includes EHV Transformers (230kV and higher in seven ratings classes), EHV Circuit Breakers (three EHV ratings), EHV Bushings, and GSU Transformers and Circuit Breakers for renewable generation (wind and solar). These equipment products are stored in strategic, secure warehouses geographically distributed across the country and combined with pre-approved delivery logistics to enable rapid grid restoration after catastrophic events including extreme weather, physical attacks, cyberattacks, and natural disasters. The solution addresses high-impact, low-frequency events where equipment would normally take 12-48 months to procure, with Grid Assurance reducing delivery times to 4-6 weeks. Additional product offerings are expected in 2025. Subscribers access pooled assets at costs up to three to five times less than individual stockpiling.

Product and service5 records
1Grid Resilience Solution
CategoryGrid Resilience Subscription Service
Description

Industry's only grid restoration solution combining a fully functional, warranted and maintained reserve of critical long-lead-time transmission equipment with pre-approved delivery plans to help transmission-owning utilities restore power quickly after catastrophic events. Provides dedicated inventory access, pre-approved logistics and 4–6 week delivery versus 12+ months for new equipment.

2EHV Transformers
CategoryPooled Transmission Equipment Inventory
Description

Extra high voltage transformers (230kV and higher) available in seven ratings classes with designs built to support a range of transmission grids. Stored in secure warehouses for rapid deployment following significant grid outages.

3EHV Circuit Breakers
CategoryPooled Transmission Equipment Inventory
Description

Extra high voltage circuit breakers addressing three EHV ratings, with amps and kA ratings to accommodate many utilities' networks. Critical for transmission grid operation and rapid restoration after high-impact events.

4EHV Bushings
CategoryPooled Transmission Equipment Inventory
Description

Extra high voltage transformer bushings covering a wide range of transmission voltages. Essential components for transformer operation stored in dedicated inventory for grid restoration.

5GSU Transformers and Circuit Breakers for Renewable Generation
CategoryPooled Transmission Equipment Inventory
Description

Generator Step-Up transformers and circuit breakers for renewable generation facilities, with emphasis on wind and solar. Part of the expanded asset sharing program to reduce revenue losses linked to downtime at generation facilities.

Scale indicator6 records

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Recent move6 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight5 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers10 records
TypeOthers
Description

Specialty contracting and infrastructure services provider for the electric power industry. Comparable as a services counterpart supporting grid construction and restoration for the same transmission-utility customers.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Major manufacturer of HV transformers, breakers and grid technologies for utility customers. Comparable as a supplier of the long-lead-time equipment central to Grid Assurance's offering.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Power management company providing transformers, switchgear and grid solutions to utilities and industrial customers. Comparable in serving the same transmission-utility customer base with overlapping equipment categories.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Leading provider of transformers, switchgear and grid integration solutions to transmission utilities worldwide. Comparable as both a potential equipment supplier and a broader grid resilience competitor.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Global manufacturer of transformers, switchgear and grid equipment, serving the same transmission-owning utility customers that Grid Assurance supplies. Comparable as an upstream equipment provider whose products form Grid Assurance's pooled inventory.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Global energy management and automation provider with grid solutions for transmission and distribution utilities. Comparable as a broad incumbent serving the same utility customers with resilience and reliability offerings.

7ERMCO
TypeEmerging player
Description

North American transformer and electrical equipment manufacturer. Comparable as a regional equipment supplier that could feed Grid Assurance's pooled inventory or compete via direct sales to the same utility customers.

TypeOthers
Description

Engineering, procurement and construction firm serving electric utilities, including transmission infrastructure projects. Comparable as an adjacent services provider to the same utility customer base for grid resilience and expansion.

TypeEmerging player
Description

US-based manufacturer of power and distribution transformers. Comparable as a domestic transformer supplier relevant to Grid Assurance's North American sourcing strategy and inventory replenishment.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Power equipment OEM with a Grid Solutions business spanning transformers, breakers and grid software. Comparable as an incumbent in the HV transmission equipment ecosystem that Grid Assurance serves.

Market position
Strengths4 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Weaknesses4 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat4 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks6 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights7 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Named customers6 records

Each record includes

Name, Industry, Type, Use case, Source, UUID

Segment2 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Ideal customer profile2 records

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
No
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Feature4 records

Each record includes

Title, Differentiator, Description, Source

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Profiles3 records

Each record includes

Name, Designation, Designation category, Overview, Profile commentary, Source

No data
No data
Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds1 record

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors1 record

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Grid Assurance

Grid Resilience Servicesgridassurance.com

Grid Assurance operates a FERC-approved, subscription-based pooled inventory of long-lead-time EHV transmission equipment (transformers, breakers, bushings) for US transmission-owning utilities, enabling rapid grid restoration after catastrophic events at 3-5x lower cost than individual stockpiling.

What Grid Assurance does

Grid Assurance LLC is a US-based, privately held limited liability company formed in Ohio in 2016 by American Electric Power, Berkshire Hathaway Energy, and FirstEnergy, later expanded to include Duke Energy, Edison International, Eversource Energy, Great Plains Energy, and National Grid as founding members. The company operates a pooled, subscription-based grid resilience solution that gives transmission-owning utilities expedited access to a dedicated inventory of long-lead-time extra high voltage (EHV) equipment—including large power transformers (230kV and higher in seven rating classes), EHV circuit breakers (three rating tiers), and EHV bushings—stored across multiple secure US warehouses near rail, highway, and water transport corridors. The service is differentiated by pre-approved railroad, state, and local transportation routes, risk-analysis modeling tools that target a 97-98% service level, and 30-year manufacturer warranties, reducing projected delivery time after a catastrophic event from 1+ years for new procurement (or 9-16 weeks via third parties) to 4-6 weeks. The offering is being extended in 2025 to include Generator Step-Up (GSU) transformers and circuit breakers for renewable generation (wind and solar), addressing revenue losses tied to downtime at generation facilities.

Revenues are generated entirely through cost-based, FERC-modeled subscription fees paid by transmission-owning utility affiliates under multi-year contracts, enabling subscribers to recover their expenses and achieving cost economics of 3-5x less than individual utility stockpiling of spares. Subscriber base has grown from the initial 6 utilities and 31 transmission-owning affiliates in May 2018 to 32 transmission-owned affiliates across 23 states. The company is operationally active with a small leadership team (11-50 employees total), maintains strategic warehouse locations whose specific sites are kept confidential for security purposes, and benefits from FERC regulatory clarity established through orders EL15-76 and EL16-20—the only FERC-approved industry-led solution of its kind. Leadership transitioned from founding-era CEO Michael Deggendorf to David E. Rupert in September 2021, and most recently to Stacey Burbure in 2025, drawing leadership from founding owner AEP's transmission regulatory practice.

Grid Assurance firmographics

Firmographics
Name
Grid Assurance
Legal name
Grid Assurance
Website
https://gridassurance.com
Company type
Private
Founded year
2016
Operating status
Operating
Headcount range
11–50 employees
Short description
Grid Assurance operates a FERC-approved, subscription-based pooled inventory of long-lead-time EHV transmission equipment (transformers, breakers, bushings) for US transmission-owning utilities, enabling rapid grid restoration after catastrophic events at 3-5x lower cost than individual stockpiling.
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

Grid Assurance industry classification

Industry
Product category
Grid Resilience Services
NAICS
Electric Power Transmission, Control, and Distribution (22112), Electric Bulk Power Transmission and Control (221121)
SIC
Electric Services (4911)
akta.pro primary industry
HV Transmission Asset Owners (Transmission Companies/Transcos) (EUADAAAC)
akta.pro secondary industry
Network Upgrades & Capacity Additions (Reconductoring, Rebalancing, Voltage Optimization) (EUAEACAN)

Keywords

  • Grid resilience services
  • Transmission equipment pooling
  • Emergency restoration logistics
  • Spare transformer inventory
  • Utility infrastructure recovery

Where Grid Assurance is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
Kansas City
HQ country
United States
HQ region
North America

Offices2 records

Markets served

Grid Assurance business model

Business model
GTM type
B2B
Offering type
Services
Cost components
Supply Chain, Infrastructure, Personnel, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Technology or R&D

Revenue model

  1. Subscription Fees: Cost-based subscription fees modeled after FERC-regulated transmission formula rates. Transparent, cost-based subscription fees facilitate members' ability to recover their expenses. The subscription provides access to dedicated inventory of critical transmission equipment.

Pricing tiers

ModelBillingPrice
SubscriptionMulti-year contractSubscription-based access to pooled critical transmission equipment inventory

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels1 record

Marketing channels5 records

Grid Assurance product offering

Product offering

Core offering

Grid Assurance provides transmission-owning utilities with subscription-based access to a pooled, ready-to-deploy inventory of critical long-lead-time equipment (EHV transformers, EHV circuit breakers and EHV bushings) stored in secure warehouses across the United States. Subscribers benefit from pre-approved transportation routes with rail, state and local authorities, enabling 4–6 week delivery to event sites versus 12+ months for new procurement. The offering is governed by FERC-approved subscription agreements that allow utilities to recover subscription costs through regulated transmission tariffs.

Product overview

Grid Assurance provides an industry-led grid resilience solution built around a shared inventory of critical long lead-time transmission equipment. The core product portfolio includes EHV Transformers (230kV and higher in seven ratings classes), EHV Circuit Breakers (three EHV ratings), EHV Bushings, and GSU Transformers and Circuit Breakers for renewable generation (wind and solar). These equipment products are stored in strategic, secure warehouses geographically distributed across the country and combined with pre-approved delivery logistics to enable rapid grid restoration after catastrophic events including extreme weather, physical attacks, cyberattacks, and natural disasters. The solution addresses high-impact, low-frequency events where equipment would normally take 12-48 months to procure, with Grid Assurance reducing delivery times to 4-6 weeks. Additional product offerings are expected in 2025. Subscribers access pooled assets at costs up to three to five times less than individual stockpiling.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Products and services

  • Grid Resilience Solution Industry's only grid restoration solution combining a fully functional, warranted and maintained reserve of critical long-lead-time transmission equipment with pre-approved delivery plans to help transmission-owning utilities restore power quickly after catastrophic events. Provides dedicated inventory access, pre-approved logistics and 4–6 week delivery versus 12+ months for new equipment.
  • EHV Transformers Extra high voltage transformers (230kV and higher) available in seven ratings classes with designs built to support a range of transmission grids. Stored in secure warehouses for rapid deployment following significant grid outages.
  • EHV Circuit Breakers Extra high voltage circuit breakers addressing three EHV ratings, with amps and kA ratings to accommodate many utilities' networks. Critical for transmission grid operation and rapid restoration after high-impact events.
  • EHV Bushings Extra high voltage transformer bushings covering a wide range of transmission voltages. Essential components for transformer operation stored in dedicated inventory for grid restoration.
  • GSU Transformers and Circuit Breakers for Renewable Generation Generator Step-Up transformers and circuit breakers for renewable generation facilities, with emphasis on wind and solar. Part of the expanded asset sharing program to reduce revenue losses linked to downtime at generation facilities.

Quantifiable outcome

  • 4-6 week delivery time vs 1+ year for new transformer procurement
  • +4 more outcomes

Companies that use Grid Assurance

Customer profile

Named customers6 records

Segments2 records

Ideal customer profiles2 records

Grid Assurance technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Feature4 records

Grid Assurance partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Scale indicators6 records

Recent moves6 records

Expansion highlights5 records

Grid Assurance competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Others

  • Quanta Services: Specialty contracting and infrastructure services provider for the electric power industry. Comparable as a services counterpart supporting grid construction and restoration for the same transmission-utility customers.
  • Burns & McDonnell: Engineering, procurement and construction firm serving electric utilities, including transmission infrastructure projects. Comparable as an adjacent services provider to the same utility customer base for grid resilience and expansion.

Broad incumbents

  • Siemens Energy: Major manufacturer of HV transformers, breakers and grid technologies for utility customers. Comparable as a supplier of the long-lead-time equipment central to Grid Assurance's offering.
  • Eaton: Power management company providing transformers, switchgear and grid solutions to utilities and industrial customers. Comparable in serving the same transmission-utility customer base with overlapping equipment categories.
  • Hitachi Energy: Leading provider of transformers, switchgear and grid integration solutions to transmission utilities worldwide. Comparable as both a potential equipment supplier and a broader grid resilience competitor.
  • ABB: Global manufacturer of transformers, switchgear and grid equipment, serving the same transmission-owning utility customers that Grid Assurance supplies. Comparable as an upstream equipment provider whose products form Grid Assurance's pooled inventory.
  • Schneider Electric: Global energy management and automation provider with grid solutions for transmission and distribution utilities. Comparable as a broad incumbent serving the same utility customers with resilience and reliability offerings.
  • GE Vernova: Power equipment OEM with a Grid Solutions business spanning transformers, breakers and grid software. Comparable as an incumbent in the HV transmission equipment ecosystem that Grid Assurance serves.

Emerging players

  • ERMCO: North American transformer and electrical equipment manufacturer. Comparable as a regional equipment supplier that could feed Grid Assurance's pooled inventory or compete via direct sales to the same utility customers.
  • Howard Industries: US-based manufacturer of power and distribution transformers. Comparable as a domestic transformer supplier relevant to Grid Assurance's North American sourcing strategy and inventory replenishment.

Market position

Strengths4 records

Weaknesses4 records

Competitive moat4 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

Grid Assurance social profiles

Digital presence

Grid Assurance financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Grid Assurance leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Profiles3 records

Grid Assurance funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds1 record

Investors1 record

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Grid Assurance M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Grid Assurance

What does Grid Assurance do?

Grid Assurance provides transmission-owning utilities with subscription-based access to a pooled, ready-to-deploy inventory of critical long-lead-time equipment (EHV transformers, EHV circuit breakers and EHV bushings) stored in secure warehouses across the United States. Subscribers benefit from pre-approved transportation routes with rail, state and local authorities, enabling 4–6 week delivery to event sites versus 12+ months for new procurement. The offering is governed by FERC-approved subscription agreements that allow utilities to recover subscription costs through regulated transmission tariffs.

Is Grid Assurance a public or private company?

Grid Assurance is a private company. It is classified as corporate owned and is currently operating.

When was Grid Assurance founded?

Grid Assurance was founded in 2016. It employs 11 to 50 people.

Where is Grid Assurance based?

Grid Assurance is headquartered in Kansas City, United States, in the North America region.

How does Grid Assurance make money?

One revenue line is on record: subscription Fees.

Who are Grid Assurance's main competitors?

Others on record are Quanta Services and Burns & McDonnell. Broad incumbents are Siemens Energy, Eaton, Hitachi Energy, ABB, Schneider Electric and GE Vernova. Emerging players are ERMCO and Howard Industries.

Does Grid Assurance have an API?

No public API is recorded for Grid Assurance.

What industry is Grid Assurance in?

Grid Assurance's product category is Grid Resilience Services. Its primary akta.pro industry code is EUADAAAC, HV Transmission Asset Owners (Transmission Companies/Transcos), with a secondary code of EUAEACAN, Network Upgrades & Capacity Additions (Reconductoring, Rebalancing, Voltage Optimization). Its NAICS code is 22112 and its SIC code is 4911.

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Live signals
PR NewswireGrid Assurance Awards Contracts, Will Provide Service by Year-endGrid Assurance has awarded contracts to purchase high-voltage transformers, circuit breakers and other critical equipment to help subscribing utility companies respond to natural or man-made events impacting the energy transmission system, with the equipment to be accessible by year-end 2019. Over 50% of the equipment will be supplied from North American manufacturers to enable secure restocking capabilities. Grid Assurance was formed in 2016 by six energy companies, including affiliates of American Electric Power, Berkshire Hathaway Energy and FirstEnergy, as an industry-led solution to mitigate physical and cyber security risks to the transmission grid.PR NewswireGrid Assurance Announces Major U.S. Utilities Sign on to Transmission Grid Resilience SolutionGrid Assurance announced that six major utilities, including American Electric Power and Berkshire Hathaway Energy's subsidiaries, have joined as initial subscribers to its transmission grid resilience solution. The service provides a shared inventory of critical long-lead-time equipment, such as transformers, to help utilities respond more quickly to major grid disruptions. Deliveries for the new equipment are expected to begin by mid-2019.PR NewswireEnergy Companies Launch Critical Transmission Equipment Sparing CompanySix energy companies (affiliates of American Electric Power, Berkshire Hathaway Energy, Duke Energy, Edison International, Eversource Energy, and Great Plains Energy) officially launched Grid Assurance, an independent company providing transmission sparing solutions for critical electric transmission equipment, with operations based in Columbus, Ohio. The new company will maintain readily available inventory of critical equipment at strategically located warehouses in the United States to help transmission owners recover faster from catastrophic events including severe weather, earthquakes, physical and cyberattacks. Grid Assurance was formed following a memorandum of understanding signed in June 2015 and received regulatory assurances from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission before officially launching.PR NewswireFederal Energy Regulatory Commission Issues Positive Order on Grid Assurance™ FilingThe Federal Energy Regulatory Commission issued a positive order on March 25, 2016 granting Grid Assurance regulatory clarity on key issues including the prudence of subscriber decisions, single-issue ratemaking availability, and waiver of affiliate rules. Grid Assurance, a consortium of eight electric utilities formed in June 2015, expects to begin marketing its transmission grid resiliency services in the second quarter of 2016, with operations ramping up over the following 18 months. The consortium plans to own and maintain critical long lead-time equipment at strategically located warehouses to help transmission owners respond to qualifying events such as physical attacks, cyberattacks, and severe weather.