Theoremus
Theoremus is a Bulgarian AI/ML company that builds smart urban mobility and digital waste management systems for transit authorities and municipal governments, with its flagship Sofia Ticketing System handling approximately one million daily journeys.
- Company typePrivate
- Founded2018
- HeadquartersSofia, Bulgaria
- Headcount11–50
- GTM typeB2B
- OfferingSoftware
What Theoremus does
Theoremus is a Sofia-headquartered AI/ML company that builds smart urban mobility and digital waste management systems for transit authorities and municipal governments across Bulgaria, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Founded in 2018 by Pavel Cholakov, the company operates as Theoremus AD with subsidiaries in London and Valencia, and has grown to 11-50 employees serving exclusively governmental customers. Its flagship deployment is the Sofia Ticketing System (STS), launched in 2021 for the Sofia Urban Mobility Center, which handles approximately one million daily journeys across the city's metro, bus, tram, and trolley networks and is described as one of the most complex hybrid e-ticketing systems in Central and Eastern Europe.
The company's product portfolio is anchored on an event-driven big-data architecture built entirely on open-source components (Apache Kafka, Kubernetes, Cassandra, Golang), which the company claims cuts total cost of ownership in half versus comparable deployments. AI/ML capabilities are embedded across the stack: deep-learning passenger counting across 5,000 CCTV cameras in 1,200 vehicles, EMV L2/L3-certified fare-rule engines, multi-objective evolutionary scheduling algorithms that delivered 8% cost and 10-15% fleet reductions on Sofia transit lines, and genetic-algorithm waste route optimization that has achieved 40%+ operational cost reductions in Albacete, Spain. The Digital Waste Management System is deployed across seven cities with IoT sensor networks, RFID-tagged containers, and ML-driven fill-level forecasting. An Open API Gateway extends a platform layer beyond direct sales, enabling third-party merchants, MaaS applications, and data companies to self-onboard.
Theoremus generates revenue primarily through recurring B2G contracts—subscription licensing plus ongoing maintenance and support—with supplementary professional services for data analytics. Go-to-market relies on direct enterprise sales via municipal procurement, often facilitated by EU innovation programmes (UIA 5, EU LIFE), and increasingly on strategic co-development partnerships for geographic expansion: late 2025 MoUs with AION-Tech (India) and Asia Mobiliti (Asia/Eastern Europe) signal a transition from a regional CEE/Iberian player toward a multi-region intelligent transport systems vendor.
Theoremus firmographics
Firmographics- Name
- Theoremus
- Legal name
- Theoremus AD
- Website
- https://theoremus.com
- Company type
- Private
- Founded year
- 2018
- Operating status
- Operating
- Headcount range
- 11–50 employees
- Short description
- Theoremus is a Bulgarian AI/ML company that builds smart urban mobility and digital waste management systems for transit authorities and municipal governments, with its flagship Sofia Ticketing System handling approximately one million daily journeys.
- Ownership category
- akta.pro rank
Theoremus industry classification
Industry- Product category
- Urban Mobility and Smart City Software
- NAICS
- Computing Infrastructure Providers, Data Processing, Web Hosting, and Related Services (5182)
- SIC
- Services-Computer Integrated Systems Design (7373), Services-Computer Programming, Data Processing, Etc. (7370), Transportation Services (4700)
- akta.pro primary industry
- Mobility Data Exchange & Analytics Platforms (MDM, Data Hubs, Insights) (THADALAJ)
- akta.pro secondary industries
- Ticketing Technology & Integrations (APIs, Plugins, Webhooks) (MPAGAJAF), Fleet, Asset Tracking & Telematics Location Platforms (BPAMANAF), Integrations, APIs & Automation (Middleware/iPaaS) (THALAMAN)
Keywords
Where Theoremus is headquartered
LocationHeadquarters
- HQ city
- Sofia
- HQ country
- Bulgaria
- HQ region
- Europe
Offices3 records
Markets served
Theoremus business model
Business model- GTM type
- B2B
- Offering type
- Software
- Cost components
- Personnel, Technology or R&D, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Infrastructure
Revenue model
- Smart Urban Mobility Solutions: Theoremus sells and deploys e-ticketing, AVL, and mobility analytics systems to transit authorities and municipalities. Revenue is generated through system implementation, licensing, and ongoing support/maintenance contracts. The Sofia Ticketing System has been in operation since 2021, delivered for Sofia Urban Mobility Center, enabling ~1 million journeys per day.
- Digital Waste Management Solutions: SaaS-style monitoring and optimization platform deployed for cities and waste collection companies across Bulgaria and Spain (Sofia, Montana, Veliko Tarnovo, Albacete, Burgas, Vidin). Revenue likely derives from subscription/licensing fees and professional services for implementation and integration.
- Open API Gateway Ecosystem: Open API Gateway enabling 3rd-party merchants and data companies to access ticketing system data and services. Transit authorities gain revenue through merchant network sales and reduced operational costs from digital distribution, while Theoremus benefits from platform ecosystem expansion.
- Data Analytics Services: Advanced data analytics and structuring services for urban mobility and waste management, delivered to cities and authorities who engage with Theoremus's ecosystem of data analytics and merchant companies.
Go-to-market motion3 records
Distribution channels4 records
Marketing channels3 records
Theoremus product offering
Product offeringCore offering
Theoremus builds and operates event-driven big-data software platforms for two domains: smart urban mobility (e-ticketing, Automatic Vehicle Location, EMV open-loop fare engines, mobility analytics, schedule optimization) and digital waste management (IoT-based monitoring, fill-level forecasting, route optimization, JIT pickup). Its flagship deployment is the Sofia Ticketing System (STS), which handles approximately one million journeys per day for Sofia Urban Mobility Center using 5,000 validators and 5,000 CCTV cameras. The platforms are deployed via direct enterprise/B2G sales, subscription and licensing contracts, and an Open API Gateway that enables third-party merchant and data ecosystems.
Product overview
Theoremus offers a portfolio of AI-powered urban management solutions organized into two core product lines: Smart Urban Mobility and Digital Waste Management. The flagship Smart Urban Mobility offering is anchored by the Sofia Ticketing System (STS), an event-driven big-data e-ticketing platform launched in 2021 that handles approximately 1 million daily transit journeys. STS comprises integrated modules for Account-Based Ticketing, QR Mobile Ticketing, an Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) System, an EMV Fare Rule Engine, a Mobility Analytics Dashboard, and Schedule Optimization. The Digital Waste Management system, deployed across multiple Bulgarian and Spanish cities, includes modules for live monitoring, forecasting, GPS course tracking, weight monitoring, alarming, collection efficiency, pickup scheduling, container location, and route optimization — all powered by IoT sensor data and machine learning. Both product lines share a common data infrastructure and open API ecosystem, enabling third-party integrations and merchant ecosystems.
Differentiator
Problem solved
Functional benefit
Products and services
- Sofia Ticketing System (STS) Event-driven big-data hybrid (open-/closed-loop) e-ticketing platform deployed for the Sofia Urban Mobility Center; processes approximately 1 million daily journeys across metro, bus, tram and trolley networks using 5,000 validators and 5,000 CCTV cameras, with AI/ML-embedded validation, inspection, fare calculation, passenger counting, and an Open API Gateway for third-party merchants and data analytics providers.
- Account-Based Ticketing (ABT) System
Quantifiable outcome
- 8% cost reduction and 10–15% fewer vehicles and drivers assigned per transit line
- +4 more outcomes
Companies that use Theoremus
Customer profileNamed customers8 records
Segments3 records
Ideal customer profiles3 records
Theoremus technology and API
TechnologyTechnology focussed Yes
API detail
- Has API
- Yes
- API docs
- API detail
Core technology
AI maturity
App detail
Integration4 records
AI capability8 records
Feature9 records
Theoremus partnerships and signals
Strategic signalPartnerships
Seven partnerships are on record, tiered core and minor.
- AION-Tech Solutions Ltd.coreTheoremus AD signed an MoU with AION-Tech Solutions Ltd. to develop AI-driven multimodal urban mobility solutions in India. The partnership will deploy a multimodal transport orchestration platform integrating metro rail, bus networks, EV fleets, and parking infrastructure. First-Middle-Last Mile (FMLM) pilot programmes will be launched in Telangana and Karnataka, with execution handled by AION-Tech subsidiaries ETO Motors and ROQIT. Following successful pilots, the solution is planned for scaling across additional Indian cities aligned with India's Smart Cities and sustainable mobility initiatives.
- Asia MobiliticoreAsia Mobiliti (Malaysian MaaS company) and Theoremus (Bulgarian ITS firm) signed an MoU to develop intelligent mobility solutions across Asia and Eastern Europe. The collaboration focuses on leveraging data, technology, and innovation to improve public transport systems, emphasizing sustainability, efficiency, and connectedness.
- Sofia Urban Mobility CentercoreSofia Urban Mobility Center (the transit authority of the Bulgarian capital) is the primary customer and deployment partner for the Sofia Ticketing System (STS). STS is an event-driven big-data system delivering hybrid e-ticketing services across digital payment channels, enabling ~1 million journeys per day. The partnership involves ongoing operation and system evolution.
- Municipality of SofiacoreMunicipality of Sofia is a key municipal customer deploying both mobility analytics and smart waste management systems. The analytics dashboard is closely integrated with the Sofia Ticketing System, and the waste management project includes 2,500 NORD System containers with RFID tags, telematics on trucks, and a monitoring dashboard.
- EIT Urban MobilityminorEIT Urban Mobility is referenced in company logos as a partner or affiliation, indicating participation in European Institute of Innovation and Technology urban mobility ecosystem and programmes.
- UIA (Urban Innovative Actions) ProgrammeminorTheoremus participated in UIA 5, a European Union innovation programme, for optimizing underperforming public transit lines in Sofia. The company developed evolutionary scheduling algorithms within this programme context.
- EU LIFE ProgrammeminorTheoremus is implementing the LIFE-HA2WASTE project (LIFE22-GIE-BG-LIFE-HA2WASTE/101113721) with financial support from the EU LIFE Programme, covering July 2023 to June 2026, focused on holistic household waste management in Pomorie municipality.
Scale indicators7 records
Recent moves5 records
Expansion highlights5 records
Theoremus competitors and assessment
Company assessmentDirect peers
- Masabi: UK-based provider of mobile ticketing, account-based ticketing, and fare collection-as-a-service for transit operators. Closely comparable to Theoremus's QR Mobile Ticketing and ABT modules on the Sofia deployment.
- Optibus: AI-driven public transportation scheduling, planning, and operations optimization platform. Directly comparable to Theoremus's ML/evolutionary-algorithm schedule optimization offering for transit lines.
- Conduent Transportation: Major North American and European provider of transit fare collection, transit mobility, and public transportation technology. Competes with Theoremus on large B2G ticketing and back-office contracts.
- Scheidt & Bachmann: German provider of fare collection systems, validators, and ticketing solutions for public transit operators globally. Comparable in the EMV open-loop and account-based ticketing segments where Theoremus deploys.
- Flowbird (formerly Parkeon): Provider of urban mobility solutions including transit ticketing validators, parking systems, and back-office platforms. Comparable to Theoremus on the validator and fare-rule-engine side of STS.
- INIT GmbH (Innovation in Traffic Systems): German-headquartered provider of integrated ITS solutions (ticketing, AVL, planning, fare collection) for public transit authorities worldwide. Directly comparable to Theoremus in serving transit authorities with ITCS, ticketing, and back-office optimization offerings.
- Cubic Transportation Systems: Global provider of fare collection, traffic management, and real-time transit information systems. Direct competitor to Theoremus for large municipal transit tenders including EMV open-loop fare collection.
- Enevo (now ReGen): Provider of IoT-based waste container monitoring and collection route optimization for municipalities. Most direct comparable peer to Theoremus's Digital Waste Management product line.
Broad incumbents
- Thales Ground Transportation Systems: Global incumbent in mainline rail, urban transit ticketing, and tolling solutions. Competes with Theoremus on large B2G ticketing tenders as part of a much broader transportation portfolio.
- Siemens Mobility: Global incumbent delivering ticketing, signaling, traffic management, and mobility-as-a-service solutions at city and national scale. Competes with Theoremus in large multi-modal municipal procurements as a broad portfolio player.
Market position
Strengths5 records
Weaknesses5 records
Competitive moat6 records
Key risks7 records
Key highlights7 records
Customer concentration
Theoremus social profiles
Digital presenceTheoremus financial estimates
Financial estimateRevenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Theoremus leadership team
Management profileNumber of profiles
Profiles2 records
Theoremus funding detail
Funding detailFunding overview
Funding rounds
Investors
Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Theoremus M&A and investment
M&A and investmentM&A
Investments
M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Frequently asked questions about Theoremus
What does Theoremus do?
Theoremus builds and operates event-driven big-data software platforms for two domains: smart urban mobility (e-ticketing, Automatic Vehicle Location, EMV open-loop fare engines, mobility analytics, schedule optimization) and digital waste management (IoT-based monitoring, fill-level forecasting, route optimization, JIT pickup). Its flagship deployment is the Sofia Ticketing System (STS), which handles approximately one million journeys per day for Sofia Urban Mobility Center using 5,000 validators and 5,000 CCTV cameras. The platforms are deployed via direct enterprise/B2G sales, subscription and licensing contracts, and an Open API Gateway that enables third-party merchant and data ecosystems.
Is Theoremus a public or private company?
Theoremus is a private company. It is classified as founder individual operated bootstrapped and is currently operating.
When was Theoremus founded?
Theoremus was founded in 2018. It employs 11 to 50 people.
Where is Theoremus based?
Theoremus is headquartered in Sofia, Bulgaria, in the Europe region.
How does Theoremus make money?
Four revenue lines are on record. Smart Urban Mobility Solutions are the primary driver. The others are digital Waste Management Solutions, open API Gateway Ecosystem and data Analytics Services.
Who are Theoremus's main competitors?
Direct peers on record are Masabi, Optibus, Conduent Transportation, Scheidt & Bachmann, Flowbird (formerly Parkeon), INIT GmbH (Innovation in Traffic Systems), Cubic Transportation Systems and Enevo (now ReGen). Broad incumbents are Thales Ground Transportation Systems and Siemens Mobility.
Does Theoremus have an API?
Yes. Theoremus provides an Open API Gateway as part of the Sofia Ticketing System (STS), enabling 3rd party merchants to obtain dynamic product catalogues, QR issuing services, and Top-up services for their digital wallets, apps and other platforms. The system also exposes GTFS and GTFS-real-time feeds as an open API for third-party MaaS (Mobility as a Service) applications. The AVL system integrates real-time data into GTFS real-time feeds exposed as an open API. Integration with payment acquirer host back-office systems processes EMV travel taps for fare calculation. API type is not explicitly stated but described as Open API / RESTful.
What industry is Theoremus in?
Theoremus's product category is Urban Mobility and Smart City Software. Its primary akta.pro industry code is THADALAJ, Mobility Data Exchange & Analytics Platforms (MDM, Data Hubs, Insights), with a secondary code of MPAGAJAF, Ticketing Technology & Integrations (APIs, Plugins, Webhooks). Its NAICS code is 5182 and its SIC code is 7373.