Developer docs
API playgroundTry for free, no card

Search company profiles

Asclepius MedTech

Full company profile

uuid003fkik

Namestring
Asclepius MedTech
Legal namestring
Asclepius MedTech Limited
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
2023
Descriptiontext

Asclepius MedTech Limited is a Leeds-based, privately-held medical technology company developing SurgFit™, a remote patient assessment system for pre- and post-operative surgical care. The platform combines a Class IIa CE-marked biosensor patch worn on the chest (capturing vital signs, activity, posture, and temperature over a multi-day window), a patient-facing mobile application for clinically validated health questionnaires, and a clinical dashboard that aggregates continuous wearable data with clinician-entered observations. AI-driven predictive algorithms compute a 'fitness for surgery index' intended to support surgical timing, pathway planning, and discharge decisions by clinical teams.

The company targets NHS hospital trusts and surgical teams as its primary customers, positioning SurgFit as a tool to address the UK surgical backlog (cited at 7.4 million people on NHS treatment waiting lists) and reduce the £13.7 billion annual cost of post-operative complications and readmissions. The product has been validated through a 200-patient observational clinical study completed in 2024, co-designed with patient and public involvement (PPIE) via the Leeds NIHR Surgical Technologies MedTech Co-operative.

The commercial model is a B2B subscription/licensing approach selling quote-based to NHS and hospital procurement, with phased market entry planned for the UK in 2026, the EU in 2027, and Canada and the USA in 2028. Funding to date consists of non-dilutive grants from NIHR and a £100,000 Mayor of West Yorkshire Big Ideas Challenge award, plus investment from NLC European HealthTech Venture Builder. The company is pre-revenue, with 1–10 employees and a leadership team that pairs commercial medtech experience (CEO Michael Morgan-Curran, CTO Ramm Mylvaganam) with clinical and NHS market access advisors.

Short descriptiontext

Asclepius MedTech is a Leeds-based pre-revenue medtech company developing SurgFit™, a Class IIa biosensor-based remote patient monitoring platform with AI predictive algorithms for pre- and post-operative surgical assessment, targeting NHS hospitals ahead of a planned UK 2026 launch.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
Headcount rangeband
1–10
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersEngland, Germany
HQ citystring
England
HQ countrystring
Germany
HQ regionstring
Europe
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices1 record

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
remote patient monitoring, preoperative surgical assessment, wearable biosensor devices, clinical decision support, physiological monitoring platform
Industry3 codes
1Surgical, Perioperative & ERAS Pathway Tools
CodeHLACAGAJPrimaryYes
2Clinical-Grade Vital Signs Monitoring (ECG, SpO2, BP, Temp, Respiration)
CodeHLACAPAIPrimaryNo
3Vital Signs Monitoring (Multi-parameter, Spot-Check & Continuous)
CodeHLAHACAAPrimaryNo
NAICS code2 codes
  • Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing339112
  • Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing3391
SIC code1 code
  • Surgical & Medical Instruments & Apparatus3841
Product category
Remote Patient Monitoring
Social media profiles1 record
GTM motion1 record

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

Revenue model1 record
1SurgFit™ Platform Licensing/Subscription
TypeSubscription Recurring
Description

B2B revenue model selling to NHS hospitals and healthcare providers. Platform provides remote monitoring services enabling hospitals to transform pre-operative assessment and move services into communities.

asclepius-medtech.com
Marketing channels4 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels1 record

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

Cost components4 values
Technology or R&D, Personnel, Operations, Marketing or Sales
GTM typeB2B
B2B
Offering typeSoftware
Software
Brand1 record
1Surgfit
Description

Remote patient assessment system for pre- and post-operative surgical care using a Class IIa regulated biosensor patch worn on the chest to record physiological data about patient's fitness, combined with health questionnaire data transmitted in real-time and visualised on hospital pre-operative team's clinical dashboard.

asclepius-medtech.com
Core offering1 text field

Asclepius MedTech offers Surgfit™, a remote patient assessment system for pre-operative surgical assessment. A Class IIa regulated biosensor patch is worn on the chest for 7 days to record physiological data (vital signs, activity, posture, temperature), combined with app-based health questionnaires, and transmitted in real time to a clinical dashboard. AI predictive algorithms process the longitudinal multimodal dataset to calculate a fitness-for-surgery index for hospital surgical teams.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Quantifiable outcome1 of 4 values shown
  • 25% reduction in NHS readmissions, saving £300M per year
+3 more records
Product overview1 text field

Asclepius MedTech Limited offers the Asclepius Platform, a remote continuous physiological monitoring system for pre- and post-operative surgical assessment. The platform's flagship product is Surgfit™, which consists of a CE-marked Class IIa wearable biosensor patch worn on the chest, the Asclepius App for patient data collection and health questionnaires, and a clinical dashboard for hospital pre-operative teams to view real-time patient data. The platform integrates wearable sensor data with AI-powered predictive analytics to calculate patient fitness for surgery, enabling clinicians to make more informed decisions about surgical timing, pathway planning, and discharge.

Product and service1 record
1Surgfit™ Remote Patient Assessment System
CategoryRemote Patient Monitoring Platform
Description

The first remote patient assessment system for pre-operative surgical assessment. Combines a Class IIa regulated chest-worn biosensor patch recording continuous physiological data, a patient-facing app for health questionnaires, and a clinical dashboard with AI predictive algorithms to produce a fitness-for-surgery index for hospital pre-operative teams. Sold to NHS hospital trusts and surgical teams.

Scale indicator6 records

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Partnership5 partners
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Significant funding from NIHR for proof-of-concept and quantitative studies. Collaborated with NIHR Surgical Technologies MedTech Co-operative for PPIE and clinical expert focus groups. Additional product development funding. Supported large 200-patient observational clinical study in 2024.

Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Dr. Neville Young serves as Director of Enterprise and Innovation at Yorkshire & Humber AHSN and provides market access advisory. AHSN supports health innovation adoption across the region.

3Leeds NIHR Surgical Technologies MedTech Co-operative
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Clinical collaboration for deep understanding of barriers to implementation and scalability, patient acceptability requirements, and co-design of clinical studies.

asclepius-medtech.com
Strategic tierMinorTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Professor David Jayne holds Bowel Cancer UK & RCS(Engl) Professor of Surgery role at University of Leeds. Provides clinical expertise and academic network access.

5NHS
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

NHS is both a partner and customer. Product aligns with NHS 10-Year Plan and supports NHS elective care recovery plan. Professor David Jayne is Honorary Consultant Surgeon at NHSLTHT.

asclepius-medtech.com
Recent move6 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight5 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers10 records
TypeDirect peer
Description

Remote patient monitoring platform used by health systems to manage patients pre- and post-procedure, including surgical pathways; competes for the same hospital RPM procurement slots.

TypeDirect peer
Description

AI-driven remote patient monitoring and predictive analytics platform that pairs continuous wearable biosensor data with clinical algorithms for hospital-at-home and post-discharge monitoring; directly comparable technology and commercial model.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Provides a continuous remote monitoring platform with a wearable biosensor and clinical dashboard for hospital and post-acute care, including surgical recovery use cases — a close functional analogue to SurgFit™.

TypeEmerging player
Description

Maker of regulated, consumer/clinical-grade wearable cardiac biosensors with AI interpretation; shares the wearable + AI + clinical dashboard paradigm even though its core indication is arrhythmia detection.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Major medtech incumbent offering patient monitoring solutions and perioperative care tools to hospitals; not focused exclusively on remote pre-op assessment but addresses overlapping clinical and budget priorities.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Digital health platform offering remote patient monitoring with regulated Class IIa software-as-a-medical-device capabilities across multiple therapeutic areas, including pre- and post-operative pathways; competes directly for hospital RPM budgets in the UK NHS and EU.

TypeOthers
Description

AI-driven clinical workflow company whose predictive AI for healthcare is adjacent to Asclepius's fitness-for-surgery index; not a direct RPM competitor but a possible ecosystem partner or downstream competitor in clinical decision support.

TypeEmerging player
Description

Wearable, regulated biosensor-based cardiac monitoring company whose technology and regulatory pathway (Class II medical device with continuous ambulatory monitoring) is technologically analogous to Asclepius's biosensor patch.

TypeEmerging player
Description

Digital surgery platform that uses data and analytics to improve surgical outcomes and perioperative workflows; addresses the same surgical pathway problem with a different (OR-focussed) data capture approach.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Large incumbent with broad RPM, wearable biosensor and clinical dashboard capabilities sold to hospitals globally; competes for the same NHS and EU procurement budgets as a wider portfolio player.

Market position
Strengths4 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Weaknesses5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat5 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks6 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights7 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Segment3 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Ideal customer profile2 records

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
Yes
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

AI capability2 records

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Feature3 records

Each record includes

Title, Differentiator, Description, Source

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Profiles6 records

Each record includes

Name, Designation, Designation category, Overview, Profile commentary, Source

No data
Compliance1 record

Each record includes

Name, Class, Description

Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds2 records

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors2 records

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Asclepius MedTech

Remote Patient Monitoringasclepius-medtech.com

Asclepius MedTech is a Leeds-based pre-revenue medtech company developing SurgFit™, a Class IIa biosensor-based remote patient monitoring platform with AI predictive algorithms for pre- and post-operative surgical assessment, targeting NHS hospitals ahead of a planned UK 2026 launch.

What Asclepius MedTech does

Asclepius MedTech Limited is a Leeds-based, privately-held medical technology company developing SurgFit™, a remote patient assessment system for pre- and post-operative surgical care. The platform combines a Class IIa CE-marked biosensor patch worn on the chest (capturing vital signs, activity, posture, and temperature over a multi-day window), a patient-facing mobile application for clinically validated health questionnaires, and a clinical dashboard that aggregates continuous wearable data with clinician-entered observations. AI-driven predictive algorithms compute a 'fitness for surgery index' intended to support surgical timing, pathway planning, and discharge decisions by clinical teams.

The company targets NHS hospital trusts and surgical teams as its primary customers, positioning SurgFit as a tool to address the UK surgical backlog (cited at 7.4 million people on NHS treatment waiting lists) and reduce the £13.7 billion annual cost of post-operative complications and readmissions. The product has been validated through a 200-patient observational clinical study completed in 2024, co-designed with patient and public involvement (PPIE) via the Leeds NIHR Surgical Technologies MedTech Co-operative.

The commercial model is a B2B subscription/licensing approach selling quote-based to NHS and hospital procurement, with phased market entry planned for the UK in 2026, the EU in 2027, and Canada and the USA in 2028. Funding to date consists of non-dilutive grants from NIHR and a £100,000 Mayor of West Yorkshire Big Ideas Challenge award, plus investment from NLC European HealthTech Venture Builder. The company is pre-revenue, with 1–10 employees and a leadership team that pairs commercial medtech experience (CEO Michael Morgan-Curran, CTO Ramm Mylvaganam) with clinical and NHS market access advisors.

Asclepius MedTech firmographics

Firmographics
Name
Asclepius MedTech
Legal name
Asclepius MedTech Limited
Website
https://asclepius-medtech.com
Company type
Private
Founded year
2023
Operating status
Operating
Headcount range
1–10 employees
Short description
Asclepius MedTech is a Leeds-based pre-revenue medtech company developing SurgFit™, a Class IIa biosensor-based remote patient monitoring platform with AI predictive algorithms for pre- and post-operative surgical assessment, targeting NHS hospitals ahead of a planned UK 2026 launch.
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

Asclepius MedTech industry classification

Industry
Product category
Remote Patient Monitoring
NAICS
Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing (339112), Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing (3391)
SIC
Surgical & Medical Instruments & Apparatus (3841)
akta.pro primary industry
Surgical, Perioperative & ERAS Pathway Tools (HLACAGAJ)
akta.pro secondary industries
Clinical-Grade Vital Signs Monitoring (ECG, SpO2, BP, Temp, Respiration) (HLACAPAI), Vital Signs Monitoring (Multi-parameter, Spot-Check & Continuous) (HLAHACAA)

Keywords

  • Remote patient monitoring
  • Preoperative surgical assessment
  • Wearable biosensor devices
  • Clinical decision support
  • Physiological monitoring platform

Where Asclepius MedTech is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
England
HQ country
Germany
HQ region
Europe

Offices1 record

Markets served

Asclepius MedTech business model

Business model
GTM type
B2B
Offering type
Software
Cost components
Technology or R&D, Personnel, Operations, Marketing or Sales

Revenue model

  1. SurgFit™ Platform Licensing/Subscription: B2B revenue model selling to NHS hospitals and healthcare providers. Platform provides remote monitoring services enabling hospitals to transform pre-operative assessment and move services into communities.

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels1 record

Marketing channels4 records

Asclepius MedTech product offering

Product offering

Core offering

Asclepius MedTech offers Surgfit™, a remote patient assessment system for pre-operative surgical assessment. A Class IIa regulated biosensor patch is worn on the chest for 7 days to record physiological data (vital signs, activity, posture, temperature), combined with app-based health questionnaires, and transmitted in real time to a clinical dashboard. AI predictive algorithms process the longitudinal multimodal dataset to calculate a fitness-for-surgery index for hospital surgical teams.

Product overview

Asclepius MedTech Limited offers the Asclepius Platform, a remote continuous physiological monitoring system for pre- and post-operative surgical assessment. The platform's flagship product is Surgfit™, which consists of a CE-marked Class IIa wearable biosensor patch worn on the chest, the Asclepius App for patient data collection and health questionnaires, and a clinical dashboard for hospital pre-operative teams to view real-time patient data. The platform integrates wearable sensor data with AI-powered predictive analytics to calculate patient fitness for surgery, enabling clinicians to make more informed decisions about surgical timing, pathway planning, and discharge.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

  • Surgfit: Remote patient assessment system for pre- and post-operative surgical care using a Class IIa regulated biosensor patch worn on the chest to record physiological data about patient's fitness, combined with health questionnaire data transmitted in real-time and visualised on hospital pre-operative team's clinical dashboard.

Products and services

  • Surgfit™ Remote Patient Assessment System The first remote patient assessment system for pre-operative surgical assessment. Combines a Class IIa regulated chest-worn biosensor patch recording continuous physiological data, a patient-facing app for health questionnaires, and a clinical dashboard with AI predictive algorithms to produce a fitness-for-surgery index for hospital pre-operative teams. Sold to NHS hospital trusts and surgical teams.

Quantifiable outcome

  • 25% reduction in NHS readmissions, saving £300M per year
  • +3 more outcomes

Companies that use Asclepius MedTech

Customer profile

Segments3 records

Ideal customer profiles2 records

Asclepius MedTech technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed Yes

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

AI capability2 records

Feature3 records

Asclepius MedTech partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Partnerships

Five partnerships are on record, tiered core and minor.

  • NIHR (National Institute of Health and Care Research)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerSignificant funding from NIHR for proof-of-concept and quantitative studies. Collaborated with NIHR Surgical Technologies MedTech Co-operative for PPIE and clinical expert focus groups. Additional product development funding. Supported large 200-patient observational clinical study in 2024.
  • Yorkshire & Humber AHSNcoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerDr. Neville Young serves as Director of Enterprise and Innovation at Yorkshire & Humber AHSN and provides market access advisory. AHSN supports health innovation adoption across the region.
  • Leeds NIHR Surgical Technologies MedTech Co-operativecoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerClinical collaboration for deep understanding of barriers to implementation and scalability, patient acceptability requirements, and co-design of clinical studies.
  • University of Leeds / Bowel Cancer UK & RCS(Engl) Professor of SurgeryminorStrategic or Co-development PartnerProfessor David Jayne holds Bowel Cancer UK & RCS(Engl) Professor of Surgery role at University of Leeds. Provides clinical expertise and academic network access.
  • NHScoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerNHS is both a partner and customer. Product aligns with NHS 10-Year Plan and supports NHS elective care recovery plan. Professor David Jayne is Honorary Consultant Surgeon at NHSLTHT.

Scale indicators6 records

Recent moves6 records

Expansion highlights5 records

Asclepius MedTech competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Direct peers

  • Vivify Health (Optum): Remote patient monitoring platform used by health systems to manage patients pre- and post-procedure, including surgical pathways; competes for the same hospital RPM procurement slots.
  • Biofourmis: AI-driven remote patient monitoring and predictive analytics platform that pairs continuous wearable biosensor data with clinical algorithms for hospital-at-home and post-discharge monitoring; directly comparable technology and commercial model.
  • Current Health (acquired by Best Buy Health): Provides a continuous remote monitoring platform with a wearable biosensor and clinical dashboard for hospital and post-acute care, including surgical recovery use cases — a close functional analogue to SurgFit™.
  • Huma (formerly Medopad): Digital health platform offering remote patient monitoring with regulated Class IIa software-as-a-medical-device capabilities across multiple therapeutic areas, including pre- and post-operative pathways; competes directly for hospital RPM budgets in the UK NHS and EU.

Emerging players

  • AliveCor: Maker of regulated, consumer/clinical-grade wearable cardiac biosensors with AI interpretation; shares the wearable + AI + clinical dashboard paradigm even though its core indication is arrhythmia detection.
  • iRhythm Technologies: Wearable, regulated biosensor-based cardiac monitoring company whose technology and regulatory pathway (Class II medical device with continuous ambulatory monitoring) is technologically analogous to Asclepius's biosensor patch.
  • Caresyntax: Digital surgery platform that uses data and analytics to improve surgical outcomes and perioperative workflows; addresses the same surgical pathway problem with a different (OR-focussed) data capture approach.

Broad incumbents

  • GE Healthcare: Major medtech incumbent offering patient monitoring solutions and perioperative care tools to hospitals; not focused exclusively on remote pre-op assessment but addresses overlapping clinical and budget priorities.
  • Philips Remote Patient Monitoring: Large incumbent with broad RPM, wearable biosensor and clinical dashboard capabilities sold to hospitals globally; competes for the same NHS and EU procurement budgets as a wider portfolio player.

Others

  • Hippocratic AI: AI-driven clinical workflow company whose predictive AI for healthcare is adjacent to Asclepius's fitness-for-surgery index; not a direct RPM competitor but a possible ecosystem partner or downstream competitor in clinical decision support.

Market position

Strengths4 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat5 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

Asclepius MedTech social profiles

Digital presence

Asclepius MedTech compliance and trust

Trust signal

Compliance1 record

Asclepius MedTech financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Asclepius MedTech leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Profiles6 records

Asclepius MedTech funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds2 records

Investors2 records

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Asclepius MedTech M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Asclepius MedTech

What does Asclepius MedTech do?

Asclepius MedTech offers Surgfit™, a remote patient assessment system for pre-operative surgical assessment. A Class IIa regulated biosensor patch is worn on the chest for 7 days to record physiological data (vital signs, activity, posture, temperature), combined with app-based health questionnaires, and transmitted in real time to a clinical dashboard. AI predictive algorithms process the longitudinal multimodal dataset to calculate a fitness-for-surgery index for hospital surgical teams.

Is Asclepius MedTech a public or private company?

Asclepius MedTech is a private company. It is classified as venture growth investor backed and is currently operating.

When was Asclepius MedTech founded?

Asclepius MedTech was founded in 2023. It employs 1 to 10 people.

Where is Asclepius MedTech based?

Asclepius MedTech is headquartered in England, Germany, in the Europe region.

How does Asclepius MedTech make money?

One revenue line is on record: surgFit™ Platform Licensing/Subscription.

Who are Asclepius MedTech's main competitors?

Direct peers on record are Vivify Health (Optum), Biofourmis, Current Health (acquired by Best Buy Health) and Huma (formerly Medopad). Emerging players are AliveCor, iRhythm Technologies and Caresyntax. Broad incumbents are GE Healthcare and Philips Remote Patient Monitoring. Hippocratic AI is listed as an others.

Does Asclepius MedTech have an API?

No public API is recorded for Asclepius MedTech.

What industry is Asclepius MedTech in?

Asclepius MedTech's product category is Remote Patient Monitoring. Its primary akta.pro industry code is HLACAGAJ, Surgical, Perioperative & ERAS Pathway Tools, with a secondary code of HLACAPAI, Clinical-Grade Vital Signs Monitoring (ECG, SpO2, BP, Temp, Respiration). Its NAICS code is 339112 and its SIC code is 3841.

Unlock the full company data

50 free credits on sign-up, no credit card required.

Contact sales
Live signals
Med-Tech InsightsAsclepius MedTech Limited named winner of big ideas challengeLeeds-based Asclepius MedTech Limited has been named a winner of the Mayor's big ideas challenge: tackling health inequalities, an initiative led by the Mayor of West Yorkshire, receiving £100,000 in funding to scale Surgfit, a remote patient assessment system for pre- and post-operative surgical care. The wearable sensor technology addresses a critical gap where one-third of patients miss vital surgical risk assessments because current hospital tests are inaccessible for frail or disabled people, with patients from minority ethnic groups and the poorest communities in West Yorkshire 50% more likely to miss appointments. The Mayor's Big Ideas Challenge was launched in February 2025 to accelerate innovative products and technologies addressing health inequalities across the region, funded by the UK Government through the UK Shared Prosperity Fund.BusinessCloud3 HealthTechs win West Yorkshire Mayor’s big ideas challengeThree HealthTech companies — Asclepius MedTech Ltd, Harmonai Hub, and Mind Body Goals — have been announced as winners of the Mayor's big ideas challenge in West Yorkshire, each securing a £100,000 grant to commercialize their health technology solutions. The challenge was launched by Mayor Tracy Brabin in February 2025 to address health inequalities across West Yorkshire, with 19 finalists previously selected in July 2025 and awarded £20,000 each. The three winners will also receive a bespoke support package from Innovate UK to accelerate the development and implementation of their respective technologies.