What JD.com does

JD.com is China's largest retailer by revenue (US$187.2 billion in 2025 net revenues), operating an integrated e-commerce and supply-chain platform founded in 2004 and dual-listed on NASDAQ (JD) and HKEX (9618). The consumer-facing core is JD Retail, which manages 10 million+ self-operated SKUs across electronics, home appliances, fresh produce, apparel, beauty, automotive services, and industrial supplies, supported by 10,000+ physical outlets (JD MALL, JD E-Space, City Flagship Stores, JD Five Star Appliances, 7FRESH) and a mobile-first experience with 90%+ orders placed via mobile. The company serves 700+ million annual active customers through same-day and next-day delivery, anchored by JD Logistics' self-built infrastructure of 3,600+ warehouses spanning 34 million sqm GFA across six synergized networks (warehousing, line-haul, last-mile, bulky items, cold chain, cross-border).

The business operates a platform-plus-modules architecture: JD Retail (1P direct + marketplace), JD Logistics (HKEX:2618, supply chain and logistics), JD Technology (AI, big data, cloud, IoT serving 100 cities and 2,500+ enterprises), JD Health (HKEX:6618, healthcare), JD Industrials (HKEX:7618, industrial supply chain), JD Property (280+ infrastructure assets, RMB 120B AUM), JD Cross-Border/JD Global Sales/Joybuy/Ochama (cross-border and European retail), JD NOW/JD Travel/JD Home Services (instant retail and lifestyle), and JD Finance/JD Digits (fintech). International reach spans 23 countries in JD Logistics International, 36 countries in JD Global Sales, and 22+ operating geographies overall including the US, UK, Germany, France, Netherlands, Japan, Korea, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Hungary, and Turkey. Revenue is generated through direct e-commerce product sales (JD Retail), subscription/managed-service fees for technology, logistics, industrial, and property offerings, marketplace commissions on third-party merchants, and B2B enterprise procurement via JD Enterprise Purchasing (企业购) with credit terms and dedicated procurement tooling.

Technology and differentiation rest on self-built logistics scale, a zero-tolerance counterfeit policy with permanent merchant bans, in-house AI/big-data/cloud/IoT stacks, and ecosystem integrations including Huawei's HarmonyOS Meta Services (190M+ MAUs). Recent strategic moves include the A2P2 Protocol for AI agent payments (June 2026), a strategic partnership with BYD for nationwide EV fast-charging and retail EV service stations (June 2026), the IKEA flagship store launch on jd.com (August 2025, 6,500 products across 168 categories), and JD Logistics' international expansion across 23 countries. The company was ranked #44 on the Fortune Global 500 in 2024 (previously #52 in 2023) and is incorporated in the Cayman Islands with operational headquarters in Beijing.

Name

JD.com

Legal name

JD.com, Inc.

Website

https://jd.com

Company type

Public

Founded year

2004

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

5,001–10,000 employees

Short description

JD.com is China's largest retailer by revenue (US$187.2B in 2025), operating an integrated e-commerce and self-built logistics platform serving 700+ million annual active customers across retail, logistics, technology, healthcare, industrial supply chain, and property, with operations spanning 23+ countries.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Product category

Online Retail & E-commerce

NAICS

Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (423840), Computing Infrastructure Providers, Data Processing, Web Hosting, and Related Services (51821), Other Commercial Equipment Merchant Wholesalers (42344)

SIC

Wholesale-Computers & Peripheral Equipment & Software (5045), Wholesale-Professional & Commercial Equipment & Supplies (5040)

akta.pro primary industry

Vendor & Contract Management (Software/Cloud) (BPAEAOAD)

akta.pro secondary industry

IT Procurement & Sourcing Services (Hardware/Software) (BPAEAOAG)

Keywords

• Online retail platform
• Supply chain logistics
• E-commerce marketplace
• Integrated fulfillment services
• Technology-driven retail

Headquarters

HQ city

Beijing Shi

HQ country

China

HQ region

Asia

Offices2 records

Markets served

GTM type

B2B and B2C

Offering type

Digital Commerce or Content

Cost components

Supply Chain, Infrastructure, Technology or R&D, Personnel, Marketing or Sales, Operations

Revenue model

1. JD Retail (E-commerce product sales): JD Retail is China's largest retailer by revenue, offering direct sales and marketplace models across comprehensive category coverage including computers, electronics, mobile devices, home appliances, consumer goods, apparel, beauty products, fresh produce, automotive services, and industrial supplies. JD Retail manages 10-million-level self-operated SKUs and serves as the primary revenue driver.
2. JD Logistics (Supply chain and logistics services): JINGDONG Logistics (HKEX: 2618) is a technology-driven supply chain solutions and logistics services provider. Listed on Hong Kong Stock Exchange in May 2021, it provides end-to-end supply chain solutions and high-quality logistics services across a wide range of industries for both business clients and consumers.
3. JD Technology (Technology services): JD Technology provides technology services to private and public sector clients using AI, big data, cloud computing, and IoT. It serves 100 cities, over 1,000 financial institutions, over 2.5 million micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises, over 2,500 large enterprises, and more than 500 million individual users.
4. JD Health (Healthcare products and services): JD Health (HKEX: 6618) is a leading provider of healthcare products, services, and integrated solutions. Its technology-driven platform focuses on the user's lifelong healthcare needs by enhancing the supply chain of pharmaceutical and healthcare products and strengthening healthcare services.
5. JD Industrials (Industrial supply chain technology): JINGDONG Industrials (HKEX: 7618) delivers digitally intelligent supply chain solutions across industrial manufacturing sectors, enabling industrial supply chains to reduce costs, improve efficiency, ensure supply stability, and maintain compliance.
6. JD Property (Real estate and asset management): JINGDONG Property (JDP) is a modern infrastructure investment and asset management platform covering logistics parks, business parks, and data centers. By end of 2025, it managed over 280 modern infrastructure assets globally with total GFA exceeding 27 million square meters and total asset management scale exceeding RMB 120 billion.
7. JD Cross-Border (Cross-border e-commerce): JD Cross-Border specializes in cross-border e-commerce and duty-free retail, leveraging JD's digitally intelligent supply chain through bonded or direct-mail models to help brands and merchants enter the Chinese market.

Pricing tiers

Go-to-market motion2 records

Distribution channels8 records

Marketing channels4 records

Core offering

JD.com operates a direct-sales and marketplace online retail platform offering 10 million+ self-operated SKUs across electronics, appliances, apparel, fresh produce, and general merchandise, supported by a self-built nationwide logistics network of 3,600+ warehouses spanning 34 million square meters. The company also extends its supply chain technology, healthcare, industrial, and infrastructure services to enterprise and government clients through JD Logistics, JD Technology, JD Health, JD Industrials, and JD Property.

Product overview

JD.com is a technology and services enterprise with supply chain at its core, operating as a platform-plus-modules architecture. The core offerings include JD Retail (e-commerce platform with 10-million+ SKUs and 10,000+ physical outlets), JD Logistics (supply chain and logistics with 3,600+ warehouses), JD Technology (AI/big data/cloud services), JD Health (healthcare), JD Industrials (industrial supply chain), and JD Property (infrastructure). Key sub-brands include JD Cross-Border and JD Global Sales (cross-border e-commerce), Joybuy and Ochama (European retail), 7FRESH (fresh food), JD NOW (instant retail), and JD Travel/Home Services (lifestyle). Recent product launches include the A2P2 Protocol for AI agent payments (June 2026) and the IKEA Flagship Store (August 2025). The ecosystem enables delivery within hours, serving over 700 million annual active customers with integrated retail, logistics, and technology services.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

• 7FRESH: Fresh food retail format including 7FRESH Gourmet Mall and 7FRESH Kitchen
• JD MALL
• JD E-Space
• City Flagship Stores
• JD Five Star Appliances
• JD Home
• JD Auto Service Stores
• JD NOW
• JD Travel
• JD Home Services
• JD Finance (JD Digits)
• JINGDONG Property (JD Property)
• JINGDONG Industrials (JD Industrials)
• Joybuy
• Ochama

Products and services

• JD Retail Leading online retail platform offering comprehensive category coverage including computers, electronics, mobile devices, home appliances, consumer goods, apparel, beauty, fresh produce, automotive services, and industrial supplies with 10 million+ self-operated SKUs and a physical retail network of 10,000+ outlets including JD MALL, JD E-Space, and 7FRESH.
• JD Logistics Technology-driven supply chain solutions and logistics services provider (HKEX: 2618) operating six synergized networks including warehousing, line-haul, last-mile delivery, bulky items, cold chain, and cross-border logistics, managing over 3,600 warehouses with total GFA exceeding 34 million square meters.
• JD Technology Technology services provider for private and public sector clients using AI, big data, cloud computing, and IoT, serving 100 cities, over 1,000 financial institutions, over 2.5 million SMEs, over 2,500 large enterprises, and more than 500 million individual users.
• JD Health Leading healthcare products, services, and integrated solutions provider (HKEX: 6618) operating a technology-driven platform that serves users' lifelong healthcare needs by enhancing pharmaceutical and healthcare product supply chain and strengthening healthcare services.
• JD Industrials Industrial supply chain technology and service provider (HKEX: 7618) delivering end-to-end digitally intelligent supply chain solutions across industrial manufacturing sectors, helping reduce costs, improve efficiency, ensure supply stability, and maintain compliance.
• JD Property Modern infrastructure investment and asset management platform offering logistics parks, business parks, and data centers, managing over 280 modern infrastructure assets globally with total GFA exceeding 27 million square meters and total asset management scale exceeding RMB 120 billion by end of 2025.
• JD Cross-Border Cross-border e-commerce and duty-free retail service leveraging JD's digitally intelligent supply chain through bonded or direct-mail models, supporting brands and merchants entering the Chinese market.
• JD Global Sales International e-commerce platform extending JD.com's end-to-end ecosystem to overseas Chinese consumers, operating through eleven key hubs across Asia-Pacific, North America, and Oceania, delivering to 36 countries worldwide.
• Joybuy JD.com's online retail business in Europe available in the UK, Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg, with the slogan 'Don't just buy, Joybuy.'
• Ochama Europe-based one-stop shop offering a full range of A-brand products; online orders can be collected from pickup points or delivered to customers' homes for a seamless omnichannel experience.
• 7FRESH Fresh food retail format including 7FRESH Gourmet Mall and 7FRESH Kitchen, part of JD Retail's physical retail network.
• JD NOW Instant retail service enabling delivery within an hour for retail services, part of JD Retail's local lifestyle businesses.

Quantifiable outcome

• Over 700 million annual active customers served
• +3 more outcomes

Named customers4 records

Segments4 records

Ideal customer profiles4 records

Technology focussed Yes

API detail

Has API

Yes

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

AI capability6 records

Feature3 records

Partnerships

Four partnerships are on record, tiered core and flagship.

• BYDcoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 2 June 2026BYD and JD.com signed a strategic partnership to expand fast-charging infrastructure and develop integrated retail EV service stations across China. The collaboration combines BYD's EV and charging technology expertise with JD.com's nationwide logistics network and retail infrastructure to create charging destinations offering retail services, convenience offerings, and digital engagement alongside vehicle charging. The partnership aims to accelerate China's EV adoption by addressing charging accessibility, supporting commercial fleet electrification, and contributing to China's broader sustainability and clean transportation objectives.
• IKEAflagshipChannel Partner/ Reseller/ Distributor · 4 August 2025IKEA launched its official flagship store on JD.com on August 4, 2025, offering 6,500 products across 168 categories to Chinese consumers. IKEA leverages JD Logistics' nationwide delivery network to fulfill orders and reach regions beyond its physical store footprint in China. The partnership strengthens IKEA's omnichannel strategy in China under its 'Growth+' framework and aligns with the 130% YoY growth in international brands joining JD Home in H1 2025.
• Huawei (HarmonyOS Meta Services ecosystem)flagshipStrategic or Co-development PartnerJD.com is a key partner in Huawei's HarmonyOS Meta Services ecosystem at HDC 2026, featuring AI-powered contextual service distribution with the negative-one-screen now serving over 190 million monthly active users. JD.com showcased deployment results within this ecosystem enabling AI-driven service discovery and conversion.
• China State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR)coreOthersChina's State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) issued draft regulations targeting unfair competition among food delivery platforms, proposing rules that would prohibit platforms from coercing merchants into subsidy schemes and shifting subsidy costs. JD.com's delivery platform, Meituan, and Alibaba's Taobao Shangou all issued statements supporting the proposals, with the draft open for public comment until July 17.

Scale indicators17 records

Recent moves17 records

Expansion highlights6 records

Direct peers

• Alibaba Group: Alibaba is JD.com's closest direct competitor in Chinese e-commerce, operating the Taobao/Tmall marketplaces, Cainiao logistics network, and Alibaba Cloud. Both companies serve Chinese consumers and enterprises with integrated retail and cloud offerings, and JD and Alibaba frequently compete for the same merchant relationships and GMV share.
• Coupang: Coupang is South Korea's leading e-commerce platform with proprietary end-to-end fulfillment (Rocket Delivery) and a growing global presence, making it the most direct international analog to JD's integrated retail + logistics model. Both emphasize owned warehouses, fast delivery, and authentic-product guarantees.
• SF Express (SF Holding): SF Express is China's leading third-party logistics provider and a direct competitor to JD Logistics for enterprise supply chain contracts and last-mile delivery. SF's strong presence in Huawei's HarmonyOS ecosystem (shown alongside JD in partner showcases) highlights the deep overlap between the two players.
• Meituan: Meituan is China's dominant instant-retail and local services platform, directly competing with JD's JD NOW instant retail, 7FRESH fresh-grocery, and JD Home Services offerings. Meituan's delivery network and SAMR-regulated subsidy dynamics are central competitive and regulatory pressure points for JD.
• PDD Holdings (Pinduoduo): PDD operates Temu and Pinduoduo, China's leading discount e-commerce platforms competing head-on with JD.com for value-conscious Chinese consumers and, via Temu, for global cross-border share. PDD's lighter marketplace model and aggressive pricing put sustained margin pressure on JD Retail.

Emerging players

• Mercado Libre: Mercado Libre operates Latin America's largest integrated e-commerce and fintech platform with proprietary fulfillment (Mercado Envíos). Its combined retail-logistics-payments flywheel and emerging-market focus make it a structural peer to JD's expanding international ambitions.

Broad incumbents

• Walmart: Walmart competes with JD.com via its global e-commerce platform and increasingly automated fulfillment network, including Walmart+ membership. Walmart's omnichannel retail-and-supply-chain integration parallels JD's 10,000+ physical outlets plus nationwide warehouse model.
• Sea Limited (Shopee): Sea Limited operates Shopee, the leading e-commerce platform across Southeast Asia—the same geographic expansion target for JD Global Sales and JD Logistics International. Shopee's marketplace-first approach contrasts with JD's hybrid 1P/3P model, but the regional competitive overlap is direct.
• Amazon: Amazon is the global analog of JD.com—operating an integrated e-commerce, logistics (Fulfillment by Amazon), and cloud computing (AWS) platform with a heavy emphasis on first-party retail and self-built fulfillment. JD's vertically integrated model directly mirrors Amazon's flywheel of retail + logistics + cloud.

Regional players

• Vipshop Holdings: Vipshop is a major Chinese flash-sale and discount e-commerce platform focused on apparel and lifestyle categories. While smaller than JD and Alibaba, Vipshop directly competes for the same Chinese consumer wallet in fashion and beauty, making it a relevant vertical peer.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat7 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

• Xtwitter.com/JD_Corporate
• YouTubeyoutube.com/channel/UCkr_5RkEDK7_P8x1k7Z6fQA
• Facebookfacebook.com/jd.corporate
• LinkedInlinkedin.com/company/jd-com
• Instagraminstagram.com/jd_corporate

Compliance10 records

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Subsidiaries9 records

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about JD.com