Watt Time

What Watt Time does

WattTime is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit founded in 2014 by UC Berkeley researchers and headquartered in Oakland, California. It builds proprietary marginal emissions modeling technology—primarily the Marginal Operating Emissions Rate (MOER)—that quantifies the carbon intensity of adding or removing one megawatt of electricity from a power grid at any given moment. Its platform is delivered exclusively as an API exposing CO2 marginal, CO2 average, and Health Damage data signals at 5-minute granularity across 342 grid regions in 210+ countries and territories, supported by three modeling methodologies (binned regression, proxy regression, and synthetic demand proxy regression) tailored to regional data availability.

The company's commercial offering is structured around tiered API subscriptions (Basic free, Analyst paid, Pro enterprise), supplemented by grant funding from major foundations and individual supporters. Its go-to-market is API-first and dual distribution: direct enterprise subscriptions for data access, and embedded integration partnerships with hyperscalers, OEMs, and IoT manufacturers—notably Microsoft (Azure carbon-aware workloads), Google Nest (smart thermostats), Salesforce (sustainability reporting), Toyota (EV smart charging), and Dell Technologies (grid-aware IT)—through which its Automated Emissions Reduction (AER) technology has reached over one billion connected devices. WattTime also serves as secretariat of the Climate TRACE coalition (founded 2020 with Al Gore), an effort that applies satellite imagery and AI to track global greenhouse gas emissions and has been recognized by Time Magazine, Fast Company, and the Sierra Club.

WattTime monetizes three product families directly: (1) its core WattTime API plus load-shifting / AER technology (targeting IoT OEMs, EV companies, data center operators, smart building platforms); (2) Renewables Siting analytics (helping developers identify high-impact grid locations for new clean energy); and (3) Supply Chain Decarbonization tools, including a free Scope 2 Carbon Calculator co-developed with REsurety. The customer base spans technology, automotive, energy services, and renewable energy developers, served via both direct enterprise contracts and partner-embedded distribution.

Name

Watt Time

Legal name

WattTime Corporation

Website

https://watttime.org

Company type

Private

Founded year

2014

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

11–50 employees

Short description

WattTime is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that delivers an API for real-time marginal electricity emissions data (MOER) across 210+ countries, serving IoT manufacturers, cloud providers, EV companies, and smart building operators with carbon-aware load shifting technology.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Product category

Climate-tech / Grid Carbon Emissions Data Platform

NAICS

Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution (2211)

SIC

Electric, Gas & Sanitary Services (4900)

akta.pro primary industry

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) & Smart Metering (EUADAPAB)

akta.pro secondary industry

Home Energy & EV Charging (HEMS, Smart Meters, Batteries, Chargers) (HSAPAQAF)

Keywords

• Grid emissions data
• Marginal emissions API
• Carbon-aware software
• Load shifting technology
• Renewables siting analytics

Headquarters

HQ city

Oakland

HQ country

United States

HQ region

North America

Offices1 record

Markets served

GTM type

B2B

Offering type

Software

Cost components

Personnel, Technology or R&D, Infrastructure, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Others

Revenue model

1. Data API Subscriptions: WattTime generates revenue through tiered API subscription plans (Basic, Analyst, and Pro) that provide access to their marginal emissions data. Pricing varies by geographic coverage and support level, with annual billing. The company operates exclusively as a data and API provider with no hardware sales.

Pricing tiers

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels2 records

Marketing channels4 records

Core offering

WattTime develops and operates an API platform that supplies real-time and forecast marginal emissions data (MOER), average carbon intensity (AOER), and health damage signals for electricity grids across 200+ countries. Its data and Automated Emissions Reduction (AER) technology enable IoT manufacturers, cloud providers, EV companies, energy services firms, and smart building operators to time-shift flexible loads to cleaner grid periods, optimize renewable energy siting, and run supply-chain emissions accounting.

Product overview

WattTime is an API-based platform providing grid emissions intelligence for carbon-aware applications. The core platform consists of the WattTime API delivering marginal emissions rates (MOER), health damage data, and average emissions (AOER) at 5-minute granularity across 342 grid regions in 210+ countries. The Load Shifting Solutions and Automated Emissions Reduction (AER) technology enable smart devices to automatically optimize their operation timing to minimize carbon impact, integrated with over one billion smart devices. The Scope 2 Carbon Calculator (partnered with REsurety) provides free emissions accounting. Additional offerings include Renewables Siting analytics for optimal renewable installation locations and Supply Chain Decarbonization assessment services.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Products and services

• WattTime API Public REST API providing real-time and forecast marginal emissions rates (MOER), average emissions (AOER), and health-damage data for electricity grids worldwide, available to enterprise customers via tiered subscriptions (Basic, Analyst, Pro) at 5-minute granularity with 72-hour forecast horizon.
• Load Shifting Solutions Carbon-aware load shifting technology that optimizes the timing of flexible electricity loads (EV charging, smart thermostats, water heaters, batteries) to minimize carbon emissions by shifting consumption to cleaner grid periods.
• Automated Emissions Reduction (AER) Embeddable technology that automatically reduces emissions by optimizing device operation timing based on real-time grid carbon intensity data, integrated into more than one billion smart devices via partners such as Microsoft, Google Nest, Toyota, Dell Technologies, and Salesforce.
• Renewables Siting Analytics solution that uses locational marginal emissions data to identify optimal sites for new wind and solar projects, helping renewable developers prioritize locations where clean energy displaces the dirtiest generation.
• Supply Chain Decarbonization Assessment and analytics service that helps organizations evaluate and reduce emissions across their supplier networks and supply chain operations using granular marginal emissions data.
• CO2 MOER Data Signal Marginal Operating Emissions Rate data feed providing real-time and forecast carbon intensity of electricity generation at the margin, enabling carbon-aware decisions across applications.
• Health Damage Signal Data signal providing health-damage metrics associated with electricity generation emissions, quantifying the human health impacts of grid operations in addition to carbon intensity.

Quantifiable outcome

• Load shifting can reduce computing emissions by up to 20%
• +1 more outcomes

Named customers5 records

Segments5 records

Ideal customer profiles4 records

Technology focussed Yes

API detail

Has API

Yes

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

AI capability3 records

Feature8 records

Partnerships

Eleven partnerships are on record, tiered core and minor.

• Dell TechnologiescoreTechnology or Integration · 1 January 2021Dell Technologies partnered with WattTime to integrate grid-aware IT capabilities, enabling carbon-conscious data center and edge computing deployments.
• MicrosoftcoreTechnology or IntegrationMicrosoft integrates WattTime's marginal emissions data into their cloud computing infrastructure, enabling carbon-aware Azure workloads that shift computing to cleaner grid times.
• Google NestcoreTechnology or IntegrationGoogle Nest integrates WattTime's emissions data into smart thermostats, enabling automatic scheduling of heating and cooling to reduce carbon footprint based on real-time grid conditions.
• SalesforcecoreTechnology or IntegrationSalesforce uses WattTime's emissions data for carbon-aware cloud infrastructure and sustainability reporting features.
• ToyotacoreTechnology or IntegrationToyota integrates WattTime's data for smart electric vehicle charging, optimizing charging times based on grid carbon intensity.
• Boston UniversitycoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerAcademic partnership for research and development of emissions modeling methodologies, with Boston University researchers collaborating on the marginal emissions science.
• ClearloopminorStrategic or Co-development PartnerEnvironmental impact company focused on carbon reduction, partnering on joint sustainability initiatives.
• DNV GLminorStrategic or Co-development PartnerEnergy and sustainability advisory firm collaborating on grid emissions analysis and verification.
• Great Lakes Protection FundminorStrategic or Co-development PartnerEnvironmental foundation collaborating on regional grid emissions analysis and Great Lakes area sustainability initiatives.
• Nightingale HQminorStrategic or Co-development PartnerPartnership for Carbon-Aware AI development, combining WattTime's emissions data with Nightingale's AI capabilities.
• Climate TRACEcoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerWattTime co-founded Climate TRACE, a coalition using satellite imagery and AI to track global greenhouse gas emissions. Climate TRACE has been recognized by Time Magazine and Fast Company.

Scale indicators5 records

Recent moves6 records

Expansion highlights6 records

Direct peers

• Tomorrow (now part of Watershed): API-first carbon data and accounting platform acquired by Watershed. Comparable to WattTime in delivering programmatic emissions data to developers and enterprises, and in serving carbon-aware product use cases.
• Patch: API platform for carbon credit purchasing and emissions data, serving developers and product teams that embed carbon intelligence into applications — directly overlapping WattTime's API-first, embeddable-emissions go-to-market.
• Cloverly: Carbon API enabling businesses to calculate and offset emissions programmatically. Closely aligned with WattTime's developer-focused, integration-first emissions data distribution model.

Broad incumbents

• Watershed: Enterprise carbon accounting and reduction platform. Operates in the same enterprise sustainability stack as WattTime but with a broader portfolio (accounting, reduction, reporting) rather than specializing in real-time marginal grid emissions.
• Persefoni: Climate management and carbon accounting platform for enterprises. Competes for the same enterprise sustainability budgets as WattTime but is positioned as a full-stack accounting and disclosure platform rather than a real-time emissions data API.
• Salesforce Net Zero Cloud: Salesforce's enterprise sustainability suite. As both a WattTime customer and a potential competitor, Salesforce offers overlapping emissions accounting capabilities bundled into its broader CRM platform.
• Microsoft Sustainability Manager: Microsoft's sustainability data and reporting platform. Comparable to WattTime in targeting enterprise carbon data workflows and overlaps in customer base (Microsoft is a WattTime partner); represents both a distribution channel and a competitive risk.

Emerging players

• SINAI Technologies: Decarbonization intelligence platform for enterprises, focusing on emissions pricing and reduction planning. Comparable in serving corporate sustainability teams with emissions analytics, though with less emphasis on real-time grid-edge signals.
• Greenly: Carbon accounting platform for SMBs and mid-market. Competes with WattTime's supply-chain decarbonization and Scope 2 reporting use cases, though at smaller scale and primarily European focus.

Others

• REsurety: Renewable energy analytics and Scope 2 carbon calculator provider that integrates WattTime's data. Comparable in the renewables siting and Scope 2 emissions space, and a partner that could expand into a more directly competitive offering.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat5 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

• Xx.com/wattTime
• LinkedInlinkedin.com/company/watttime

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Profiles3 records

Funding overview

Funding rounds6 records

Investors5 records

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Watt Time