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Greenpeace

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uuid0006fta

Namestring
Greenpeace
Legal namestring
Greenpeace International
Websiteurl
greenpeace.org
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
1971
Descriptiontext

Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organization that uses peaceful protest, creative confrontation, and investigative journalism to expose environmental problems and pressure governments and corporations toward sustainable solutions. Founded in 1971 in Vancouver, Canada, and now coordinated by Greenpeace International from Amsterdam, it operates through a federated network of approximately 40 national and regional offices spanning Europe, the Americas, Asia-Pacific, Africa, and MENA. The organization's core offerings are not products in a commercial sense but rather campaigns, advocacy publications, investigative reports, documentaries (including the Gaslit film with Jane Fonda and the Animales en Peligro series), and direct-action operations conducted via the Rainbow Warrior and Arctic Sunrise ships.

Greenpeace's business model is funded almost exclusively through individual donations, monthly recurring giving programs, and legacy bequests, with explicit independence from government and corporate funding. Its go-to-market is community-led: mobilizing millions of supporters through online petitions, volunteer platforms, protests, media engagement, and participation in international forums such as UNFCCC climate conferences and Global Plastics Treaty negotiations. The organization targets three primary constituencies—individual supporters who fund and amplify campaigns, governments and policymakers subject to advocacy pressure, and corporations (particularly in fossil fuels and consumer goods) subject to accountability campaigns and legal challenges. Greenpeace does not sell products or services; revenue mechanics operate as a subscription-recurring donation model scaled through national office fundraising operations.

The underlying technology footprint is modest and operationally oriented: the Planet4 open-source publishing platform (publicly available on GitHub), a media library service, and standard digital organizing tools rather than proprietary AI/ML systems or technology products. Greenpeace's competitive differentiation is built on five decades of brand recognition, the federated global office network, physical direct-action assets (ships), a published EPIC accountability framework, and an extensive investigative journalism and documentary production capability. The organization faces ongoing legal exposure, evidenced by the reported $345 million Dakota Access lawsuit judgment against Greenpeace USA.

Short descriptiontext

Greenpeace is an independent global environmental campaigning organization operating through approximately 40 national and regional offices, funded by individual donations and using peaceful protest, investigative journalism, and direct action to pressure governments and corporations on climate, biodiversity, and environmental accountability issues.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
Headcount rangeband
1,001–5,000
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersAmsterdam, Netherlands
HQ citystring
Amsterdam
HQ countrystring
Netherlands
HQ regionstring
Europe
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices48 records

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
environmental advocacy, climate campaigning, ocean conservation, forest protection, anti-pollution activism
Industry3 codes
1Environmental Policy, Advocacy & Litigation
CodeBPAGAGAGPrimaryYes
2Environmental Education & Outreach
CodeBPAGAGAHPrimaryNo
3Nature, Biodiversity & Ecosystem Conservation
CodeBPADALAEPrimaryNo
NAICS code1 code
  • Environment, Conservation and Wildlife Organizations813312
SIC code1 code
  • Services-Membership Organizations8600
Product category
Environmental Advocacy Services
GTM motion2 records

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

Revenue model2 records
1Individual Donations
TypeSubscription Recurring
Description

Greenpeace is funded primarily through donations from individuals who support its environmental campaigns. The organization emphasizes independence from governments and corporations.

greenpeace.org
2Member Support
TypeSubscription Recurring
Description

Greenpeace USA engages supporters through monthly giving programs, one-time donations, and legacy giving (bequests).

greenpeace.org
Marketing channels7 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels4 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

Cost components5 values
Personnel, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Technology or R&D, Infrastructure
GTM typeB2C
B2C
Offering typeServices
Services
Core offering1 text field

Greenpeace runs global environmental campaigns using peaceful protest, creative confrontation, and investigative reporting to expose climate, biodiversity, ocean, forest, and pollution issues, pressuring governments and corporations for policy and behavioural change. Its sellable offerings include environmental advocacy campaigns, investigative publications and reports, the Gaslit and Animales en Peligro documentaries, and a Media Library service providing archival photo and video assets to journalists and partners.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Product overview1 text field

Greenpeace is a global network of independent national and regional Greenpeace organisations coordinated by Greenpeace International. The organization's offerings consist primarily of environmental campaigns, advocacy publications, documentaries, and media resources rather than a unified technology product platform. The main offerings include the Gaslit documentary, various environmental reports and publications, a media library service for archival content, and campaign activism resources. The organization publishes stories, press releases, podcasts, and campaigns across multiple issue areas including Climate & Energy, Biodiversity, and Social & Economic systems.

Product and service1 record
1Gaslit Documentary
Scale indicator2 records

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Partnership3 partners
Strategic tierMinorTypeOthersAnnounced on2026-04-24
Description

Woodside and Greenpeace Australia Pacific reached a settlement in an emissions lawsuit dismissed in the Federal Court of Australia on April 24, 2026, with both parties agreeing to bear their own costs. Greenpeace filed the lawsuit in December 2023 challenging Woodside's climate strategy representations. Woodside changed how it presented carbon emissions plans during proceedings.

Strategic tierMinorTypeOthersAnnounced on2026-03-31
Description

New Zealand's Fonterra settled a lawsuit with Greenpeace Aotearoa by admitting that the '100% New Zealand grass-fed' label on its Anchor butter was likely misleading consumers, as cows' diet included palm kernel sourced from rainforests. Fonterra removed the labeling from its Anchor butter packaging.

Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development PartnerAnnounced on2025-12-19
Description

Green Planet Energy customers funded a €218,000 heating system project in Trostianets, Ukraine. The Greenpeace Environmental Foundation served as a funding partner. The project combined geothermal energy, heat pumps, and solar power for a 60-apartment building damaged during Russian occupation.

Recent move6 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight6 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers10 records
TypeDirect peer
Description

The closest peer to Greenpeace: a global, brand-led environmental NGO with a federated national-office structure, individual-donor funding model, and overlapping campaign portfolio (climate, oceans, forests, wildlife). WWF differs primarily by leaning on conservation partnerships and scientific fieldwork rather than direct confrontation.

TypeDirect peer
Description

One of the largest U.S.-based environmental advocacy organizations, similarly funded by individual donors and focused on climate, public lands, and fossil-fuel opposition. Directly comparable as a membership-driven campaigning NGO in the same advocacy space, with comparable litigation history.

TypeDirect peer
Description

A federated global network of autonomous national environmental groups (member groups in 70+ countries), explicitly modeled on grassroots activism and direct action — directly comparable in structure, mission, and tactics to Greenpeace.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Major U.S. environmental advocacy organization combining scientific research, policy advocacy, and litigation against corporate polluters — directly comparable to Greenpeace's litigation-driven accountability work but with a more science/legal-center rather than protest-led approach.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Globally networked grassroots climate organization focused on fossil-fuel divestment and rapid climate mobilization. Comparable as a climate-activism NGO competing for the same donor base and movement participants, though more digitally native and decentralized than Greenpeace's federated structure.

TypeEmerging player
Description

A direct-action, civil-disobedience climate movement using public disruption tactics similar to Greenpeace's confrontational style, but decentralized and with lower fundraising overhead. Comparable as a competitor for activist attention and younger supporters.

TypeEmerging player
Description

The largest nonprofit environmental law organization in the U.S., litigating against polluters and for stronger environmental regulation. Comparable in the litigation-and-accountability dimension where Greenpeace has demonstrated recent wins (Woodside, Fonterra).

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

A large, established global environmental organization focused on biodiversity, oceans, and climate. Comparable as a peer in the international environmental-NGO landscape, though with a more corporate-partnership and field-conservation orientation than Greenpeace's confrontation-led model.

TypeDirect peer
Description

A U.S.-based environmental advocacy organization focused on forests, fossil fuels, and corporate accountability through direct action and campaigns — directly comparable to Greenpeace's campaign tactics and target industries.

TypeEmerging player
Description

An environmental law charity using litigation to enforce environmental law against governments and corporations across Europe and beyond. Comparable to Greenpeace's recent litigation-led wins against Woodside and Fonterra, representing the same strategy-professionalized.

Market position
Strengths4 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Weaknesses5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat5 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks6 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights7 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Segment3 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Ideal customer profile3 records

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
No
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Profiles3 records

Each record includes

Name, Designation, Designation category, Overview, Profile commentary, Source

No data
No data
Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Greenpeace

Environmental Advocacy Servicesgreenpeace.org

Greenpeace is an independent global environmental campaigning organization operating through approximately 40 national and regional offices, funded by individual donations and using peaceful protest, investigative journalism, and direct action to pressure governments and corporations on climate, biodiversity, and environmental accountability issues.

What Greenpeace does

Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organization that uses peaceful protest, creative confrontation, and investigative journalism to expose environmental problems and pressure governments and corporations toward sustainable solutions. Founded in 1971 in Vancouver, Canada, and now coordinated by Greenpeace International from Amsterdam, it operates through a federated network of approximately 40 national and regional offices spanning Europe, the Americas, Asia-Pacific, Africa, and MENA. The organization's core offerings are not products in a commercial sense but rather campaigns, advocacy publications, investigative reports, documentaries (including the Gaslit film with Jane Fonda and the Animales en Peligro series), and direct-action operations conducted via the Rainbow Warrior and Arctic Sunrise ships.

Greenpeace's business model is funded almost exclusively through individual donations, monthly recurring giving programs, and legacy bequests, with explicit independence from government and corporate funding. Its go-to-market is community-led: mobilizing millions of supporters through online petitions, volunteer platforms, protests, media engagement, and participation in international forums such as UNFCCC climate conferences and Global Plastics Treaty negotiations. The organization targets three primary constituencies—individual supporters who fund and amplify campaigns, governments and policymakers subject to advocacy pressure, and corporations (particularly in fossil fuels and consumer goods) subject to accountability campaigns and legal challenges. Greenpeace does not sell products or services; revenue mechanics operate as a subscription-recurring donation model scaled through national office fundraising operations.

The underlying technology footprint is modest and operationally oriented: the Planet4 open-source publishing platform (publicly available on GitHub), a media library service, and standard digital organizing tools rather than proprietary AI/ML systems or technology products. Greenpeace's competitive differentiation is built on five decades of brand recognition, the federated global office network, physical direct-action assets (ships), a published EPIC accountability framework, and an extensive investigative journalism and documentary production capability. The organization faces ongoing legal exposure, evidenced by the reported $345 million Dakota Access lawsuit judgment against Greenpeace USA.

Greenpeace firmographics

Firmographics
Name
Greenpeace
Legal name
Greenpeace International
Website
https://greenpeace.org
Company type
Private
Founded year
1971
Operating status
Operating
Headcount range
1,001–5,000 employees
Short description
Greenpeace is an independent global environmental campaigning organization operating through approximately 40 national and regional offices, funded by individual donations and using peaceful protest, investigative journalism, and direct action to pressure governments and corporations on climate, biodiversity, and environmental accountability issues.
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

Greenpeace industry classification

Industry
Product category
Environmental Advocacy Services
NAICS
Environment, Conservation and Wildlife Organizations (813312)
SIC
Services-Membership Organizations (8600)
akta.pro primary industry
Environmental Policy, Advocacy & Litigation (BPAGAGAG)
akta.pro secondary industries
Environmental Education & Outreach (BPAGAGAH), Nature, Biodiversity & Ecosystem Conservation (BPADALAE)

Keywords

  • Environmental advocacy
  • Climate campaigning
  • Ocean conservation
  • Forest protection
  • Anti-pollution activism

Where Greenpeace is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
Amsterdam
HQ country
Netherlands
HQ region
Europe

Offices48 records

Markets served

Greenpeace business model

Business model
GTM type
B2C
Offering type
Services
Cost components
Personnel, Operations, Marketing or Sales, Technology or R&D, Infrastructure

Revenue model

  1. Individual Donations: Greenpeace is funded primarily through donations from individuals who support its environmental campaigns. The organization emphasizes independence from governments and corporations.
  2. Member Support: Greenpeace USA engages supporters through monthly giving programs, one-time donations, and legacy giving (bequests).

Go-to-market motion2 records

Distribution channels4 records

Marketing channels7 records

Greenpeace product offering

Product offering

Core offering

Greenpeace runs global environmental campaigns using peaceful protest, creative confrontation, and investigative reporting to expose climate, biodiversity, ocean, forest, and pollution issues, pressuring governments and corporations for policy and behavioural change. Its sellable offerings include environmental advocacy campaigns, investigative publications and reports, the Gaslit and Animales en Peligro documentaries, and a Media Library service providing archival photo and video assets to journalists and partners.

Product overview

Greenpeace is a global network of independent national and regional Greenpeace organisations coordinated by Greenpeace International. The organization's offerings consist primarily of environmental campaigns, advocacy publications, documentaries, and media resources rather than a unified technology product platform. The main offerings include the Gaslit documentary, various environmental reports and publications, a media library service for archival content, and campaign activism resources. The organization publishes stories, press releases, podcasts, and campaigns across multiple issue areas including Climate & Energy, Biodiversity, and Social & Economic systems.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Products and services

  • Gaslit Documentary

Companies that use Greenpeace

Customer profile

Segments3 records

Ideal customer profiles3 records

Greenpeace technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Greenpeace partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Partnerships

Three partnerships are on record, tiered minor and core.

  • WoodsideminorOthers · 24 April 2026Woodside and Greenpeace Australia Pacific reached a settlement in an emissions lawsuit dismissed in the Federal Court of Australia on April 24, 2026, with both parties agreeing to bear their own costs. Greenpeace filed the lawsuit in December 2023 challenging Woodside's climate strategy representations. Woodside changed how it presented carbon emissions plans during proceedings.
  • FonterraminorOthers · 31 March 2026New Zealand's Fonterra settled a lawsuit with Greenpeace Aotearoa by admitting that the '100% New Zealand grass-fed' label on its Anchor butter was likely misleading consumers, as cows' diet included palm kernel sourced from rainforests. Fonterra removed the labeling from its Anchor butter packaging.
  • Green Planet EnergycoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 19 December 2025Green Planet Energy customers funded a €218,000 heating system project in Trostianets, Ukraine. The Greenpeace Environmental Foundation served as a funding partner. The project combined geothermal energy, heat pumps, and solar power for a 60-apartment building damaged during Russian occupation.

Scale indicators2 records

Recent moves6 records

Expansion highlights6 records

Greenpeace competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Direct peers

  • World Wildlife Fund (WWF): The closest peer to Greenpeace: a global, brand-led environmental NGO with a federated national-office structure, individual-donor funding model, and overlapping campaign portfolio (climate, oceans, forests, wildlife). WWF differs primarily by leaning on conservation partnerships and scientific fieldwork rather than direct confrontation.
  • Sierra Club: One of the largest U.S.-based environmental advocacy organizations, similarly funded by individual donors and focused on climate, public lands, and fossil-fuel opposition. Directly comparable as a membership-driven campaigning NGO in the same advocacy space, with comparable litigation history.
  • Friends of the Earth International: A federated global network of autonomous national environmental groups (member groups in 70+ countries), explicitly modeled on grassroots activism and direct action — directly comparable in structure, mission, and tactics to Greenpeace.
  • Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC): Major U.S. environmental advocacy organization combining scientific research, policy advocacy, and litigation against corporate polluters — directly comparable to Greenpeace's litigation-driven accountability work but with a more science/legal-center rather than protest-led approach.
  • 350.org: Globally networked grassroots climate organization focused on fossil-fuel divestment and rapid climate mobilization. Comparable as a climate-activism NGO competing for the same donor base and movement participants, though more digitally native and decentralized than Greenpeace's federated structure.
  • Rainforest Action Network: A U.S.-based environmental advocacy organization focused on forests, fossil fuels, and corporate accountability through direct action and campaigns — directly comparable to Greenpeace's campaign tactics and target industries.

Emerging players

  • Extinction Rebellion: A direct-action, civil-disobedience climate movement using public disruption tactics similar to Greenpeace's confrontational style, but decentralized and with lower fundraising overhead. Comparable as a competitor for activist attention and younger supporters.
  • Earthjustice: The largest nonprofit environmental law organization in the U.S., litigating against polluters and for stronger environmental regulation. Comparable in the litigation-and-accountability dimension where Greenpeace has demonstrated recent wins (Woodside, Fonterra).
  • ClientEarth: An environmental law charity using litigation to enforce environmental law against governments and corporations across Europe and beyond. Comparable to Greenpeace's recent litigation-led wins against Woodside and Fonterra, representing the same strategy-professionalized.

Broad incumbents

  • Conservation International: A large, established global environmental organization focused on biodiversity, oceans, and climate. Comparable as a peer in the international environmental-NGO landscape, though with a more corporate-partnership and field-conservation orientation than Greenpeace's confrontation-led model.

Market position

Strengths4 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat5 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

Greenpeace social profiles

Digital presence

Greenpeace financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Greenpeace leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Profiles3 records

Greenpeace funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Greenpeace M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Greenpeace

What does Greenpeace do?

Greenpeace runs global environmental campaigns using peaceful protest, creative confrontation, and investigative reporting to expose climate, biodiversity, ocean, forest, and pollution issues, pressuring governments and corporations for policy and behavioural change. Its sellable offerings include environmental advocacy campaigns, investigative publications and reports, the Gaslit and Animales en Peligro documentaries, and a Media Library service providing archival photo and video assets to journalists and partners.

Is Greenpeace a public or private company?

Greenpeace is a private company. It is classified as nonprofit foundation owned and is currently operating.

When was Greenpeace founded?

Greenpeace was founded in 1971. It employs 1,001 to 5,000 people.

Where is Greenpeace based?

Greenpeace is headquartered in Amsterdam, Netherlands, in the Europe region.

How does Greenpeace make money?

Two revenue lines are on record. Individual Donations are the primary driver. The others are member Support.

Who are Greenpeace's main competitors?

Direct peers on record are World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Sierra Club, Friends of the Earth International, Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), 350.org and Rainforest Action Network. Emerging players are Extinction Rebellion, Earthjustice and ClientEarth. Conservation International is listed as a broad incumbent.

Does Greenpeace have an API?

No public API is recorded for Greenpeace.

What industry is Greenpeace in?

Greenpeace's product category is Environmental Advocacy Services. Its primary akta.pro industry code is BPAGAGAG, Environmental Policy, Advocacy & Litigation, with a secondary code of BPAGAGAH, Environmental Education & Outreach. Its NAICS code is 813312 and its SIC code is 8600.

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Live signals
Mirage NewsGreenpeace Conference Tackles AI, Misinformation, DemocracyGreenpeace and Tactical Tech will host an online digital transformation conference on 15 October 2026, focusing on AI, misinformation, and democracy threats. The event will feature sessions on technology strategy and a workshop leading to a report on tech use in non-profits.Channel NewsAsiaGreenpeace catches Hong Kong geopark ‘golden week’ visitors damaging marine lifeGreenpeace recorded over 100 incidents of visitors collecting marine life and coral remains at Hap Mun Bay in Hong Kong's geopark during the National Day golden week. The group also noted littering and wildlife disturbance at nearby Po Pin Chau and Long Ke, urging capacity assessments and ecotourism policies.South China Morning PostGreenpeace catches Hong Kong geopark ‘golden week’ visitors damaging marine lifeGreenpeace recorded about 100 incidents of visitors catching sea cucumbers and digging up marine life at Hong Kong geopark sites during the National Day golden week. The group urged the government to set visitor caps and implement an ecotourism policy, citing enforcement failures.South China Morning PostGreenpeace catches Hong Kong geopark ‘golden week’ visitors damaging marine lifeGreenpeace recorded about 100 incidents of visitors catching sea cucumbers and digging up sea snails and clams at a Hong Kong geopark during National Day golden week. The group also found litter and wildlife disturbance at nearby beaches, and noted 3,010 visitor arrivals at Hap Mun Bay on October 4.The Edge MalaysiaGreenpeace links 20 agricultural firms to Indonesian firesGreenpeace identified over 20 palm, pulp, and sugar companies, including Malaysian and Singaporean firms, whose land concessions contained smoke-source points from Indonesian fires. The group detected 6,811 points from Aug 1 to Oct 1 across Indonesian islands, citing El Niño and slash-and-burn practices. Greenpeace called for halting agricultural expansion and stronger haze accountability.BloombergGreenpeace Links 20 Agricultural Companies to Indonesian FiresGreenpeace identified over 20 palm, pulp, and sugar companies, including those with Malaysia and Singapore links, whose land concessions contained smoke sources from Indonesian fires. The group detected 6,811 smoke-source points across Kalimantan, Papua, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Maluku from Aug. 1 to Oct. 1 using satellite data.BusinessgreenCrown Estate accused of 'outrageous profiteering' over offshore wind leasing feesGreenpeace issued further legal threats against The Crown Estate over uncapped fees charged to offshore wind developers, claiming the fees are extortionate and risk undermining the UK's clean energy transition. The campaign group argues the fees are outrageous.RechargeGreenpeace threatens Crown Estate with lawsuit over 'extortionate' offshore wind lease feesGreenpeace threatened Crown Estate with a lawsuit over offshore wind lease fees it called 'extortionate'. The Crown Estate defended its approach, arguing it helped build the UK's world-leading offshore wind sector and that fees were set through an auction process.The Times of IndiaShailene Woodley joined scientists in the Sargasso Sea to collect microplastics; why this remote Atlantic ecosystem became a real-world pollution laboratoryIn 2019, Shailene Woodley joined Greenpeace on an expedition to the Sargasso Sea to collect microplastic samples. One sample contained 1,298 microplastic fragments, exceeding levels in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. The expedition highlighted that remote ocean waters can harbor significant plastic pollution.Nate산업의 전환, 낙원의 위기…핵심광물 찾아 파고드는 개발의 손길 : 네이트 뉴스Greenpeace reported that two nickel mining permits are underway in Indonesia's Raja Ampat, a UNESCO World Heritage site, to supply EV batteries. The US Interior Department is auctioning deep-sea mining leases in the North Mariana and Guam, where nickel and other minerals may exist, amid US-China competition.