What Last Mile Solutions does

Last Mile Solutions, trading under the legal entity Threeforce B.V., is a Netherlands-headquartered B2B software platform founded in 2007 that operates as the operational and financial backbone for Charge Point Operators (CPOs) and Mobility Service Providers (MSPs) across 22 European countries. The platform manages 364,000 directly connected charge points, supports 1.9 million active charge cards, processes 199 million charging transactions, and provides roaming access to over 1 million charge points across Europe. Its customer base spans enterprise logistics (DHL), energy management (Equans), energy solutions (50five, Q8, Luminus), mobility (Arval, MultiTankCard), and hardware retail (Ecotap, EV-Company).

The product portfolio is modular and OCPP 1.6-compatible, comprising a core EV Charging Platform plus Billing-as-a-Service (invoicing, settlement, automated multi-country VAT handling), Payment-as-a-Service (open-loop terminal payments), Roaming-as-a-Service, Station Management, Smart Energy Management with the EDGE local load-balancing device (supporting up to 200 chargers per device), Hardware Integration across multiple vendors including Tesla Superchargers and EVBox, Branded Environments white-label tooling, a public developer API, 24/7 multilingual helpdesk, and Home Reimbursement for workplace charging. Smart charging operates an 11 MW virtual power plant with 15,000 chargers and underpins Europe's first large-scale Vehicle-to-Grid deployment in Utrecht with We Drive Solar, Renault and MyWheels. The company holds ISO 27001 and ISO 27701 certifications and is GDPR compliant.

Revenue mechanics combine subscription/recurring platform fees with transaction-based take-rates on payments, billing, and roaming, sold via direct enterprise field sales across subsidiaries in Rotterdam, Paris, London, Berlin, and Kraków. Pricing is quote-based and not publicly disclosed. The company is privately held with no disclosed external funding and operates a B2B field-sales motion supplemented by partner and developer channels.

Name

Last Mile Solutions

Legal name

Threeforce B.V.

Website

https://lastmilesolutions.com

Company type

Private

Founded year

2007

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

101–250 employees

Short description

Last Mile Solutions is a Netherlands-based B2B platform founded in 2007 that provides end-to-end EV charging management software for Charge Point Operators and Mobility Service Providers, spanning billing, payments, roaming, smart energy management, and Vehicle-to-Grid services across 22 European countries.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Product category

EV Charging Management Software

NAICS

Computing Infrastructure Providers, Data Processing, Web Hosting, and Related Services (518)

SIC

Electric Services (4911)

akta.pro primary industry

Managed EV Charging Software (Residential, Fleet, Workplace) (EUAFAMAA)

akta.pro secondary industries

V2G Aggregators & Flexibility Service Providers (Market Participation) (EUAFAMAG), DER Management Systems (DERMS) & Virtual Power Plants (VPP) (EUADAPAD)

Keywords

• EV charging software
• Charge point management
• Smart energy management
• Roaming services
• Billing automation

Headquarters

HQ city

Rotterdam

HQ country

Netherlands

HQ region

Europe

Offices5 records

Markets served

GTM type

B2B

Offering type

Software

Cost components

Technology or R&D, Personnel, Operations, Infrastructure, Marketing or Sales

Revenue model

1. Platform/SaaS Services: Provides turnkey backend services for charge point operators including station management, roaming, billing, and payment processing. Revenue derived from platform subscriptions and per-transaction fees.
2. Billing & Payment Processing: Complete financial backend handling invoicing, settlement, and payouts. Automated VAT handling across regions.
3. Smart Energy Management: Smart charging solutions including EDGE hardware and energy optimization services for depots, cities, and regions managing grid constraints.

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels3 records

Marketing channels5 records

Core offering

Last Mile Solutions provides a modular, OCPP-compliant software platform for the EV charging value chain, enabling charge point operators (CPOs) to manage hardware networks and mobility service providers (MSPs/eMSPs) to deliver charging services to EV drivers. Offerings span a multi-tenant SaaS platform, the EDGE smart charging controller for dynamic load balancing, billing/payment/roaming back-office services, an eMSP/MaaS solution, and V2G / virtual power plant capabilities. The platform is sold as a B2B SaaS to enterprises operating public, private, depot, and fleet charging infrastructure.

Product overview

Last Mile Solutions operates as a unified EV charging platform providing end-to-end infrastructure for Charge Point Operators (CPOs) and Mobility Service Providers (MSPs). The platform consists of a core EV Charging Platform with integrated modules: Billing as a Service (invoicing, settlement, VAT handling), Payment as a Service (terminal-based open-loop payments), Roaming as a Service (access to 1M+ European charge points), Station Management (centralised operations), Smart Energy Management with EDGE smart charging (local load balancing and energy optimisation), Hardware Integration (multi-protocol support), Branded Environments (white-label mobility services), IT & Data Management (API and analytics), 24/7 Helpdesk, and Home Reimbursement. The platform supports 364,000 directly connected charge points, manages 1.9 million active charge cards, and operates across 22 countries.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Products and services

• EV Charging Management Platform (core SaaS)
• EDGE Smart Charging
• eMSP / MaaS Offering
• Billing as a Service
• Payment as a Service
• Roaming as a Service
• V2G Platform
• Virtual Power Plant

Quantifiable outcome

• Doubled charging points at DHL locations while managing grid constraints
• +3 more outcomes

Named customers4 records

Segments6 records

Ideal customer profiles3 records

Technology focussed Yes

API detail

Has API

Yes

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Integration4 records

AI capability2 records

Feature4 records

Partnerships

Five partnerships are on record, tiered core and major.

• We Drive SolarcoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 22 June 2026Collaboration presenting Europe's first large-scale Vehicle-to-Grid application at Power2Drive Europe 2026 in Munich, implemented in Utrecht. Built on over ten years of collaboration in bidirectional charging and smart energy management in the Netherlands. Project demonstrates how EVs absorb excess solar power and feed it back during peak demand.
• Renault GroupmajorTechnology or Integration · 22 June 2026Collaboration partner in V2G ecosystem in Utrecht, providing vehicles capable of bidirectional charging for the Vehicle-to-Grid application.
• MyWheelsmajorTechnology or Integration · 22 June 2026Carsharing provider partner in Utrecht V2G ecosystem, participating in Europe's first large-scale Vehicle-to-Grid application demonstrating bidirectional charging capabilities.
• TeslamajorTechnology or Integration · 26 February 2026Last Mile Solutions expanded its eMSP offering to include access to Europe's largest fast-charging network of Tesla Superchargers, enabling drivers to charge at Tesla's network.
• SourcecoreStrategic or Co-development Partner · 16 September 2025Partnership enabling European EV drivers to use their existing charge cards at Source's ultra-rapid charging hubs across the UK without requiring new accounts. Benefits UK fleet managers with access to charging networks across 22 countries through a single relationship with Source. Addresses key barrier to cross-border electric travel for millions of European visitors (3.2 million from France, 3 million from Germany annually).

Scale indicators10 records

Recent moves6 records

Expansion highlights6 records

Broad incumbents

• Greenlots (Shell Recharge Solutions): Shell-owned EV charging software and services business. Operates competing CPO/MSP platform globally with deep capital backing from Shell's energy transition investments.
• ChargePoint: US-based public company operating one of the largest EV charging networks with integrated software platform. Broader scope with hardware, network operations, and SaaS components across North America and Europe.
• Enel X Way: Utility-backed EV charging infrastructure and software provider (Enel Group subsidiary). Offers competing CPO platform with deep balance sheet and direct utility customer access across Europe.
• EVBox: Netherlands/France-based EV charging hardware manufacturer (acquired by Engie) with proprietary software platform. Overlaps with LMS in CPO/MSP software and is a major hardware integration partner.

Direct peers

• Virta: Finland-headquartered digital EV charging platform serving CPOs, MSPs, and enterprises across Europe and Asia. Directly comparable SaaS model with managed charging, billing, and roaming services.
• Hubject: Berlin-based EV charging interoperability platform providing roaming, billing, and software services to CPOs and MSPs across Europe. Most direct competitor to LMS, with similar B2B platform model and OCPP-based architecture.
• AMPECO: Bulgaria-headquartered EV charging management platform providing white-label software to CPOs and MSPs. Direct competitor in European EV charging SaaS market.
• Driivz: Israel-based end-to-end EV charging and smart energy management software platform. Comparable cloud-based architecture serving utility, fleet, and CPO customers globally.

Emerging players

• Monta: Denmark-based EV charging platform offering software to operators and a consumer-facing app. Overlap in CPO software and roaming services but with a stronger consumer product focus.

Regional players

• Alfen: Netherlands-based provider of EV charging stations, energy storage systems, and smart grid solutions. Adjacent competitor in European smart energy and EV charging infrastructure with overlap in smart energy management.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses4 records

Competitive moat6 records

Key risks5 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

• LinkedInlinkedin.com/company/last-mile-solutions-bv
• Xx.com/MileSolution

Compliance3 records

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Profiles3 records

Subsidiaries4 records

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Last Mile Solutions