NORMA

What NORMA does

Stichting Norma (NORMA) is a Dutch non-profit collective management organization (CBO) that collects and distributes neighbouring rights remuneration for performing artists in the Netherlands. Founded in 1996 by two Dutch trade unions (Ntb and Kunstenbond, the latter formerly FNV KIEM), NORMA operates under supervision of the College van Toezicht Auteursrechten (CvTA) and has held the CBO Quality Mark continuously since 2011, with the CvTA's enhanced supervision lifted in 2024. The organization represents nearly 14,000 registered Dutch performing artists — including actors, voice actors, musicians, dancers, and cabaret performers — and represents foreign performers in the Netherlands through bilateral reciprocal agreements with 35+ sister organizations across more than 20 countries.

NORMA's technology stack centers on the MyNorma self-service portal, through which artists register, submit claims for broadcast appearances, and receive payments, supported by the SCAPR-maintained IPD (International Performers Database) and VRDB (Virtual Recording and Audiovisual Database) for cross-border data exchange. The organization applies a five-step distribution methodology (income sources, program weight, role weighting, track weighting, payout) anchored in actual viewing data (kijkcijfers) and individual artist claims, processing approximately 12,000 claims annually. Revenue streams include television broadcasting tariffs (per subscriber per month, graduated by channel count from €0.21 to €0.248), Thuiskopie private copying remuneration (audio and video), Video on Demand remuneration (5.2–6% of platform revenue from Dutch productions, split 33.33% with LIRA and VEVAM), public lending rights (Leenrecht), and business TV use collected via Videma from commercial establishments.

In 2025, NORMA collected approximately €11 million and distributed approximately €14.5 million to rightsholders, with the Norma Fund granting an additional ~€800,000 to cultural and social projects across 94 projects in 2024. A landmark June 2026 Video on Demand agreement secures 6% of streaming platform revenue from Dutch productions for creators and performing artists, retroactive from 2020 through 2030, with first distributions expected in 2027. The organization is led by Director-bestuurder Tom Nauta and governed by a Raad van Toezicht refreshed in January 2026 with Jan Hamming (Mayor of Zaanstad) as independent chair.

Name

NORMA

Legal name

Stichting Norma

Website

https://stichtingnorma.nl

Company type

Private

Founded year

1996

Operating status

Operating

Headcount range

51–100 employees

Short description

Stichting Norma is the Dutch collective management organization for performing artists, collecting and distributing neighbouring rights remuneration for nearly 14,000 registered performers across television broadcasting, video on demand, and private copying in the Netherlands.

Ownership category

akta.pro rank

Product category

Collective Rights Management

NAICS

Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures (711410)

SIC

Services-Motion Picture & Video Tape Distribution (7822)

akta.pro primary industry

Neighboring Rights Collection (Sound Recording Performance Rights) (MPAIAKAC)

akta.pro secondary industries

Public Performance/Neighboring Rights for AV Uses (Cue Sheet & Reporting Services) (MPAIALAK), Neighboring Rights (Master Performance Rights) Administration (MPAIAAAH), Global Rights Representation & Sub-Publishing/Reciprocal Collection Services (MPAIAKAI), Music Rights Administration & Royalty Processing (Admin, Accounting, Statements) (MPAIAKAD)

Keywords

• Collective rights management
• Neighbouring rights collection
• Performer royalty distribution
• Broadcasting tariff licensing
• Private copying remuneration

Headquarters

HQ city

Hilversum

HQ country

Netherlands

HQ region

Europe

Offices1 record

Markets served

GTM type

B2C

Offering type

Services

Cost components

Personnel, Operations, Technology or R&D, Marketing or Sales, Infrastructure

Revenue model

1. Television Broadcasting Remuneration: Collective remuneration collected from broadcasters and operators (cable, satellite, IPTV) for the broadcast of audiovisual works. Tariffs are per subscriber per month, graduated by channel count. Distributed to performing artists based on program weight, role, and track.
2. Thuiskopie (Private Copying) Audio: Remuneration collected from the sale of recording media (smartphones, DVDs, CDs, etc.) via Stichting de Thuiskopie. Distributed to music performers based on track-level data in collaboration with Sena.
3. Thuiskopie Video: Private copying remuneration for audiovisual works, based on viewing data, catch-up services, DVD sales, and streaming figures.
4. Video on Demand (VOD) Remuneration: 5.2% of VOD operator revenues (excluding VAT) attributable to Dutch productions, with a 25% forfaitary cost deduction. The 'Relevant Aandeel' (Relevant Share) is the proportion of Dutch productions in the total catalogue. Jointly collected by LIRA, VEVAM, and NORMA, split 33.33% each. New agreement (2026) secures 6% of streaming platform revenue from Dutch productions going to creators and performing artists, retroactive to 2020 through 2030.
5. Public Lending Rights (Leenrecht): Remuneration for public lending of audiovisual works, paid as an addition to Thuiskopie Video.
6. Sociaal-Cultureel (SoCu) Fund Income: A small portion of collected remuneration is reserved annually for SoCu (social-cultural) projects supporting cultural, social, and professional interests of performing artists, distributed via the Norma Fund and Norma Plus Fund.
7. Business TV Use Remuneration: Collective remuneration collected via Videma from commercial establishments (cafés, sports clubs, hotels, hospitals, schools, etc.) for secondary display of film works. Tariffs vary by establishment type, size, and audience count.

Pricing tiers

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels2 records

Marketing channels8 records

Core offering

NORMA collects and distributes collective neighbouring rights remuneration for Dutch performing artists across multiple use categories: television broadcasting (per-subscriber graduated tariffs), Thuiskopie private copying (audio and video), Video on Demand (5.2% / new 6% of streaming platform revenue from Dutch productions), public lending rights, and business TV secondary display. Funds flow from commercial users (broadcasters, VOD platforms, cable/IPTV operators, cafés, hotels, etc.) to approximately 14,000 registered performing artists based on a transparent 5-step distribution methodology using actual broadcast, viewing, and track-level data.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

• MyNorma: Online portal where performing artists register and claim their remuneration for broadcast performances
• Norma Fonds
• Norma Plus

Products and services

• Norma Fund (Norma Fonds) Social-cultural fund granting approximately €800,000 annually to cultural, social, and professional projects of performing artists. Two application categories: artistic projects (Category 1) and sector-wide projects (Category 2). Maximum total project budget set at €150,000 in 2026; organizations receiving national structural subsidy (bis) are excluded from awards.
• VoD (Video on Demand) Remuneration Distribution Collective remuneration service distributing payments to performing artists from Video on Demand/streaming platforms. Under the 2026 agreement, 6% of streaming platform revenue from Dutch productions is allocated to creators and performing artists, retroactive from 2020 through 2030. Previously, 5.2% of platform revenue from Dutch productions (excluding VAT), minus 25% forfaitary cost deduction, multiplied by Relevant Share percentage, was jointly collected by LIRA, VEVAM, and NORMA at 33.33% each.

Quantifiable outcome

• €14.5 million distributed to performing artists in 2025
• +5 more outcomes

Named customers4 records

Segments1 record

Ideal customer profiles2 records

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API

No

API docs

API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Feature2 records

Partnerships

15 partnerships are on record, tiered core and minor.

• VOICE (Vereniging van Organisaties die Intellectueel eigendom Collectief Exploiteren)coreOthers · 1 January 2011NORMA is a member of VOICE, the Dutch branch association of collective management organizations for copyright and neighbouring rights. NORMA has committed to the VOICE Governance Code and holds the CBO Quality Mark, assessed annually by the Quality Mark Institute. The director of NORMA (Tom Nauta) also serves as a board member of VOICE.
• KunstenbondcoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerKunstenbond is a Dutch trade union for creative professionals in the cultural sector, representing theatre makers, dancers, and musicians. It is one of NORMA's founding organizations and nominates representatives to NORMA's governance. Kunstenbond Vakgroep Muziek/Ntb nominates members to the Raad van Toezicht and the R&SC Commission.
• ACT (Acteursbelangen)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerACT is the interest organization for professional actors in the Netherlands, representing more than 1,300 actors. ACT nominates a member to NORMA's Raad van Toezicht and the R&SC Commission, and maintains close ties with NORMA for fair compensation for actors.
• Samen1StemcoreStrategic or Co-development PartnerSamen1Stem is the trade association for voice actors, voice-over artists, translators, and voice directors in the Netherlands. It nominates representatives to NORMA's R&SC Commission and advocates for freelancers in dubbing, commercial voice work, and other forms of voice work.
• AEPO-ARTIS (Association of European Performers' Organizations)coreOthersNORMA is a member of AEPO-ARTIS, the European association of performers' organizations. AEPO-ARTIS coordinates at the European level on policy, legislation, and rights management for performing artists.
• SCAPR (Societies' Council for the Collective Management of Performers' Rights)coreTechnology or IntegrationNORMA is a member of SCAPR, the worldwide council of performers' rights societies. SCAPR develops and maintains the IPD (International Performers Database) and VRDB (Virtual Recording and Audiovisual Database), which NORMA uses for international data exchange with sister organizations.
• SenaminorStrategic or Co-development PartnerSena is the Dutch organization for performing musicians and producers. NORMA previously intensified collaboration with Sena in 2022 but decided to suspend further intensification as the expected synergy benefits were smaller than hoped. The two organizations continue to collaborate on certain audio distributions. NORMA uses Sena's system for track-level Thuiskopie Audio distribution.
• 35+ Sister Organizations (Bilateral Agreements)coreChannel Partner/ Reseller/ DistributorNORMA has bilateral and unilateral agreements with sister organizations in Belgium (Playright), Denmark (Filmex), Canada (ACTRA PRS, ARTISTI), Brazil (SBACEM), Germany (GVL), Finland (Gramex), France (Adami, Spedidam), Italy (Nuovo IMAIE, ARTISTI7607), Japan (CPRA/Geidankyo), Norway (Norwaco), Spain (AIE, AISGE), USA (AFM & SAG-AFTRA Fund, SAG-AFTRA), Sweden (SAMI), Switzerland (Swissperform), and many more — enabling cross-border royalty exchange.
• LIRA (scenarioschrijvers)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerLIRA is the Dutch collective management organization for screenwriters. Together with VEVAM and NORMA, LIRA negotiates and collects joint remuneration for television broadcasting and VOD exploitation of audiovisual works.
• VEVAM (regisseurs)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerVEVAM is the Dutch collective management organization for film directors. Together with LIRA and NORMA, VEVAM negotiates and collects joint remuneration for television broadcasting and VOD exploitation of audiovisual works, splitting proceeds 33.33% each.
• FAIR (audiovisuele vormgevers)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerFAIR is the collective management organization for audiovisual creators in camera, sound, art, editing, visual effects, and animation. Together with NORMA, LIRA, and VEVAM, FAIR works to ensure broadcasters, producers, and distributors can use audiovisual works and rightsholders receive fair compensation.
• RODAP (Rechtenoverleg voor Distributie van Audiovisuele Producties)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerRODAP is the association of distributors, producers, and broadcasters. NORMA, LIRA, VEVAM, and FAIR make agreements with RODAP on remuneration for television broadcasting and VOD services.
• VidemacoreChannel Partner/ Reseller/ DistributorVidema collects the secondary display remuneration from commercial establishments (cafés, hotels, sports clubs, etc.) on behalf of NORMA and other rights organizations. This remuneration is then distributed by NORMA to performing artists.
• Taskforce GO!minorStrategic or Co-development PartnerNORMA supports Taskforce GO!, a collaboration of 16 organizations working for a safe and inclusive music sector. The taskforce launched the 'Zet de toon' campaign in 2024/2025 and develops workshops, a chat function, and event panels.
• BAM (Beroepsvereniging van Audioscriptie Muziek / Popauteurs)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerBAM (Popauteurs) is a recognized interest organization that nominates representatives to NORMA's R&SC Commission. It represents music authors and is involved in governance elections.

Scale indicators7 records

Recent moves6 records

Expansion highlights5 records

Broad incumbents

• SAG-AFTRA: US performers' union with neighbouring rights collection capability (AFM & SAG-AFTRA Fund). Direct sister-agreement partner of NORMA in the US, but operates as a much larger incumbent union+rights organization rather than a pure-play CBO.
• BUMA/STEMRA: Largest Dutch CBO for music authors and publishers, also Dutch. NORMA is the dedicated performers' CBO while BUMA/STEMRA is the broader incumbent covering the composer/publisher side of Dutch music rights. Both operate under CvTA supervision.

Direct peers

• Playright: Belgian collective management organization for performers' neighbouring rights. Direct cross-border peer, sharing reciprocal agreements with NORMA and operating the same CBO model for Belgian performing artists.
• GVL (Gesellschaft zur Verwertung von Leistungsschutzrechten): Germany's neighbouring rights CMO for performers and producers. Direct peer to NORMA with substantially similar mandate (collecting and distributing neighbouring rights) and a sister-agreement partner listed on NORMA's website.
• SAMI (Svenska Artisters och Musikers Intresseorganisation): Swedish CMO for performers' neighbouring rights. Sister-agreement partner of NORMA with the same mandate to collect and distribute remuneration on behalf of performers in Sweden.
• Adami: French collective management organization for performers' neighbouring rights. Direct peer with a sister-agreement relationship with NORMA and a virtually identical business model adapted to the French market.
• AIE (Artistas Intérpretes, Ejecutantes de España): Spanish CMO for performers' neighbouring rights. Direct sister-agreement peer of NORMA with an analogous mandate to collect and distribute performers' rights remuneration in Spain.
• Nuovo IMAIE: Italian CMO for performers' neighbouring rights. Sister-agreement partner of NORMA operating the same rights-collection business model in Italy for Italian performers.
• ACTRA PRS (ACTRA Performers' Rights Society): Canadian performers' rights society and sister-agreement partner of NORMA. Direct peer managing neighbouring rights collection and distribution for Canadian performers using the same CBO model.

Emerging players

• Sena: Dutch CMO for performing musicians and phonogram producers, sister organization under VOICE. NORMA previously suspended intensification of cooperation with Sena in 2022 due to integration challenges, but the two continue to collaborate on certain audio distributions.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat5 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights6 records

Customer concentration

• YouTubeyoutube.com/user/stichtingnorma
• Facebookfacebook.com/NORMArechten
• LinkedInlinkedin.com/company/norma
• Instagraminstagram.com/normarechten

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Number of profiles

Profiles8 records

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about NORMA