Developer docs
API playgroundTry for free, no card

Search company profiles

Jibu

Full company profile

uuid00036y5

Namestring
Jibu
Legal namestring
Jibu, Inc.
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
2012
Descriptiontext

Jibu, Inc. is a US-incorporated, privately held social enterprise founded in 2012 (with co-founder Galen Welsch serving as CEO) that operates a franchise-based clean drinking water business across eight African countries: Uganda, Rwanda, DRC, Kenya, Ghana, Zambia, Tanzania, and Burundi. The company capitalizes, equips, and trains local entrepreneurs to launch and operate water purification and distribution franchises, with 195 franchises deployed and 14,000+ retail points cumulatively distributing more than 950 million liters of purified water. Headquartered in Colorado Springs with 501-1,000 employees and on-the-ground country teams in each market, Jibu targets low-income urban and peri-urban households as its primary consumer segment and emerging-market entrepreneurs as its franchisee/customer base.

Jibu's core offering is purified drinking water produced via a proprietary four-step filtration process that combines internationally accredited ultrafiltration with blended RO-hybrid technology, sourced through a core technology partnership with Healing Waters. The product portfolio spans multiple container formats (0.5L, 1L, 5L, 10L, 18.9L, and 20L bottles and jerrycans) and has expanded into adjacent essentials including 6kg and 12kg LPG gas cylinders, fortified Jibu Family Porridge, branded water dispensers, and ice—with country-specific brands such as Kajibu (Uganda) and Jibu Yanjye (Rwanda). The technology stack is operations- and logistics-driven rather than software-driven, with payment infrastructure limited to M-Pesa and mobile money integrations in select markets; no proprietary AI/ML capability is disclosed.

Jibu monetizes through three primary streams: (1) one-time franchise licensing fees of approximately $9,440 (single franchise unit) or $250,000-$350,000 (Area Master Franchisor territory license), (2) recurring transaction revenue from water and essential-product sales flowing through the franchise network, and (3) equipment and supplies sales (dispensers, branded aluminum bottles, consumables) to franchisees. Capital has been sourced from impact-oriented investors including Danone Communities, Stone Family Foundation, Kepple Africa Ventures, Hilton Foundation, FINCA Ventures, DFC (US International Development Finance Corporation), AAIC, responsAbility, and DOB Equity, with roughly $9.7 million disclosed across rounds from 2015 to 2021.

Short descriptiontext

Jibu is a US-incorporated social enterprise that franchises clean drinking water and essential products across eight African countries, training local entrepreneurs to operate 195 franchises and 14,000+ retail points serving low-income households.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
Headcount rangeband
501–1,000
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersColorado Springs, United States
HQ citystring
Colorado Springs
HQ countrystring
United States
HQ regionstring
North America
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices8 records

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
water purification services, franchise water distribution, clean drinking water, bottled water distribution, essential goods distribution
Industry1 code
1Pitcher & Dispenser Water Filters
CodeCRAJAJABPrimaryYes
NAICS code3 codes
  • Bottled Water Manufacturing312112
  • Beverage Manufacturing3121
  • Water Supply and Irrigation Systems22131
SIC code1 code
  • Beverages2080
Product category
Bottled Water Distribution
GTM motion1 record

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

Revenue model3 records
1Franchise Licensing Fees
TypeOne Time License
Description

One-time licensing fees from franchise owners ($9,440 VAT inclusive for single units) and Area Master Franchisors ($250,000-$350,000 for territory/country development)

2Water and Essential Products Sales
TypeTransaction Fee
Description

Revenue from franchise sales of purified drinking water in various container sizes (20L, 18.9L, 10L, 5L, 1L, 0.5L) and essential products including LPG gas cylinders and fortified porridge

3Equipment and Supplies Sales
TypeHardware Sales
Description

Sales of dispensers, aluminum bottles, and other Jibu-branded products through the franchise network

Marketing channels6 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels5 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

Cost components6 values
Operations, Supply Chain, Personnel, Infrastructure, Marketing or Sales, Technology or R&D
Pricing details4 tiers
1Single Franchise Unit - $9,440 VAT inclusive investment
ModelOne time/ perpetual licenseBilling cadenceMulti-year contract
Notes

Franchise owners invest $9,440 VAT inclusive for launch and license of a single Jibu franchise unit, supported by local Franchisor or Area Master Franchisor

2Area Master Franchisor - $250,000-$350,000 investment
ModelOne time/ perpetual licenseBilling cadenceMulti-year contract
Notes

AMFs invest $250,000-$350,000 initially in a license fee and in developing a territory or country as a new Jibu market. AMFs launch and grow the Jibu franchise network in their market.

3Standard Delivery - UGX 5,000 (Uganda)
ModelUnit PricingBilling cadencePay-as-you-go
Notes

Standard delivery fee in Uganda

4Express Delivery - KES 200 (Kenya)
ModelUnit PricingBilling cadencePay-as-you-go
Notes

Express delivery option in Kenya

GTM typeB2B and B2C
B2B and B2C
Offering typeServices
Services
Brand1 record
1Jibuntu
Description

Separate platform/brand operated by Jibu, accessible at jibuntu.org

Core offering1 text field

Jibu capitalizes, equips, and trains emerging market entrepreneurs to launch and grow essential service franchises, with purified drinking water as its anchor product. The company operates through an Area Master Franchising model across 8 African countries, distributing safe drinking water via locally owned franchise storefronts, alongside complementary essentials such as LPG gas cylinders, fortified porridge, and water dispensers. Revenue is generated through franchise licensing fees and product sales across the franchise network.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Quantifiable outcome1 of 3 values shown
  • 950M+ litres of water distributed across operations
+2 more records
Product overview1 text field

Jibu is a franchise-based social enterprise offering clean drinking water and essential products across Africa. The core offering centers on purified drinking water sold in various container sizes (20L, 18.9L, 10L, 5L, 1L, and 0.5L bottles and jerrycans), distributed through a network of local franchisees. The product portfolio extends to complementary essentials including LPG gas cylinders (6kg and 12kg), fortified porridge (Jibu Family Porridge), water dispensers, and ice. Products vary by country market, with Rwanda offering branded 'Jibu Yanjye' water, Kenya featuring dispensers and ice, Uganda providing 'Kajibu' branded water and porridge, and Ghana offering smaller 0.5L aluminum bottles. The company operates through an Area Master Franchising model with local entrepreneurs, supported by proprietary water purification technology including ultrafiltration and blended RO-hybrid systems from Healing Waters.

Product and service1 record
1Purified Drinking Water (multi-size bottles and jerrycans: 0.5L, 1L, 5L, 10L, 18.9L, 20L)
Scale indicator4 records

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Partnership1 partner
Strategic tierCoreTypeTechnology or Integration
Description

Jibu partners with Healing Waters for Water Treatment System technology. Healing Waters provides internationally accredited purification systems including ultrafiltration and blended RO-hybrid technology that forms the foundation of Jibu's water purification process.

Recent move6 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight5 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers10 records
TypeDirect peer
Description

WaterHealth International operates decentralized water purification and bottling facilities in emerging markets, very similar to Jibu's model of providing safe drinking water through local franchise/operator networks. Both target underserved communities with packaged purified water.

TypeDirect peer
Description

d.light distributes affordable solar lanterns and home energy products across Africa and emerging markets via pay-as-you-go and distribution-partner networks. It mirrors Jibu's franchise/last-mile distribution model for essential consumer products in low-income communities.

TypeDirect peer
Description

M-KOPA provides pay-as-you-go solar home systems to off-grid households across East Africa through a local agent network. It shares Jibu's franchise-style distribution, mobile-money integration, and impact-driven customer base in similar geographies.

TypeDirect peer
Description

BURN Manufacturing designs, manufactures, and distributes clean cookstoves and biomass fuel across East Africa via a network of distributors and franchisees. Its franchise-based distribution of essential clean-energy products to low-income households parallels Jibu's model.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

SodaStream (part of PepsiCo) is a global at-home water carbonation and purification brand. While much larger and consumer-facing, it competes conceptually in the space of bottled/filtered drinking water and reducing reliance on single-use plastic.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Brita is the leading consumer water-filtration pitcher and dispenser brand globally. It overlaps with Jibu's water-treatment product family and dispenser-bottle offering but serves a developed-market, household-Pur-pitcher use case.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Culligan is a global water treatment company offering filtration, softening, and bottled-water services through a dealer/franchise network. Its franchise-driven distribution of drinking-water services is conceptually analogous to Jibu's model.

TypeEmerging player
Description

LifeStraw develops portable and household water filters and purifiers for households in developing countries. It addresses the same clean-water-for-low-income-households problem that Jibu solves, with overlapping distribution to NGOs and impact channels.

TypeOthers
Description

WaterAid is an international non-profit focused on clean water, sanitation, and hygiene in low-income countries. While not a commercial peer, its mission and target geographies overlap significantly with Jibu's served communities.

TypeOthers
Description

Aqua for All is an impact finance and ecosystem organization funding and supporting enterprises that deliver water and sanitation services to underserved populations. Its portfolio companies compete with or feed into the same space Jibu operates in.

Market position
Strengths5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Weaknesses5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat5 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks6 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights7 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Named customers5 records

Each record includes

Name, Industry, Type, Use case, Source, UUID

Segment4 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Ideal customer profile4 records

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
No
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

Integration2 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Description, Source

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Feature3 records

Each record includes

Title, Differentiator, Description, Source

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Profiles1 record

Each record includes

Name, Designation, Designation category, Overview, Profile commentary, Source

No data
No data
Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds6 records

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors12 records

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Jibu

Bottled Water Distributionjibuco.com

Jibu is a US-incorporated social enterprise that franchises clean drinking water and essential products across eight African countries, training local entrepreneurs to operate 195 franchises and 14,000+ retail points serving low-income households.

What Jibu does

Jibu, Inc. is a US-incorporated, privately held social enterprise founded in 2012 (with co-founder Galen Welsch serving as CEO) that operates a franchise-based clean drinking water business across eight African countries: Uganda, Rwanda, DRC, Kenya, Ghana, Zambia, Tanzania, and Burundi. The company capitalizes, equips, and trains local entrepreneurs to launch and operate water purification and distribution franchises, with 195 franchises deployed and 14,000+ retail points cumulatively distributing more than 950 million liters of purified water. Headquartered in Colorado Springs with 501-1,000 employees and on-the-ground country teams in each market, Jibu targets low-income urban and peri-urban households as its primary consumer segment and emerging-market entrepreneurs as its franchisee/customer base.

Jibu's core offering is purified drinking water produced via a proprietary four-step filtration process that combines internationally accredited ultrafiltration with blended RO-hybrid technology, sourced through a core technology partnership with Healing Waters. The product portfolio spans multiple container formats (0.5L, 1L, 5L, 10L, 18.9L, and 20L bottles and jerrycans) and has expanded into adjacent essentials including 6kg and 12kg LPG gas cylinders, fortified Jibu Family Porridge, branded water dispensers, and ice—with country-specific brands such as Kajibu (Uganda) and Jibu Yanjye (Rwanda). The technology stack is operations- and logistics-driven rather than software-driven, with payment infrastructure limited to M-Pesa and mobile money integrations in select markets; no proprietary AI/ML capability is disclosed.

Jibu monetizes through three primary streams: (1) one-time franchise licensing fees of approximately $9,440 (single franchise unit) or $250,000-$350,000 (Area Master Franchisor territory license), (2) recurring transaction revenue from water and essential-product sales flowing through the franchise network, and (3) equipment and supplies sales (dispensers, branded aluminum bottles, consumables) to franchisees. Capital has been sourced from impact-oriented investors including Danone Communities, Stone Family Foundation, Kepple Africa Ventures, Hilton Foundation, FINCA Ventures, DFC (US International Development Finance Corporation), AAIC, responsAbility, and DOB Equity, with roughly $9.7 million disclosed across rounds from 2015 to 2021.

Jibu firmographics

Firmographics
Name
Jibu
Legal name
Jibu, Inc.
Website
http://jibuco.com
Company type
Private
Founded year
2012
Operating status
Operating
Headcount range
501–1,000 employees
Short description
Jibu is a US-incorporated social enterprise that franchises clean drinking water and essential products across eight African countries, training local entrepreneurs to operate 195 franchises and 14,000+ retail points serving low-income households.
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

Jibu industry classification

Industry
Product category
Bottled Water Distribution
NAICS
Bottled Water Manufacturing (312112), Beverage Manufacturing (3121), Water Supply and Irrigation Systems (22131)
SIC
Beverages (2080)
akta.pro primary industry
Pitcher & Dispenser Water Filters (CRAJAJAB)

Keywords

  • Water purification services
  • Franchise water distribution
  • Clean drinking water
  • Bottled water distribution
  • Essential goods distribution

Where Jibu is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
Colorado Springs
HQ country
United States
HQ region
North America

Offices8 records

Markets served

Jibu business model

Business model
GTM type
B2B and B2C
Offering type
Services
Cost components
Operations, Supply Chain, Personnel, Infrastructure, Marketing or Sales, Technology or R&D

Revenue model

  1. Franchise Licensing Fees: One-time licensing fees from franchise owners ($9,440 VAT inclusive for single units) and Area Master Franchisors ($250,000-$350,000 for territory/country development)
  2. Water and Essential Products Sales: Revenue from franchise sales of purified drinking water in various container sizes (20L, 18.9L, 10L, 5L, 1L, 0.5L) and essential products including LPG gas cylinders and fortified porridge
  3. Equipment and Supplies Sales: Sales of dispensers, aluminum bottles, and other Jibu-branded products through the franchise network

Pricing tiers

ModelBillingPrice
One time/ perpetual licenseMulti-year contractSingle Franchise Unit - $9,440 VAT inclusive investment
One time/ perpetual licenseMulti-year contractArea Master Franchisor - $250,000-$350,000 investment
Unit PricingPay-as-you-goStandard Delivery - UGX 5,000 (Uganda)
Unit PricingPay-as-you-goExpress Delivery - KES 200 (Kenya)

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels5 records

Marketing channels6 records

Jibu product offering

Product offering

Core offering

Jibu capitalizes, equips, and trains emerging market entrepreneurs to launch and grow essential service franchises, with purified drinking water as its anchor product. The company operates through an Area Master Franchising model across 8 African countries, distributing safe drinking water via locally owned franchise storefronts, alongside complementary essentials such as LPG gas cylinders, fortified porridge, and water dispensers. Revenue is generated through franchise licensing fees and product sales across the franchise network.

Product overview

Jibu is a franchise-based social enterprise offering clean drinking water and essential products across Africa. The core offering centers on purified drinking water sold in various container sizes (20L, 18.9L, 10L, 5L, 1L, and 0.5L bottles and jerrycans), distributed through a network of local franchisees. The product portfolio extends to complementary essentials including LPG gas cylinders (6kg and 12kg), fortified porridge (Jibu Family Porridge), water dispensers, and ice. Products vary by country market, with Rwanda offering branded 'Jibu Yanjye' water, Kenya featuring dispensers and ice, Uganda providing 'Kajibu' branded water and porridge, and Ghana offering smaller 0.5L aluminum bottles. The company operates through an Area Master Franchising model with local entrepreneurs, supported by proprietary water purification technology including ultrafiltration and blended RO-hybrid systems from Healing Waters.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Brands

  • Jibuntu: Separate platform/brand operated by Jibu, accessible at jibuntu.org

Products and services

  • Purified Drinking Water (multi-size bottles and jerrycans: 0.5L, 1L, 5L, 10L, 18.9L, 20L)

Quantifiable outcome

  • 950M+ litres of water distributed across operations
  • +2 more outcomes

Companies that use Jibu

Customer profile

Named customers5 records

Segments4 records

Ideal customer profiles4 records

Jibu technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Integration2 records

Feature3 records

Jibu partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Partnerships

One partnership is on record.

  • Healing WaterscoreTechnology or IntegrationJibu partners with Healing Waters for Water Treatment System technology. Healing Waters provides internationally accredited purification systems including ultrafiltration and blended RO-hybrid technology that forms the foundation of Jibu's water purification process.

Scale indicators4 records

Recent moves6 records

Expansion highlights5 records

Jibu competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Direct peers

  • WaterHealth International: WaterHealth International operates decentralized water purification and bottling facilities in emerging markets, very similar to Jibu's model of providing safe drinking water through local franchise/operator networks. Both target underserved communities with packaged purified water.
  • d.light: d.light distributes affordable solar lanterns and home energy products across Africa and emerging markets via pay-as-you-go and distribution-partner networks. It mirrors Jibu's franchise/last-mile distribution model for essential consumer products in low-income communities.
  • M-KOPA: M-KOPA provides pay-as-you-go solar home systems to off-grid households across East Africa through a local agent network. It shares Jibu's franchise-style distribution, mobile-money integration, and impact-driven customer base in similar geographies.
  • BURN Manufacturing: BURN Manufacturing designs, manufactures, and distributes clean cookstoves and biomass fuel across East Africa via a network of distributors and franchisees. Its franchise-based distribution of essential clean-energy products to low-income households parallels Jibu's model.

Broad incumbents

  • SodaStream: SodaStream (part of PepsiCo) is a global at-home water carbonation and purification brand. While much larger and consumer-facing, it competes conceptually in the space of bottled/filtered drinking water and reducing reliance on single-use plastic.
  • Brita (The Clorox Company): Brita is the leading consumer water-filtration pitcher and dispenser brand globally. It overlaps with Jibu's water-treatment product family and dispenser-bottle offering but serves a developed-market, household-Pur-pitcher use case.
  • Culligan International: Culligan is a global water treatment company offering filtration, softening, and bottled-water services through a dealer/franchise network. Its franchise-driven distribution of drinking-water services is conceptually analogous to Jibu's model.

Emerging players

  • LifeStraw (Vestergaard): LifeStraw develops portable and household water filters and purifiers for households in developing countries. It addresses the same clean-water-for-low-income-households problem that Jibu solves, with overlapping distribution to NGOs and impact channels.

Others

  • WaterAid: WaterAid is an international non-profit focused on clean water, sanitation, and hygiene in low-income countries. While not a commercial peer, its mission and target geographies overlap significantly with Jibu's served communities.
  • Aqua for All: Aqua for All is an impact finance and ecosystem organization funding and supporting enterprises that deliver water and sanitation services to underserved populations. Its portfolio companies compete with or feed into the same space Jibu operates in.

Market position

Strengths5 records

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat5 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

Jibu social profiles

Digital presence

Jibu financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

Jibu leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Profiles1 record

Jibu funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds6 records

Investors12 records

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Jibu M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about Jibu

What does Jibu do?

Jibu capitalizes, equips, and trains emerging market entrepreneurs to launch and grow essential service franchises, with purified drinking water as its anchor product. The company operates through an Area Master Franchising model across 8 African countries, distributing safe drinking water via locally owned franchise storefronts, alongside complementary essentials such as LPG gas cylinders, fortified porridge, and water dispensers. Revenue is generated through franchise licensing fees and product sales across the franchise network.

Is Jibu a public or private company?

Jibu is a private company. It is classified as venture growth investor backed and is currently operating.

When was Jibu founded?

Jibu was founded in 2012. It employs 501 to 1,000 people.

Where is Jibu based?

Jibu is headquartered in Colorado Springs, United States, in the North America region.

How does Jibu make money?

Three revenue lines are on record. Franchise Licensing Fees are the primary driver. The others are water and Essential Products Sales and equipment and Supplies Sales.

Who are Jibu's main competitors?

Direct peers on record are WaterHealth International, d.light, M-KOPA and BURN Manufacturing. Broad incumbents are SodaStream, Brita (The Clorox Company) and Culligan International. LifeStraw (Vestergaard) is listed as an emerging player. Others are WaterAid and Aqua for All.

Does Jibu have an API?

No public API is recorded for Jibu.

What industry is Jibu in?

Jibu's product category is Bottled Water Distribution. Its primary akta.pro industry code is CRAJAJAB, Pitcher & Dispenser Water Filters. Its NAICS code is 312112 and its SIC code is 2080.

Unlock the full company data

50 free credits on sign-up, no credit card required.

Contact sales
Live signals
KT PRESSMade in Rwanda Brands Take the Spotlight at Expo 2026 AwardsJibu Rwanda won the overall best exhibitor award at the 29th Rwanda International Trade Fair, beating 494 companies. Other Rwandan brands won categories in ICT, energy, and transport, while Irembo was named most popular. Officials urged exhibitors to convert fair relationships into new markets and investments.AllafricaRwanda: Beyond Safe Water - How Jibu Rwanda Is Scaling a Social Enterprise NetworkJibu Rwanda, a social enterprise franchise network providing safe, affordable drinking water, celebrated 14 years of impact having grown into one of Rwanda's leading social enterprise networks now operating across eight African countries. The company operates more than 200 franchises and 10,000 retailers, serving over 300,000 consumers while creating 1,700 direct jobs across its markets. Jibu recently expanded into the liquefied petroleum gas business through a joint venture with Japanese partners under Jibu Gas One, introducing smart gas stations that allow customers to purchase cooking gas based on affordability.PR NewswireNRD Capital Establishes the "NRD Foundation," Supports Franchised Water SolutionNRD Capital LLC, an Atlanta-based private equity firm, announced the establishment of the NRD Foundation on World Water Day (March 22, 2018), with its first recipient being Jibu, a Kenyan-based social enterprise focused on water access. The foundation, founded in late 2017, will support entrepreneurs in emerging regions, with an initial focus on Africa, leveraging NRD's expertise in franchising. Jibu currently operates more than 200 franchises across Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe, providing safe drinking water and employment opportunities.GlobeNewswireUPDATE - Jibu Announces Completion of $7 Million Series B FinancingJibu completed a $7 million Series B financing round, bringing total funding to over $10 million. The company will use the funds to launch 1,000 drinking water franchises in at least a dozen new countries by 2022. The round included equity and grant capital from foundations and investors.FinSMEsJibu Completes $7M Series B FinancingJibu, a Denver-based social enterprise, completed a $7M Series B financing, bringing total raised to over $10M. The funds will accelerate its launch of 1,000 drinking water franchises in at least a dozen new countries by 2022. The company scaled from two franchises in 2015 to over 200 new businesses across Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda.