Developer docs
API playgroundTry for free, no card

Search company profiles

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C.

Full company profile

uuid005cbpd

Namestring
SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C.
Legal namestring
South Oakland Gastroenterology Associates, P.C.
Websiteurl
sogadocs.com
Company typeenum
Private
Founded yearint
1990
Descriptiontext

South Oakland Gastroenterology Associates, P.C. (SOGA) is an adult gastroenterology medical practice headquartered in Farmington Hills, Michigan. Founded around 1990, the practice operates three clinical locations across southeast Michigan — in Farmington, Commerce Township, and West Bloomfield — and is staffed by five board-certified gastroenterologists (Mariquit D. Sendelbach, Katie Macfarlane, Olga Brushaber, Jolian S. Kathawa, and Jared A. Grodman) supported by approximately seven additional clinical and administrative staff for a total headcount of 12. The practice has served the South Oakland County community for over 30 years and is closely affiliated with Corewell Health (Beaumont), where Dr. Olga Brushaber serves as program director for the Gastroenterology Fellowship Program.

SOGA delivers a comprehensive suite of diagnostic and therapeutic GI procedures including colonoscopy, upper GI endoscopy (EGD), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), video capsule endoscopy (PillCam), small bowel enteroscopy, esophageal manometry, Bravo catheter-free pH monitoring, H. pylori breath testing, paracentesis, and the CRH O'Regan System for non-surgical hemorrhoid banding. The underlying technology stack is built on fiberoptic and video endoscopy platforms with miniaturized camera and sensor form factors, supplemented by wireless capsule imaging and radio-telemetry pH sensing. Patient-facing infrastructure runs on Corewell Health's myChart portal, and billing is processed through easypay5.com.

The business model is fee-for-service clinical medicine billed through a broad insurance panel including Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Blue Care Network, Cigna, Cofinity, HAP, Humana, Medicare, Molina, Priority Health, Tricare, United Health Care, UMR, and Wellcare. Patients are acquired through direct phone scheduling, online appointment requests, walk-ins, and primary care referrals. No pricing is publicly disclosed. The practice is a privately held professional corporation owned and operated by its five gastroenterologists, with no disclosed external funding, private equity backing, or M&A activity in the available record.

Short descriptiontext

South Oakland Gastroenterology Associates (SOGA) is a five-physician, three-location adult gastroenterology practice in southeast Michigan, founded circa 1990, offering colonoscopy, advanced endoscopy, capsule imaging, and hemorrhoid banding on a fee-for-service basis to adult patients in the South Oakland County region.

Operating statusenum
Operating
Ownership categoryenum
Headcount rangeband
11–50
akta.pro rankint
HeadquartersFarmington, United States
HQ citystring
Farmington
HQ countrystring
United States
HQ regionstring
North America
Markets served

Serves global market

Offices3 records

Each record includes

City, Country, Type, Description, Source

Keyword5 values
adult gastroenterology services, diagnostic endoscopy procedures, colonoscopy screening, advanced therapeutic GI procedures, inflammatory bowel disease care
Industry4 codes
1General Gastroenterology
CodeHLAKAEAAPrimaryYes
2Advanced Endoscopy (ERCP/EUS/Interventional)
CodeHLAKAEACPrimaryNo
3Endoscopy & GI Procedure Centers
CodeHLAFAIAEPrimaryNo
4Colorectal Disease & Proctology
CodeHLAKAEAJPrimaryNo
NAICS code2 codes
  • Offices of Physicians62111
  • Outpatient Care Centers6214
SIC code1 code
  • Services-Offices & Clinics Of Doctors Of Medicine8011
Product category
Gastroenterology Medical Practice
GTM motion1 record

Each record includes

Type, Description, Source

Revenue model1 record
1Clinical GI Services
TypeTransaction Fee
Description

Fee-for-service medical consultations and procedures billed through insurance. Services include colonoscopies, endoscopies, breath tests, and various diagnostic procedures.

southoaklandgastroenterology.com
Marketing channels1 record

Each record includes

Title, Type, Stage, Description, Source

Distribution channels1 record

Each record includes

Title, Type, Scope, Target buyer, Description, Source

Cost components5 values
Personnel, Operations, Infrastructure, Marketing or Sales, Technology or R&D
GTM typeB2C
B2C
Offering typeServices
Services
Core offering1 text field

South Oakland Gastroenterology Associates, P.C. is a multi-physician adult gastroenterology medical practice that delivers diagnostic and therapeutic GI services — including colonoscopy, upper GI endoscopy, ERCP, EUS, capsule endoscopy, esophageal manometry, pH monitoring, and the CRH O'Regan hemorrhoid banding system — across three Michigan office locations. Care is supported by fiberoptic and video endoscopy equipment, the Corewell Health myChart patient portal, and an online bill-pay system, with procedures billed through insurance carriers.

Differentiator
Functional benefit
Problem solved
Product overview1 text field

South Oakland Gastroenterology Associates is an adult gastroenterology practice with five board-certified gastroenterologists providing diagnostic and therapeutic GI procedures. The practice offers a comprehensive portfolio of endoscopic and diagnostic services including colonoscopy, upper GI endoscopy (EGD), ERCP, EUS, capsule endoscopy, enteroscopy, manometry testing, breath tests, and specialized treatments like the CRH O'Regan hemorrhoid system. Services are supported by patient preparation guides for various bowel prep protocols and integration with Corewell Health myChart for patient communication and scheduling.

Product and service10 records
1Colonoscopy
CategoryDiagnostic Endoscopy
2Upper GI Endoscopy (EGD)
CategoryDiagnostic Endoscopy
3Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
CategoryAdvanced Therapeutic Endoscopy
4Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
CategoryDiagnostic Endoscopy
5Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS)
CategoryAdvanced Diagnostic Endoscopy
6Video Capsule Endoscopy (PillCam)
CategoryDiagnostic Endoscopy
7Small Bowel Enteroscopy
CategoryDiagnostic Endoscopy
8Esophageal Manometry
CategoryDiagnostic GI Testing
9Bravo pH Monitoring System
CategoryDiagnostic GI Testing
10Breath Test (H. pylori)
Scale indicator2 records

Each record includes

Type, Value, Description, Source

Partnership3 partners
Strategic tierCoreTypeStrategic or Co-development Partner
Description

Dr. Olga Brushaber serves as program director for the Gastroenterology Fellowship Program at Corewell Health (Beaumont) Hospital in Farmington Hills. SOGA physicians train new gastroenterologists through this affiliation.

Strategic tierCoreTypeTechnology or Integration
Description

Licensed use of the patented CRH O'Regan System for non-surgical hemorrhoid treatment. The practice offers this minimally invasive banding procedure as part of their service portfolio.

Strategic tierCoreTypeTechnology or Integration
Description

Practice communicates with patients through Corewell Health myChart patient portal, allowing patients to manage appointments, view test results, request prescription refills, and communicate with doctors.

Recent move5 records

Each record includes

Date, Type, Title, Description, Source

Expansion highlight4 records

Each record includes

Type, Description

Peers9 records
TypeDirect peer
Description

Borland Groover is a large, multi-physician gastroenterology specialty practice in Florida offering comprehensive GI and endoscopic services. As a top-tier independent GI group, it provides a comparable operating model and acquisition comp for SOGA.

TypeRegional player
Description

Huron Gastroenterology Associates is a multi-physician GI specialty practice operating in Michigan with a similar service mix (endoscopy, colonoscopy, GI consultations) and a comparable suburban office model to SOGA, serving overlapping Michigan geography.

3Minnesota Gastroenterology
TypeDirect peer
Description

Minnesota Gastroenterology (MNGI) is one of the largest independent GI specialty practices in the U.S., offering comprehensive endoscopy and GI consultative services. It illustrates the scale and operational maturity that a consolidator could target at SOGA.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

GI Alliance is the largest PE-backed gastroenterology platform in the United States, operating hundreds of GI physicians across multiple states. As a regional GI specialty practice, SOGA represents the type of tuck-in acquisition target GI Alliance actively pursues.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

United Digestive is a PE-backed consolidator of gastroenterology practices across the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic, providing the same endoscopy and consultative services as SOGA. It represents the strategic alternative to remaining independent for groups like SOGA.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Peak Gastroenterology Associates is a multi-physician GI specialty group in Colorado offering colonoscopy, advanced endoscopy, and GI consultations in a similar suburban office-based model. Comparable in scale and service mix to SOGA.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Henry Ford Health operates a large hospital-based gastroenterology department in metro Detroit offering the full range of GI procedures. Several SOGA physicians trained at Henry Ford, and the system competes for the same patient and physician pool in Oakland County.

TypeDirect peer
Description

Digestive Health Associates is a multi-location gastroenterology practice in Michigan offering colonoscopy, endoscopy, and advanced GI procedures. It competes for the same suburban Detroit patient population and payor contracts as SOGA.

TypeBroad incumbent
Description

Corewell Health (formerly Beaumont Health) operates its own gastroenterology service line including the fellowship program SOGA physicians direct. It is both a strategic partner and a potential competitive threat as a hospital-employed GI group in the same Michigan market.

Market position
Weaknesses5 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Competitive moat4 records

Each record includes

Type, Details

Key risks6 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Key highlights7 records

Each record includes

Headline, Details, Source

Customer concentration

Classification, Details

Named customers1 record

Each record includes

Name, Industry, Type, Use case, Source, UUID

Segment1 record

Each record includes

Title, Type, Primary, Description, Pain point addressed, Use case, Source

Ideal customer profile1 record

Each record includes

Profile, Firmographic size, Sales motion, Sales cycle length, Buying structure, Purchase trigger, Buyer persona, Geography, Industry vertical, Primary use case, Description, Pain points, Evidence proof points, Target buyer

Technology focused
No
API detail
Has APIbool
No

Docs URL, Description

Integration2 records

Each record includes

Title, Type, Description, Source

AI maturity
App detail

Has app

Feature4 records

Each record includes

Title, Differentiator, Description, Source

Core technology
Revenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Number of profiles
Profiles5 records

Each record includes

Name, Designation, Designation category, Overview, Profile commentary, Source

No data
No data
Funding overview

Funding stage, Last funding date, Total funding USD

Funding rounds

Each record includes

Round, Amount USD, Date, Pre money valuation, Total investors, Investors, News

Investors

Each record includes

Name, Type, Date of entry, Rounds participated, Website

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

M&A

Each record includes

Name, Acquisition type, Announced date, Completed date, Status, Website, News

Investment

Each record includes

Name, Round, Announced date, Lead investor, Website, News

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C.

Gastroenterology Medical Practicesogadocs.com

South Oakland Gastroenterology Associates (SOGA) is a five-physician, three-location adult gastroenterology practice in southeast Michigan, founded circa 1990, offering colonoscopy, advanced endoscopy, capsule imaging, and hemorrhoid banding on a fee-for-service basis to adult patients in the South Oakland County region.

What SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. does

South Oakland Gastroenterology Associates, P.C. (SOGA) is an adult gastroenterology medical practice headquartered in Farmington Hills, Michigan. Founded around 1990, the practice operates three clinical locations across southeast Michigan — in Farmington, Commerce Township, and West Bloomfield — and is staffed by five board-certified gastroenterologists (Mariquit D. Sendelbach, Katie Macfarlane, Olga Brushaber, Jolian S. Kathawa, and Jared A. Grodman) supported by approximately seven additional clinical and administrative staff for a total headcount of 12. The practice has served the South Oakland County community for over 30 years and is closely affiliated with Corewell Health (Beaumont), where Dr. Olga Brushaber serves as program director for the Gastroenterology Fellowship Program.

SOGA delivers a comprehensive suite of diagnostic and therapeutic GI procedures including colonoscopy, upper GI endoscopy (EGD), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), video capsule endoscopy (PillCam), small bowel enteroscopy, esophageal manometry, Bravo catheter-free pH monitoring, H. pylori breath testing, paracentesis, and the CRH O'Regan System for non-surgical hemorrhoid banding. The underlying technology stack is built on fiberoptic and video endoscopy platforms with miniaturized camera and sensor form factors, supplemented by wireless capsule imaging and radio-telemetry pH sensing. Patient-facing infrastructure runs on Corewell Health's myChart portal, and billing is processed through easypay5.com.

The business model is fee-for-service clinical medicine billed through a broad insurance panel including Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Blue Care Network, Cigna, Cofinity, HAP, Humana, Medicare, Molina, Priority Health, Tricare, United Health Care, UMR, and Wellcare. Patients are acquired through direct phone scheduling, online appointment requests, walk-ins, and primary care referrals. No pricing is publicly disclosed. The practice is a privately held professional corporation owned and operated by its five gastroenterologists, with no disclosed external funding, private equity backing, or M&A activity in the available record.

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. firmographics

Firmographics
Name
SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C.
Legal name
South Oakland Gastroenterology Associates, P.C.
Website
https://sogadocs.com
Company type
Private
Founded year
1990
Operating status
Operating
Headcount range
11–50 employees
Short description
South Oakland Gastroenterology Associates (SOGA) is a five-physician, three-location adult gastroenterology practice in southeast Michigan, founded circa 1990, offering colonoscopy, advanced endoscopy, capsule imaging, and hemorrhoid banding on a fee-for-service basis to adult patients in the South Oakland County region.
Ownership category
akta.pro rank

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. industry classification

Industry
Product category
Gastroenterology Medical Practice
NAICS
Offices of Physicians (62111), Outpatient Care Centers (6214)
SIC
Services-Offices & Clinics Of Doctors Of Medicine (8011)
akta.pro primary industry
General Gastroenterology (HLAKAEAA)
akta.pro secondary industries
Advanced Endoscopy (ERCP/EUS/Interventional) (HLAKAEAC), Endoscopy & GI Procedure Centers (HLAFAIAE), Colorectal Disease & Proctology (HLAKAEAJ)

Keywords

  • Adult gastroenterology services
  • Diagnostic endoscopy procedures
  • Colonoscopy screening
  • Advanced therapeutic GI procedures
  • Inflammatory bowel disease care

Where SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. is headquartered

Location

Headquarters

HQ city
Farmington
HQ country
United States
HQ region
North America

Offices3 records

Markets served

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. business model

Business model
GTM type
B2C
Offering type
Services
Cost components
Personnel, Operations, Infrastructure, Marketing or Sales, Technology or R&D

Revenue model

  1. Clinical GI Services: Fee-for-service medical consultations and procedures billed through insurance. Services include colonoscopies, endoscopies, breath tests, and various diagnostic procedures.

Go-to-market motion1 record

Distribution channels1 record

Marketing channels1 record

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. product offering

Product offering

Core offering

South Oakland Gastroenterology Associates, P.C. is a multi-physician adult gastroenterology medical practice that delivers diagnostic and therapeutic GI services — including colonoscopy, upper GI endoscopy, ERCP, EUS, capsule endoscopy, esophageal manometry, pH monitoring, and the CRH O'Regan hemorrhoid banding system — across three Michigan office locations. Care is supported by fiberoptic and video endoscopy equipment, the Corewell Health myChart patient portal, and an online bill-pay system, with procedures billed through insurance carriers.

Product overview

South Oakland Gastroenterology Associates is an adult gastroenterology practice with five board-certified gastroenterologists providing diagnostic and therapeutic GI procedures. The practice offers a comprehensive portfolio of endoscopic and diagnostic services including colonoscopy, upper GI endoscopy (EGD), ERCP, EUS, capsule endoscopy, enteroscopy, manometry testing, breath tests, and specialized treatments like the CRH O'Regan hemorrhoid system. Services are supported by patient preparation guides for various bowel prep protocols and integration with Corewell Health myChart for patient communication and scheduling.

Differentiator

Problem solved

Functional benefit

Products and services

  • Colonoscopy
  • Upper GI Endoscopy (EGD)
  • Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
  • Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
  • Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS)
  • Video Capsule Endoscopy (PillCam)
  • Small Bowel Enteroscopy
  • Esophageal Manometry
  • Bravo pH Monitoring System
  • Breath Test (H. pylori)

Companies that use SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C.

Customer profile

Named customers1 record

Segments1 record

Ideal customer profiles1 record

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. technology and API

Technology

Technology focussed No

API detail

Has API
No
API docs
API detail

Core technology

AI maturity

App detail

Integration2 records

Feature4 records

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. partnerships and signals

Strategic signal

Partnerships

Three partnerships are on record, tiered core.

  • Corewell Health (Beaumont)coreStrategic or Co-development PartnerDr. Olga Brushaber serves as program director for the Gastroenterology Fellowship Program at Corewell Health (Beaumont) Hospital in Farmington Hills. SOGA physicians train new gastroenterologists through this affiliation.
  • CRH (O'Regan System)coreTechnology or IntegrationLicensed use of the patented CRH O'Regan System for non-surgical hemorrhoid treatment. The practice offers this minimally invasive banding procedure as part of their service portfolio.
  • MyChart (Corewell Health)coreTechnology or IntegrationPractice communicates with patients through Corewell Health myChart patient portal, allowing patients to manage appointments, view test results, request prescription refills, and communicate with doctors.

Scale indicators2 records

Recent moves5 records

Expansion highlights4 records

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. competitors and assessment

Company assessment

Direct peers

  • Borland Groover: Borland Groover is a large, multi-physician gastroenterology specialty practice in Florida offering comprehensive GI and endoscopic services. As a top-tier independent GI group, it provides a comparable operating model and acquisition comp for SOGA.
  • Minnesota Gastroenterology: Minnesota Gastroenterology (MNGI) is one of the largest independent GI specialty practices in the U.S., offering comprehensive endoscopy and GI consultative services. It illustrates the scale and operational maturity that a consolidator could target at SOGA.
  • Peak Gastroenterology Associates: Peak Gastroenterology Associates is a multi-physician GI specialty group in Colorado offering colonoscopy, advanced endoscopy, and GI consultations in a similar suburban office-based model. Comparable in scale and service mix to SOGA.
  • Digestive Health Associates of Michigan: Digestive Health Associates is a multi-location gastroenterology practice in Michigan offering colonoscopy, endoscopy, and advanced GI procedures. It competes for the same suburban Detroit patient population and payor contracts as SOGA.

Regional players

Broad incumbents

  • GI Alliance: GI Alliance is the largest PE-backed gastroenterology platform in the United States, operating hundreds of GI physicians across multiple states. As a regional GI specialty practice, SOGA represents the type of tuck-in acquisition target GI Alliance actively pursues.
  • United Digestive: United Digestive is a PE-backed consolidator of gastroenterology practices across the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic, providing the same endoscopy and consultative services as SOGA. It represents the strategic alternative to remaining independent for groups like SOGA.
  • Henry Ford Health System Gastroenterology: Henry Ford Health operates a large hospital-based gastroenterology department in metro Detroit offering the full range of GI procedures. Several SOGA physicians trained at Henry Ford, and the system competes for the same patient and physician pool in Oakland County.
  • Corewell Health (Beaumont) Gastroenterology: Corewell Health (formerly Beaumont Health) operates its own gastroenterology service line including the fellowship program SOGA physicians direct. It is both a strategic partner and a potential competitive threat as a hospital-employed GI group in the same Michigan market.

Market position

Weaknesses5 records

Competitive moat4 records

Key risks6 records

Key highlights7 records

Customer concentration

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. social profiles

Digital presence

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. financial estimates

Financial estimate

Revenue estimate

Valuation estimate

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. leadership team

Management profile

Number of profiles

Profiles5 records

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. funding detail

Funding detail

Funding overview

Funding rounds

Investors

Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. M&A and investment

M&A and investment

M&A

Investments

M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →

Frequently asked questions about SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C.

What does SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. do?

South Oakland Gastroenterology Associates, P.C. is a multi-physician adult gastroenterology medical practice that delivers diagnostic and therapeutic GI services — including colonoscopy, upper GI endoscopy, ERCP, EUS, capsule endoscopy, esophageal manometry, pH monitoring, and the CRH O'Regan hemorrhoid banding system — across three Michigan office locations. Care is supported by fiberoptic and video endoscopy equipment, the Corewell Health myChart patient portal, and an online bill-pay system, with procedures billed through insurance carriers.

Is SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. a public or private company?

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. is a private company. It is classified as management employee owned and is currently operating.

When was SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. founded?

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. was founded in 1990. It employs 11 to 50 people.

Where is SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. based?

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. is headquartered in Farmington, United States, in the North America region.

How does SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. make money?

One revenue line is on record: clinical GI Services.

Who are SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C.'s main competitors?

Direct peers on record are Borland Groover, Minnesota Gastroenterology, Peak Gastroenterology Associates and Digestive Health Associates of Michigan. Hurricane Medical / Michigan GI Society member practices (e.g., Huron Gastroenterology) is listed as a regional player. Broad incumbents are GI Alliance, United Digestive, Henry Ford Health System Gastroenterology and Corewell Health (Beaumont) Gastroenterology.

Does SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. have an API?

No public API is recorded for SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C..

What industry is SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C. in?

SOUTH OAKLAND GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES, P.C.'s product category is Gastroenterology Medical Practice. Its primary akta.pro industry code is HLAKAEAA, General Gastroenterology, with a secondary code of HLAKAEAC, Advanced Endoscopy (ERCP/EUS/Interventional). Its NAICS code is 62111 and its SIC code is 8011.

Unlock the full company data

50 free credits on sign-up, no credit card required.

Contact sales