Mintlayer
Mintlayer (RBB S.r.l.) is a Bitcoin Layer 2 sidechain protocol enabling trustless native BTC atomic swaps, RWA tokenization, and DeFi via a three-layer architecture (Bitcoin L1, Mintlayer L2, ZK Thunder L3). It serves Bitcoin holders, developers, and institutions through products like Mojito Wallet, RioSwap, MintFun, MWS enterprise services, and Interest.One fund-of-funds.
- Company typePrivate
- Founded2021
- HeadquartersDogana, Italy
- Headcount1–10
- GTM typeB2B and B2C
- OfferingSoftware
What Mintlayer does
Mintlayer is a Layer 2 Bitcoin sidechain protocol developed by RBB S.r.l. (DBA: RBB Labs), headquartered in San Marino. The protocol enables native, trustless Bitcoin DeFi through Hash Time-Locked Contract (HTLC) atomic swaps that eliminate the need for wrapped tokens, bridges, or custodians — a core technical differentiator versus competing Bitcoin L2s. Mintlayer's architecture is a three-layer stack: Bitcoin L1, a UTXO-based Mintlayer L2 with non-Turing complete smart contracts and Dynamic Slot Allocation (Pulsar) proof-of-stake consensus (~2-minute blocks), and a ZK Thunder L3 built with the Carpediem team offering 1-second EVM-compatible block settlements. The protocol supports native MLS-01 fungible token and MLS-03 NFT standards with built-in compliance tooling (permissioning, whitelisting, KYC via Passbase) aimed at institutional RWA tokenization.
Mintlayer's product surface has expanded well beyond its core L2 protocol. Ecosystem components include the Mojito Wallet (BTC, ML, MLS-01, MLS-03) available as mobile and browser extension; RioSwap, a BTC-native cross-chain DEX (testnet since September 2025); MintFun, a no-code token launchpad (testnet since September 2025); Mintlayer Web Services (MWS), an enterprise product studio for custom tokenization and compliance work; and Interest.One, a Fund of Funds platform connecting Bitcoin holders to regulated yield-producing RWAs across six sectors. Revenue derives from ML-token-denominated transaction fees, token issuance fees (100 ML per MLS-01 token, 5 ML per MLS-03 NFT), staking economics, MWS enterprise services paid in ML, and Interest.One fund management. Distribution includes five exchange listings (Gate.io, MEXC, Bitmart, Poloniex, Bitget) and direct downloads of node software and wallets.
The company's go-to-market is hybrid: product-led growth via self-serve downloads of wallets and node software, community-led growth through open-source development (300,000+ lines of code, GitHub, ambassador program, bug bounty), and direct enterprise sales through MWS and Interest.One for institutional customers. Founded circa 2021, Mintlayer has raised approximately $17.2M across 2021 funding rounds and conducted a tokenized Pre-Series A equity round in 2025. The company employs 1-10 people, has no disclosed revenue, and operates a 400M ML token supply with only 15.82M unlocked at token generation event. Most flagship products (RioSwap, MintFun, ZK Thunder) remain on testnet pending 2026 mainnet launches.
Mintlayer firmographics
Firmographics- Name
- Mintlayer
- Legal name
- RBB S.r.l.
- Website
- https://mintlayer.org
- Company type
- Private
- Founded year
- 2021
- Operating status
- Operating
- Headcount range
- 1–10 employees
- Short description
- Mintlayer (RBB S.r.l.) is a Bitcoin Layer 2 sidechain protocol enabling trustless native BTC atomic swaps, RWA tokenization, and DeFi via a three-layer architecture (Bitcoin L1, Mintlayer L2, ZK Thunder L3). It serves Bitcoin holders, developers, and institutions through products like Mojito Wallet, RioSwap, MintFun, MWS enterprise services, and Interest.One fund-of-funds.
- Ownership category
- akta.pro rank
Mintlayer industry classification
Industry- Product category
- Bitcoin Layer 2 Blockchain Protocol
- NAICS
- Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities (522320)
- SIC
- Security & Commodity Brokers, Dealers, Exchanges & Services (6200)
- akta.pro primary industry
- Interoperability & Cross-Chain Infrastructure (Bridges, Messaging, Atomic Swaps) (FSAGAMAI)
- akta.pro secondary industries
- Tokenization Platforms (RWA, Securities, Funds) (FSAGAMAA), Interoperability & Integration Middleware (ERP/core banking connectors, messaging, APIs, cross-chain to permissioned) (FSAPAIAL), Smart Contract Developer Platforms & Tooling (SDKs, APIs, frameworks, indexing) (FSAPAAAH), Enterprise Payments & Tokenized Money (stablecoins, tokenized deposits, CBDC rails) (FSAPAIAJ)
Keywords
Where Mintlayer is headquartered
LocationHeadquarters
- HQ city
- Dogana
- HQ country
- Italy
- HQ region
- Europe
Offices1 record
Markets served
Mintlayer business model
Business model- GTM type
- B2B and B2C
- Offering type
- Software
- Cost components
- Technology or R&D, Personnel, Marketing or Sales, Operations, Supply Chain
Revenue model
- Transaction Fees (ML Token): ML token is used for all transaction fees on the Mintlayer network. As the primary utility token, ML drives network transaction demand. Block signers may accept other MLS-01 tokens for fees in the future, but ML remains accepted network-wide.
- Token Issuance Fees (ML Token): Issuing new MLS-01 fungible tokens on Mintlayer requires paying fees in ML (100 ML per fungible token issuance, 5 ML per NFT issuance, with additional fees for supply changes, freezing, and authority changes). This applies whether tokens are created through MintFun or directly on the network.
- Staking and Consensus Rewards: ML token holders can stake to participate in block production and earn staking rewards. Pool owners must stake a minimum of 40,000 ML. Block rewards decline over 10 years from 202 ML per block in Year 1 to 15 ML in Year 10.
- Mintlayer Web Services (MWS): MWS is the product studio and development services arm offering custom dApp development and white-label financial solutions for tokenized equity, commodities, bonds, and real estate, plus KYC/AML workflows and fintech integrations. Builders pay in ML for consulting, technical support, and development services.
- Interest.One Fund Management: Fund of Funds platform connecting Bitcoin holders to regulated, yield-producing Real World Assets across six sectors (Real Estate, Healthcare/MedTech, AI/Computing, Energy/Mobility, Defense/Cybersecurity, Sustainability). $60 million in private capital commitments announced in November 2025, including a $50 million Real Estate Fund commitment.
Pricing tiers
| Model | Billing | Price |
|---|---|---|
| Unit Pricing | Pay-as-you-go | MLS-01 Fungible Token Issuance |
| Unit Pricing | Pay-as-you-go | MLS-03 NFT Issuance |
| Subscription | Annual | Node Operation (Staking) |
| Unit Pricing | Pay-as-you-go | Data Deposit |
| Usage-based | Pay-as-you-go | Network Transaction Fees |
Go-to-market motion2 records
Distribution channels6 records
Marketing channels13 records
Mintlayer product offering
Product offeringCore offering
Mintlayer operates a Bitcoin Layer 2 sidechain protocol enabling native BTC cross-chain atomic swaps, asset tokenization (MLS-01 fungible and MLS-03 NFT standards), and decentralized finance applications without wrapped tokens, bridges, or custodians. Its three-layer architecture combines Bitcoin L1 security, a ~2-minute L2 settlement layer, and an EVM-compatible ZK Thunder L3 with 1-second block times. Surrounding the protocol are ecosystem products including Mojito Wallet, RioSwap DEX, MintFun token launchpad, Block Explorer, a JavaScript SDK, and the institutional Interest.One Fund of Funds for Real World Asset yield.
Product overview
Mintlayer is a Layer 2 Bitcoin sidechain protocol that has evolved into a comprehensive ecosystem of infrastructure, products, and services. The core Mintlayer Network provides the foundation for Bitcoin DeFi through native atomic swaps, while products like Mojito Wallet (BTC/ML/NFT wallet), ZK Thunder Network (EVM-compatible L3 scaling), and Block Explorer form the essential tooling. The ecosystem includes RioSwap (BTC-native cross-chain DEX), MintFun (token creation platform), Mintlayer Web Services (enterprise development studio), and Interest.One (regulated yield fund-of-funds). Together, these offerings enable real-world asset tokenization, decentralized finance, and Bitcoin-native interoperability without wrapped tokens or custodians.
Differentiator
Problem solved
Functional benefit
Brands
- Mojito Wallet: The first wallet built for the Mintlayer network. Supports BTC, ML coins, MLS-01 fungible tokens, and MLS-03 NFTs. Available as a mobile app and browser extension. Enables staking, swapping, and NFT management.
- ZK Thunder Network
- Mintlayer Web Services (MWS)
- Interest.One
- RioSwap
- MintFun
- Mojito Wallet
Products and services
- Mintlayer Network The core Layer 2 Bitcoin sidechain protocol that enables Bitcoin DeFi, asset tokenization, and Real World Asset infrastructure through native atomic swaps without wrapped tokens, bridges, or custodians. Targets developers, institutions, and Bitcoin holders.
- Mojito Wallet The first wallet built for the Mintlayer network, supporting BTC, ML coins, MLS-01 fungible tokens, and MLS-03 NFTs. Available as mobile app and browser extension (Chrome, Firefox), enables staking, swapping, atomic swap connectivity, Lightning Network compatibility, and dApp interaction for retail and institutional users.
- ZK Thunder Network Layer 3 (L3) ZK rollup-based, EVM-compatible scaling solution offering 1-second block settlements and full Ethereum smart contract compatibility. Built in collaboration with the Carpediem team. Targets developers building EVM-compatible dApps on Bitcoin infrastructure.
- Block Explorer Real-time blockchain analytics tool providing transparency and actionable insights on every transaction across the Mintlayer network, accessible via web interface.
- RioSwap The first BTC-native cross-chain decentralized exchange built on Mintlayer's atomic swap technology. Enables direct Bitcoin swaps without wrapped assets, bridges, or custodians using HTLC-based peer-to-peer trading. Targets crypto traders and BTC holders.
- MintFun The evolution of Token Factory - a simple launchpad for creating MLS-01 fungible tokens on Mintlayer without code. Open-source and forkable. Targets crypto projects and token issuers seeking self-serve token creation.
- Mintlayer Web Services (MWS) Product studio providing bespoke blockchain solutions for founders, funds, platforms, and institutions wanting to launch on-chain. Services include core blockchain infrastructure, compliance and risk systems, RWA frameworks, fintech integrations, bonds/loan/commodities/stablecoin solutions, and custom dApp development. Builders pay in ML for consulting, technical support, and development services.
- Interest.One Fund of Funds connecting Bitcoin holders to regulated, yield-producing Real World Assets across six sectors (Real Estate, Healthcare/MedTech, AI/Computing, Energy/Mobility, Defense/Cybersecurity, Sustainability) while holders retain BTC ownership and self-custody. Targets family offices, institutional investors, and qualified high-net-worth individuals.
- Mintlayer JavaScript SDK and React Layer Software development kit and React Layer providing web developers with essential tools to connect to Mojito Wallet, sign transactions, and build custom features for decentralized applications. Includes HTLC support for atomic swaps with working examples. Targets Web3 developers.
Quantifiable outcome
- Up to 70% transaction size reduction through batching
- +4 more outcomes
Companies that use Mintlayer
Customer profileNamed customers4 records
Segments4 records
Ideal customer profiles3 records
Mintlayer technology and API
TechnologyTechnology focussed Yes
API detail
- Has API
- Yes
- API docs
- API detail
Core technology
AI maturity
App detail
Integration4 records
Feature12 records
Mintlayer partnerships and signals
Strategic signalPartnerships
16 partnerships are on record, tiered core and minor.
- RBB Labs (RBB S.r.l.)coreRBB Labs (RBB S.r.l.) is the core development entity behind Mintlayer, responsible for building the Mintlayer protocol, maintaining the open-source codebase, and driving ecosystem development. Based in San Marino.
- CarpediemcoreCarpediem team collaborated with Mintlayer to develop ZK Thunder Network, the Layer 3 ZK rollup scaling solution. Carpediem contributed to the technical development of the EVM-compatible L3 execution layer.
- Charlie ShremminorCrypto pioneer Charlie Shrem is referenced as part of the team united to drive Bitcoin DeFi adoption, contributing to community and thought leadership.
- TetherminorVeterans from Tether are referenced as part of the diverse team of blockchain experts driving Mintlayer's development.
- BinanceminorVeterans from Binance are referenced as part of the diverse team of blockchain experts driving Mintlayer's development.
- BitfinexminorVeterans from Bitfinex are referenced as part of the diverse team of blockchain experts driving Mintlayer's development.
- Gate.iocoreGate.io is a major exchange listing ML token and supporting ERC20 to Mainnet ML token migration. Primary listing partner providing token liquidity and distribution.
- MEXCcoreMEXC exchange lists the ML token and supports ERC20 to Mainnet migration for its users. One of the primary exchange distribution channels.
- BitmartcoreBitmart exchange lists the ML token (ML_USDT trading pair) and supports ERC20 to Mainnet migration. Exchange distribution partner.
- PoloniexcorePoloniex exchange lists the ML token (ML_USDT) providing an additional trading venue for ML token holders.
- BitgetcoreBitget exchange lists the ML token (ML_USDT trading pair), expanding global distribution and accessibility for ML token trading.
- CertiKcoreCertiK operates the ZK Thunder bug bounty program, inviting white-hat security researchers to identify vulnerabilities in the Layer 3 network before mainnet deployment. Security audits and bounty programs ensure protocol robustness.
- Launchpool LabscoreLaunchpool Labs partnered with Mintlayer to connect varied stakeholders of the crypto community. Launchpool is a project that bridges investors, builders, and community members with early-stage crypto projects.
- ZK Thunder EcosystemcoreZK Thunder Network enables EVM-compatible smart contract deployment on Mintlayer's L3. The Fast Bridge connects ZK Thunder to Ethereum and other EVM chains, expanding developer ecosystem reach.
- MetaMaskcoreZK Thunder Network can be added to MetaMask as a custom network (Chain ID: 4237, RPC: rpc.testnet.zkthunder.fi) enabling Ethereum wallet users to interact with the Mintlayer L3 directly.
- Mojito WalletcoreMojito Wallet (browser extension and mobile app) is the primary wallet for Mintlayer, supporting BTC, ML, MLS-01, and MLS-03 tokens with staking, atomic swap connectivity, and dApp interaction capabilities.
Scale indicators9 records
Recent moves11 records
Expansion highlights6 records
Mintlayer competitors and assessment
Company assessmentBroad incumbents
- Liquid Network: Liquid Network is a Bitcoin sidechain operated by Blockstream for asset issuance and fast settlement. Direct technical predecessor in the Bitcoin sidechain category with established institutional issuance track record.
- Lightning Network: Lightning Network is the dominant Bitcoin Layer 2 for fast, low-cost payments. Broader incumbent in Bitcoin scaling that Mintlayer explicitly integrates with via Mojito Wallet but competes with for transaction settlement use cases.
- Polygon zkEVM: Polygon zkEVM is a ZK rollup providing EVM compatibility with low fees. Broad incumbent in the ZK scaling space — comparable technical architecture to Mintlayer's ZK Thunder L3 but anchored to Ethereum rather than Bitcoin.
Emerging players
- Ondo Finance: Ondo Finance is an institutional RWA tokenization platform with regulated funds and yield products. Comparable to Interest.One's regulated RWA yield thesis, though focused on Ethereum rather than Bitcoin rails.
- Botanix Labs: Botanix is an EVM-equivalent Bitcoin L2 built on a Proof-of-Stake sidechain architecture. Emerging player targeting similar Ethereum-on-Bitcoin developer base that Mintlayer addresses via ZK Thunder.
- LayerTwo Labs: LayerTwo Labs (formerly Starkware-related) is developing Starknet-based Bitcoin L2 scaling. Emerging player pursuing ZK-based Bitcoin scaling — directly comparable technical approach to Mintlayer's ZK Thunder L3.
Direct peers
- Rootstock (RSK): Rootstock is a Bitcoin sidechain enabling EVM-compatible smart contracts merged-mined with Bitcoin. Direct competitor in the Bitcoin L2 space with a more mature ecosystem but similar positioning.
- Core DAO: Core DAO is a Bitcoin-aligned, EVM-compatible Layer 1 using Satoshi Plus consensus. Direct competitor combining BTC security with EVM smart contracts — overlapping with Mintlayer's L3 EVM offering.
- Babylon: Babylon is a Bitcoin staking protocol that enables BTC to be used to secure other chains via restaking. Adjacent to Mintlayer's BTC DeFi thesis with focus on Bitcoin security provisioning rather than smart contract execution.
- Stacks: Stacks is a Bitcoin Layer 2 for smart contracts and DeFi using the Clarity language. Directly comparable to Mintlayer as both target programmable Bitcoin and developer ecosystems on top of BTC security.
Market position
Strengths1 record
Weaknesses1 record
Competitive moat6 records
Key risks6 records
Key highlights7 records
Customer concentration
Mintlayer social profiles
Digital presenceMintlayer financial estimates
Financial estimateRevenue estimate
Valuation estimate
Mintlayer leadership team
Management profileNumber of profiles
Profiles2 records
Mintlayer funding detail
Funding detailFunding overview
Funding rounds2 records
Investors27 records
Funding detail is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Mintlayer M&A and investment
M&A and investmentM&A
Investments1 record
M&A and investment is available on the Subscription and Enterprise plan.Contact sales →
Frequently asked questions about Mintlayer
What does Mintlayer do?
Mintlayer operates a Bitcoin Layer 2 sidechain protocol enabling native BTC cross-chain atomic swaps, asset tokenization (MLS-01 fungible and MLS-03 NFT standards), and decentralized finance applications without wrapped tokens, bridges, or custodians. Its three-layer architecture combines Bitcoin L1 security, a ~2-minute L2 settlement layer, and an EVM-compatible ZK Thunder L3 with 1-second block times. Surrounding the protocol are ecosystem products including Mojito Wallet, RioSwap DEX, MintFun token launchpad, Block Explorer, a JavaScript SDK, and the institutional Interest.One Fund of Funds for Real World Asset yield.
Is Mintlayer a public or private company?
Mintlayer is a private company. It is classified as venture growth investor backed and is currently operating.
When was Mintlayer founded?
Mintlayer was founded in 2021. It employs 1 to 10 people.
Where is Mintlayer based?
Mintlayer is headquartered in Dogana, Italy, in the Europe region.
How does Mintlayer make money?
Five revenue lines are on record. Transaction Fees (ML Token) is the primary driver. The others are token Issuance Fees (ML Token), staking and Consensus Rewards, mintlayer Web Services (MWS) and interest.One Fund Management.
Who are Mintlayer's main competitors?
Broad incumbents on record are Liquid Network, Lightning Network and Polygon zkEVM. Emerging players are Ondo Finance, Botanix Labs and LayerTwo Labs. Direct peers are Rootstock (RSK), Core DAO, Babylon and Stacks.
Does Mintlayer have an API?
Yes. Mintlayer JavaScript SDK and React Layer providing web developers tools to connect to Mojito Wallet, sign transactions, and build custom features for decentralized applications. The SDK includes support for Hash Time-Locked Contracts (HTLCs) for atomic swaps, with working examples of Bitcoin atomic swap sequences that developers can integrate into their applications. Developer documentation is at docs.mintlayer.org.
What industry is Mintlayer in?
Mintlayer's product category is Bitcoin Layer 2 Blockchain Protocol. Its primary akta.pro industry code is FSAGAMAI, Interoperability & Cross-Chain Infrastructure (Bridges, Messaging, Atomic Swaps), with a secondary code of FSAGAMAA, Tokenization Platforms (RWA, Securities, Funds). Its NAICS code is 522320 and its SIC code is 6200.